nach oben

Optical and Quantum Electronics

Erschienen in:

01.05.2024

Photonic crystal based integrated system for half adder and half subtractor operations

verfasst von: Snigdha Hazra, Sourangshu Mukhopadhyay

Erschienen in: Optical and Quantum Electronics | Ausgabe 5/2024

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

In this paper, the implementation of an integrated system of half adder and half subtractor based on 2D Si-air photonic crystal is proposed. The structure includes two input ports, one control port, and two output ports. When light is absent in the control port, the structure operates as a half adder and when light is present in the control port, it functions as a half subtractor. The operation of the structure is based on the phenomenon of constructive and destructive interference of light waves. The novelty of the proposed structure is that using a single control signal, both half adder and half subtractor operations can be realized. Since no nonlinear material has been used to design the structure, the power consumption of the structure is very low. Another advantage of the structure is that same materials have been used for all the rods which makes the fabrication process easier. The structure has been simulated by utilizing PWE and FDTD methods. Different performance parameters such as contrast ratio, rise time, delay time, fall time, response time, and bit rate for the designed structure have been obtained as 14.78 dB, 0.25 ps, 0.3 ps, 0.11 ps, 0.44 ps, and 2.27 Tb/s respectively. Due to its high contrast ratio, fast response time, high bit rate, and smaller dimension, the designed structure can be a promising candidate for realizing high speed optical integrated circuits.

Vorheriger Artikel PhC structure for high contrast XOR/OR/NOT logic

Nächster Artikel Effects of selectively thickening core wall on birefringence and loss in polarization-maintaining hollow core photonic bandgap fiber

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Aikawa, Y., Shimizu, S., Uenohara, H.: Demonstration of all-optical divider circuit using SOA-MZI-Type XOR gate and feedback loop for forward error detection. J. Lightwave Technol. 29, 2259–2266 (2011)ADSCrossRef

Alipour-Banaei, H., Serajmohammadi, S., Mehdizadeh, F., Andalib, A.: Band gap properties of two-dimensional photonic crystal structures with rectangular lattice. J. Opt. Commun.Commun. 36(2), 109–114 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2014-0049ADSCrossRef

Askarian, A.: Performance analysis of all optical 2 × 1 multiplexer in 2D photonic crystal structure. J. Opt. Commun.Commun. (2021a). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2021-0235CrossRef

Askarian, A.: Design and analysis of all optical half subtractor in 2D photonic crystal platform. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 228, 166126 (2021b). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.166126CrossRef

Askarian, A.: All optical half subtractor based on linear photonic crystals and phase shift keying technique. J. Opt. Commun.Commun. (2021c). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2021-0095CrossRef

Askarian, A.: Design and implementation of all optical OR and NOR gates based on PhC structure and nonlinear Kerr effect. J. Opt. Commun.Commun. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2022-0041CrossRef

Askarian, A.: Design and implementation of all optical 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D-PhC platform and optical Kerr effect. Opt. Quant. Electron. 55, 822 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04957-9CrossRef

Askarian, A., Akbarizadeh, G.: A novel proposal for all optical 2 × 4 decoder based on photonic crystal and threshold switching method. Opt. Quant. Electron. 54, 84 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03443-4CrossRef

Askarian, A., Parandin, F.: Investigations of all-optical gates based on linear photonic crystals using the PSK technique and beam interference effect. Electromagnetics 43(5), 291–308 (2023a). https://doi.org/10.1080/02726343.2023.2244829CrossRef

Askarian, A., Parandin, F.: A novel proposal for all optical 1-bit comparator based on 2D linear photonic crystal. J. Comput. Electron.Comput. Electron. 22, 288–295 (2023b). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-022-01961-2CrossRef

Askarian, A., Parandin, F.: Numerical analysis of all optical 1-bit comparator based on PhC structure for optical integrated circuits. Opt. Quant. Electron. 55, 419 (2023c). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04552-yCrossRef

Askarian, A., Akbarizadeh, G., Fartash, M.: A novel proposal for all optical half-subtractor based on photonic crystals. Opt. Quant. Electron. 51, 264 (2019a). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-1978-6CrossRef

Askarian, A., Akbarizadeh, G., Fartash, M.: All-optical half-subtractor based on photonic crystals. Appl. Opt. 58(22), 5931–5935 (2019b). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.005931ADSCrossRef

Beiranvand, R., Mir, A., Talebzadeh, R.: Design and simulation of a very fast and compact all-optical Full-Subtractor based on nonlinear effect in 2D photonic crystals. Opt. Quant. Electron. 53, 351 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03002-xCrossRef

Bogoni, A., Wu, X., Fazal, I., Willner, A.E.: 160 Gb/s Time-domain channel extraction/insertion and all-optical logic operations exploiting a single PPLN waveguide. J. Lightwave Technol. 27, 4221–4227 (2009)ADSCrossRef

Chakraborty, B., Mukhopadhyay, S.: All-optical method of developing a phase encoded latch by using EDFA. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 122(20), 1844–1847 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.12.003CrossRef

Dey, S., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Implementation of all-optical Pauli-Y gate by the integrated phase and polarisation encoding. IET Optoelectron.Optoelectron. 12(4), 176–179 (2018)CrossRef

Dey, A., Lakshan, S., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Development of nano-photonic structure for implementation of frequency encoded two-state Pauli X gate. J. Russ. Laser Res. 44, 458–469 (2023)CrossRef

Dutta, S., Mukhopadhyay, S.: An all-optical approach of frequency encoded NOT based latch using semiconductor optical amplifier. J. Opt. 39(1), 39–45 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-010-0004-yCrossRef

Dutta, S., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Alternating approach of implementing frequency encoded all-optical logic gates and flip-flop using semiconductor optical amplifier. Opt. Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 122(12), 1088–1094 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.06.046CrossRef

Fang, Y., Tang, X.: All optical half adder/half subtractor using photonic crystal based nonlinear cavities. Appl. Opt. 61(9), 2306–2312 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.451212ADSCrossRef

Fu, Y., Hu, X., Gong, Q.: Silicon photonic crystal all-optical logic gates. Phys. Lett. A 377, 329–333 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2012.11.034ADSCrossRef

Genj, X., Zhao, L.: All-optical analog to digital converter based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators. Photonics Nanostructures-Fundam. Appl. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.photonics.2020.100817CrossRef

Gutiérrez-Castrejón, R., Dülk, M., Fischer, S.T., Guekos, G.: Novel scheme for optical time-division demultiplexing using a delayed interferometer. Opt. Commun.Commun. 192, 245–254 (2001)ADSCrossRef

Hazra, S., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Implementation of quantum optical tristate CNOT gate using frequency encoding principle with a semiconductor optical amplifier. Optoelectron. Lett.. Lett. 19, 269–273 (2023a). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-023-2195-xADSCrossRef

Hazra, S., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Quantum optical tristate Toffoli gate using frequency encoding principle of light with semiconductor optical amplifier. J. Opt. (2023b). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-023-01330-7CrossRef

Hazra, S., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Two-dimensional photonic crystal based optical CNOT gate. Opt. Quant. Electron. 55, 961 (2023c). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-05228-3CrossRef

Jalali-Azizpoor, M.R., Soroosh, M., Seifi-Kavian, Y.: Application of self-collimated beams in realizing all-optical photonic crystal-based half-adder. Photon Netw. Commun.Netw. Commun. 36, 344–349 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-018-0786-4CrossRef

Jile, H.: Realization of an all-optical comparator using beam interference inside photonic crystal waveguides. Appl. Opt. 59, 3714–3719 (2020)ADSCrossRef

Khajeheian, N., Jamali, J., Fatehi-Dindarlou, M., Taghizadeh, M.: A novel proposal for ultra-fast all optical half subtractor based on nonlinear ring resonators. Opt. Quant. Electron. 53, 336 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02982-0CrossRef

Kordi, S.E., Yousefi, R., Ghoreishi, S.S., Adrang, H.: Ultrafast all-optical half-adder and half-subtractor based on linear 2D photonic crystal. Opt. Quant. Electron. 53, 390 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03048-xCrossRef

Kotb, A., Guo, C.: All-optical multifunctional AND, NOR, and XNOR logic gates using semiconductor optical amplifiers. Phys. Scr. 95(8), 085506 (2020)ADSCrossRef

Kotb, A., Zoiros, K.E., Guo, C.: Performance investigation of 120 Gb/s all-optical logic XOR gate using dual-reflective semiconductor optical amplifier-based scheme. J. Comput. Electron.Comput. Electron. 17, 1640–1649 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-018-1243-4CrossRef

Lakshan, S., Dey, A., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Alternative approach of frequency encoding for implementation of tristate Pauli Z gate with PC-SOA assisted photonic band gap crystal. Opt. Quant. Electron. 55, 613 (2023)CrossRef

Maiti, A.K., Roy, J.N., Mukhopadhyay, S.: All-optical conversion scheme from binary to its MTN form with the help of nonlinear material based tree-net architecture. Chin. Opt. Lett. 5(8), 480–483 (2007)ADS

Mandal, M., De, P., Lakshan, S., Sarfaraj, M.N., Hazra, S., Dey, A., Mukhopadhyay, S.: A review of electro-optic, semiconductor optical amplifier and photonic crystal-based optical switches for application in quantum computing. J. Opt. 52, 603–611 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-022-01045-1CrossRef

Mao, Y., Liu, B., Ullah, R., Sun, T., Zhao, Li.: All-optical XOR function accompanied with OOK/PSK format conversion with multicast functionality based on cascaded SOA configuration. Opt. Commun.Commun. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2020.125421CrossRef

Menezes, J.W.M., de Fraga, W.B., Ferreira, A.C., Saboia, K.D.A., Filho, A.F.G.F., Guimarães, G.F., Sousa, J.R.R., Rocha, H.H.B., Sombra, A.S.B.: Logic gates based in two- and three-modes nonlinear optical fiber couplers. Opt. Quant. Electron. 39, 1191–1206 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-008-9186-9CrossRef

Moradi, R.: All optical half subtractor using photonic crystal based nonlinear ring resonators. Opt. Quant. Electron. 51, 119 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-019-1831-yCrossRef

Mukhopadhyay, S., Das, D.N., Das, P.P., Ghosh, P.: Implementation of all-optical digital matrix multiplication scheme with nonlinear material. Opt. Eng. 40(09), 1998–2002 (2001)ADSCrossRef

Naghizade, S., Saghaei, H.: Ultra-fast tunable optoelectronic half adder/subtractor based on photonic crystal ring resonators covered by graphene nanoshells. Opt. Quant. Electron. 53, 380 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03071-yCrossRef

Nair, N., Kaur, S., Singh, H.: All-optical ripple carry adder based on SOA-MZI configuration at 100 Gb/s. Opt.-Int J. Light Electron Opt. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.166325CrossRef

Namdari, N., Talebzadeh, R.: Simple and compact optical half-subtractor based on photonic crystal resonant cavities in silicon rods. Appl. Opt. 59, 165–170 (2020)ADSCrossRef

Neisy, M., Soroosh, M., Ansari-Asl, K.: All optical half adder based on photonic crystal resonant cavities. Photon Netw. Commun.Netw. Commun. 35, 245–250 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-017-0736-6CrossRef

Olyaee, S., Seifouri, M., Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, A.: Realization of all-optical NOT and XOR logic gates based on interference effect with high contrast ratio and ultra-compacted size. Opt. Quant. Electron. 50, 385 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-018-1654-2CrossRef

Pakrai, F., Soroosh, M., Ganji, J.: A novel proposal for an all optical combined half adder/subtractor. Opt. Quant. Electron. 54, 518 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03898-zCrossRef

Parandin, F.: Ultra-compact and low delay time all optical half adder based on photonic crystals. Opt. Quant. Electron. 55, 398 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-023-04603-4CrossRef

Parandin, F., Mohammadi, M.: Compact all-optical decoder design for optical integrated circuits. Appl. Opt. 62, 5355–5359 (2023)ADSCrossRef

Parandin, F., Sheykhian, A.: Design of an all-optical half adder based on photonic crystal ring resonator. Opt. Quant. Electron. 54, 443 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03810-9CrossRef

Parandin, F., Kamarian, R., Jomour, M.: Optical 1-bit comparator based on two-dimensional photonic crystals. Appl. Opt. 60, 2275–2280 (2021)ADSCrossRef

Parandin, F., Rahimi, Z., Rezaeenia, M.: Design of an ultra-compact photonic crystal based all optical XOR and NOT logic gates. J. Opt. Commun.Commun. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2022-0137CrossRef

Parandin, F., Sheykhian, A., Bagheri, N.: A novel design for an ultracompact optical majority gate based on a ring resonator on photonic crystal substrate. J. Comput. Electron.Comput. Electron. 22, 716–722 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-023-02016-wCrossRef

Patil, J.B., Gowre, S.C., Sonth, M.V., Gadgay, B.: Design of ultra compact 4:2 encoder using two dimensional photonic crystals. Opt. Quant. Electron. 54, 673 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-03921-3CrossRef

Prabha, K.R., Kavitha, V., Robinson, S., Jayabharathan, J.K., Balamurugan, P.: Two-dimensional photonic crystal-based half adder: a review. J. Opt. 51, 415–436 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-021-00799-4CrossRef

Rahmani, A., Mehdizadeh, F.: Application of nonlinear PhCRRs in realizing all optical half-adder. Opt. Quant. Electron. 50, 30 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-017-1301-3CrossRef

Rao, D.G.S., Fathima, M.S., Manjula, P., Swarnakar, S.: Design and optimization of all-optical demultiplexer using photonic crystals for optical computing applications. J. Opt. Commun.Commun. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2020-0057CrossRef

Reis, C., Chattopadhyay, T., Andre, P., Teixeira, A.: Single Mach-Zehnder interferometer based Boolean logic gates. Appl. Opt. 51, 8693–8701 (2012)ADSCrossRef

Roy, J.N., Maiti, A.K., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Designing of an all-optical time division multiplexing scheme with the help of nonlinear material based tree-net architecture. Chin. Opt. Lett. 4(8), 483–486 (2006)ADS

Roy Chowdhury, K., Das, P.P., Mukhopadhyay, S.: All-optical time-domain multiplexing-demultiplexing scheme with nonlinear material. Opt. Eng. 44(3), 035201 (2005)ADSCrossRef

Safinezhad, A., BabaeiGhoushji, H., Shiri, M.: High-performance and ultrafast configurable all-optical photonic crystal logic gates based on interference effects. Opt. Quant. Electron. 53, 259 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-02856-5CrossRef

Sarfaraj, M.N., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Realization of Tristate Pauli-X, Y and Z gates on photonic crystal using wavelength encoding. Opt. Commun.Commun. (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2023.129913CrossRef

Sarfaraj, M.N., Sebait, M., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Implementation of quantum optical tristate oscillators based on tristate Pauli-X, Y and Z gates by using joint encoding of phase and intensity. Optoelectron. Lett.. Lett. 18, 673–677 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1191-xADSCrossRef

Sarkar, B., Mukhopadhyay, S.: An all optical scheme for implementing an integrated Pauli’s X, Y and Z quantum gates with optical switches. J. Opt. 46, 143–148 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-017-0398-xCrossRef

Seif-Dargahi, H., Zavvari, M., Alipour-Banaei, H.: Very compact photonic crystal resonant cavity for all optical filtering. J. Theor. Appl. Phys. 8, 183–188 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40094-014-0147-3ADSCrossRef

Seifouri, M., Olyaee, S., Sardari, M., Mohebzadeh-Bahabady, A.: Ultra-fast and compact all-optical half adder using 2D photonic crystals. IET Optoelectron.Optoelectron. 13(3), 139–143 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2018.5130CrossRef

Serajmohammadi, S., Alipour-Banaei, H., Mehdizadeh, F.: Proposal for realizing an all-optical half adder based on photonic crystals. Appl. Opt. 57, 1617–1621 (2018)ADSCrossRef

Sharma, A., Goswami, K., Mondal, H., Datta, T., Sen, M.: A review on photonic crystal based all-optical logic decoder: linear and nonlinear perspectives. Opt. Quant. Electron. 54, 90 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03473-yCrossRef

Singh, P., Tripathi, D.K., Jaiswal, S., Dixit, H.K.: Designs of all-optical buffer and OR gate using SOA-MZI. Opt. Quant. Electron. 46, 1435–1444 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-013-9856-0CrossRef

Wang, J., Sun, J., Sun, Q.: Proposal for all-optical switchable OR/XOR logic gates using sum-frequency generation. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 19(8), 541–543 (2007)ADSCrossRef

Wang, J., Sun, J., Zhang, X., Huang, D., Fejer, M.M.: Ultrafast all-optical three-input Boolean XOR operation for differential phase-shift keying signals using periodically poled lithium niobate. Opt. Lett. 33, 1419–1421 (2008)ADSCrossRef

Titel: Photonic crystal based integrated system for half adder and half subtractor operations
verfasst von: Snigdha Hazra
Sourangshu Mukhopadhyay
Publikationsdatum: 01.05.2024
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Optical and Quantum Electronics / Ausgabe 5/2024
Print ISSN: 0306-8919
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-817X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06731-x

Neuer Inhalt

Bildnachweise

VDI-Icon, Profil Icon, inhalt2, Springer Professional Modul/© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Internationaler Motorenkongress/© [M] ATZlive | Chisnikov / Fotolia.com, Search Icon, Banner Hanser, Benny Hahn/© ZEP GmbH, Customer Experience/© © oatawa / Getty Images / iStock, Erdgasmotor 1.5 TGI evo von Volkswagen/© Volkswagen AG, Zeitschrift Wissensmanagement Cover, PatentFit-Logo/© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, 2023_Antrieb/© supervisuell, ATZ-Webinar: Prototypenfreie Entwicklung durch Offline- und Driver-in-the-Loop-HiL-Tests /© (c) VI-grade, chassis.tech plus 2023/© [M] ATZlive / TÜV SÜD PRODUCT SERVICE GMBH

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2024

Comments on “Numerical investigation and circuit analysis of interdigitated photoconductive antenna for terahertz applications”

Insight into the physical properties of lead-free Chloroperovskites GaXCl3 (X = Be, Ca) compounds: probed by DFT

Molecular approach of Au–Stilbene–Au and Au–TCAB–Au molecular optical electronic devices designed for organic light-sensitive circuits

Synthesis of lead-free Cu/CuFeO2/CZTS thin film as a novel photocatalytic hydrogen generator from wastewater and solar cell applications

Continuous irradiance adjustment system design for solar simulators with wide range and high uniformity

New solitons and other exact wave solutions for coupled system of perturbed highly dispersive CGLE in birefringent fibers with polynomial nonlinearity law

Neuer Inhalt

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.