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Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies 7/2018

19.08.2017 | Research Paper

The Relationship Between the Gender Gap in Subjective Well-Being and Leisure Activities in China

verfasst von: Dong Zhou, Langchuan Peng

Erschienen in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Ausgabe 7/2018

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Abstract

This study explains the observed gender gap in subjective well-being (SWB) in China using heterogeneous marginal utility derived from leisure hours. We find that women in China exhibit higher levels of well-being than men and that there is a conditional unexplained gender gap in SWB ranging between 0.15 and 0.17. This conditional gap can be partly (30–40%) explained by the gender difference in the marginal utility of leisure hours. Meanwhile, we find a strong negative effect of hours spent on housework. These findings are robust to a variety of model specifications and subsamples.

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Fußnoten
1
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics and International Labour Office (https://​www.​bls.​gov/​fls/​chartbook/​chart2.​2.​pdf).
 
2
The Easterlin paradox questions the correlation of income and happiness. Easterlin (1974) shows that although many counties experienced a substantial GDP growth in the past several decades, their residents’ well-being levels do not increase correspondingly. It is worth noting that the original Easterlin paradox has already been questioned and modified (e.g., Stevenson and Wolfers 2008).
 
3
Sabrina V. Lima (2011). “A cross-country investigation of the determinants of the happiness gender gap.” Working paper.
 
4
For example, Turkey (İlkkaracan 2012), Canada (MacDonald et al. 2005), Europe and North America (Ferber et al. 2004).
 
5
Before the SWB questions, a list of questions was asked to help respondents conceive their subjective well-being.
 
6
A U-shaped age-happiness curve with the lowest level of SWB occurring at middle age is widely documented in the existing literature (e.g., Dolan et al. 2008; Blanchflower and Oswald 2008).
 
7
The hukou system is a record required by law in China. It determines where citizens are allowed to live, and it usually correlates with various public services and welfare benefits. There are two types, agricultural and non-agricultural. More details are provided in Song (2014).
 
8
Some studies in China find different results. For example, Jiang et al. (2012) investigate inequality (Gini coefficient) instead of relative income and find that residents do not always feel unhappy with an increase in others’ income. Liu and Shang (2012) show that the effect of one’s own income is, in magnitude, as strong as the effect of comparison income.
 
9
A recent study in migration is Xu (2016).
 
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Metadaten
Titel
The Relationship Between the Gender Gap in Subjective Well-Being and Leisure Activities in China
verfasst von
Dong Zhou
Langchuan Peng
Publikationsdatum
19.08.2017
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Journal of Happiness Studies / Ausgabe 7/2018
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9913-7

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