Modeling of Flow Stress of High Titanium Content 6061 Aluminum Alloy Under Hot Compression

Hot compression tests were performed on high titanium content 6061 aluminum alloy (AA 6061-Ti) using a Gleeble-3500 thermomechanical testing system at temperatures from 350 to 510 °C with a constant strain rate in the range of 0.001-10 s⁻¹. Three types of flow stress models were established from the experimental stress-strain curves, the correlation coefficient (R), mean absolute relative error (MARE), and root mean square deviation (RMSD) between the predicted data and the experimental data were also calculated. The results show that the Fields–Backofen model, which includes a softening factor, was the simplest mathematical expression with a level of precision appropriate for the numerical simulations. However, the Arrhenius and artificial neural network (ANN) models were also consistent with the experimental results but they are more limited in their application in terms of their accuracy and the mathematical expression of the models.