nach oben

Cellulose

Erschienen in:

13.04.2018 | Original Paper

Quantification of Kraft paper ageing in mineral oil impregnated insulation systems through mechanical characterization

verfasst von: I. A. Carrascal, C. Fernández-Diego, J. A. Casado, S. Diego, I. Fernández, A. Ortiz

Erschienen in: Cellulose | Ausgabe 6/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Power transformers use Kraft paper, thermally upgraded Kraft and other polymeric papers (ex. Nomex) as the main solid insulation between the winding conductors. Dielectric oil used in transformers as an insulating and cooling fluid typically has an operating temperature range of 60–90 °C. These service temperatures can cause slow degradation of both the oil and the insulating paper winding, with a loss of mechanical and dielectric properties. In this sense, this work analyzes paper degradation through Young’s Modulus, yield stress, rupture strength and strain under ultimate strength. An accelerated thermal ageing of the paper in mineral oil was carried out at temperatures of 110, 130 and 150 °C over different periods of time, in order to obtain information on the kinetics of the ageing degradation of the paper. The evolution of the mechanical properties and micro mechanisms of paper failure are analysed as a function of temperature and ageing time. Finally, the results obtained are compared with the traditional method of degradation analysis, based on the degree of polymerisation measurement.

Vorheriger Artikel Facile preparation of floatable high surface area activated carbon monolith from waste printing paper and coal tar pitch

Nächster Artikel Regenerated cellulose from N-methylmorpholine N-oxide solutions as a coating agent for paper materials

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Abelmalik AA, Fothergirl JC, Dodd SJ (2013) Ageing of Kraft paper insulation in natural ester dielectric fluid. In: IEEE international conference on solid dielectrics (ICSD), Bologna, Italy, pp 541–544. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsd.2013.6619678

Arroyo OH, Fofana I, Jalbert J (2014) Relationship between some chemical markers and the mechanical properties of the solid insulation used in power transformers. In: Proceedings of the 32nd electrical insulation conference, EIC, Philadelphia, PA, USA, pp 348–352. https://doi.org/10.1109/eic.2014.6869407

Arroyo OH, Fofana I, Jalbert J, Ryadi M (2015) Relationships between methanol marker and mechanical performance of electrical insulation papers for power transformers under accelerated thermal aging. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 22(6):3625–3632. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2015.005386 CrossRef

Arroyo OH, Fofana I, Jalbert J, Rodriguez E, Rodriguez L, Ryadi M (2017a) Assessing changes in thermally upgraded papers with different nitrogen contents under accelerated aging. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 24(3):1829–1839. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2017.006449 CrossRef

Arroyo OH, Jalbert J, Fofana I, Ryadi M (2017b) Temperature dependence of methanol and the tensile strength of insulation paper: kinetics of the changes of mechanical properties during ageing. Cellulose 24(2):1031–1039. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-016-1123-7 CrossRef

Azis N, Liu Q, Wang ZD (2014) Ageing assessment of transformer paper insulation through post mortem analysis. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 21(2):845–853. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2013.004118 CrossRef

Cahyono B, Suwarno, Hariyanto N, Takahashi T, Okamoto T (2012) Influence of insulation paper degradation on economical operation period of power transformers. In: International conference on condition monitoring and diagnosis (CMD), Bali, Indonesia, pp 48–51. https://doi.org/10.1109/cmd.2012.6416468

Calvini P, Gorassini A, Merlani AL (2007) On the kinetics of cellulose degradation: looking beyond the pseudo zero order rate equation. Cellulose 15(2):293–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-007-9162-8 CrossRef

Carcedo J, Fernández I, Ortiz A, Delgado F, Renedo C, Pesquera C (2015) Aging assessment of dielectric vegetable oils. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 31(6):13–21. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2015.7303258 CrossRef

Ding HZ, Wang ZD (2008) On the degradation evolution equations of cellulose. Cellulose 15:205–224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-007-9166-4 CrossRef

Emsley AM, Stevens GC (1994) Review of chemical indicators of degradation of cellulosic electrical paper insulation in oil-filled power transformers. IEE Proc Sci Meas Technol 141(5):324–334. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:19949957 CrossRef

Fofana I (2013) 50 Years in the development of insulating liquids. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 29(5):13–25. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2013.6585853 CrossRef

Gasser HP, Huser J, Krause C, Dahinden V, Emsley AM (1999) Determining the ageing parameters of cellulosic insulation in a transformer. In: Eleventh international symposium on high voltage engineering, London, UK, pp 4.143–4.147. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp:19990813

Gilbert R, Jalbert J, Tétreault P, Morin B, Denos Y (2009) Kinetics of the production of chain-end groups and methanol from the depolymerization of cellulose during the ageing of paper/oil systems. Part 1: standard wood kraft insulation. Cellulose 16(2):327–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-008-9261-1 CrossRef

Gilbert R, Jalbert J, Duchesne S, Tétreault P, Morin B, Denos Y (2010) Kinetics of the production of chain-end groups and methanol from the depolymerization of cellulose during the ageing of paper/oil systems. Part 2: thermally-upgraded insulating papers. Cellulose 17(2):253–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-009-9365-2 CrossRef

Greenhalgh ES, Hiley MJ (2008) Fractography of polymer composites: current status and future issues. In: Proceedings of the 13th European conference on composite materials (ECCM13), Stockholm, Sweden, pp 1–15

Heywood RJ, Emsley AM, Ali M (2000) Degradation of cellulosic insulation in power transformers part I: factors affecting the measurement of the average viscometric degree of polymerisation of new and aged electrical papers. IEE Proc Sci Meas Technol 147(2):86–90. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-smt:20000076 CrossRef

Hill DJT, Le TT, Darveniza M, Saha T (1995a) A study of degradation of cellulosic insulation materials in a power transformer, part 1. Molecular weight study of cellulose insulation paper. Polym Degrad Stab 48(1):79–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(95)00023-f CrossRef

Hill DJT, Le TT, Darveniza M, Saha T (1995b) A study of degradation of cellulosic insulation materials in a power transformer part 2: tensile strength of cellulose insulation paper. Polym Degrad Stab 49(3):429–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(95)00100-Z CrossRef

Hill DJT, Le TT, Darveniza M, Saha T (1996) A study of degradation of cellulosic insulation materials in a power transformer part 3: degradation products of cellulose insulation paper. Polym Degrad Stab 51(2):211–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-3910(95)00204-9 CrossRef

Hoom J, Ki Park D, Ok Han S (2010) Estimation for degradation characteristics of cellulose paper used in oil-filled transformer and analysis for correlationship using statical treatment. In: Conference on precision electromagnetic measurements (CPEM), Daejeon, Korea (South), pp 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2010.5544170

Jalbert J, Lessard MC (2015) Cellulose chemical markers relationship with insulating paper post-mortem investigations. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 22(6):3550–3554. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2015.005295 CrossRef

Jalbert J, Rodriguez-Celis E, Duchesne S, Morin B, Ryadi M, Gilbert R (2015) Kinetics of the production of chain-end groups and methanol from the depolymerization of cellulose during the ageing of paper/oil systems. Part 3: extension of the study under temperature conditions over 120 C. Cellulose 22(1):829–848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-014-0516-8 CrossRef

Kalariya K, Kannad H, Vyas D, Gandhi P (2007) A review on ageing of power transformer and insulation life assessment. In: POWERENG international conference power engineering, energy and electrical drives. Setubal, Portugal, pp 12–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/powereng.2007.4380104

Koch M, Tenbohlen S, Giselbrecht D, Homagk C, Leibfried T (2007) Onsite, online and post mortem insulation diagnostics at power transformers. Cigrè, vol 23, Brugge, Belgium, pp 1–8

Leibfried T, Jaya M, Majer N, Schäfer M, Stach M, Voss S (2013) Postmortem investigation of power transformers-profile of degree of polymerization and correlation with furan concentration in the oil. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 28(2):886–893. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2245152 CrossRef

Levchik S, Scheirs J, Camino G, Tumiatti W, Avidano M (1997) Depolymerization processes in the thermal degradation of cellulosic paper insulation in electrical Transformers. Polym Degrad Stab 61(3):507–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(97)00249-8 CrossRef

Lundgaard L, Allan D, Höhlein IA, Clavreul R, Dahlund MO, Gasser HP, Heywood R, Krause C, Lessard MC, Saha TK, Sokolov V, Pablo A (2007) Ageing of cellulose in mineral-oil insulated transformers. Technical Brochure 323, D1.01.10

Madavan R, Balaraman S (2016) Failure analysis of transformer liquid–solid insulation system under selective environmental conditions using Weibull statics method. Eng Fail Anal 65:26–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2016.03.017 CrossRef

Martins MA, Fialho M, Martins J, Soares M, Castro MC, Campelo HMR (2011) Power transformer end-of-life assessment-Pracana case study. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 27(6):15–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2011.6059980 CrossRef

Mirazie M, Gholami A, Tayebi HR (2009) Insulation condition assessment of power transformers using accelerated ageing tests. Turk J Electr Eng Comput Sci 17(1):39–54. https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-0802-5 CrossRef

Müllerová E, Hrůza J, Velek J, Ullman I, Stříska F (2015) Life cycle management of power transformers: results and discussion of case studies. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 22(4):2379–2389. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2015.005025 CrossRef

Oommen TV, Prevost TA (2006) Cellulose insulation in oil-filled power transformers: part II maintaining insulation integrity and life. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 22(2):5–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2006.1618996 CrossRef

Pei C, Shengchang J, Lingyu Z, Yanjie C, Shihua Z, Yun L, Huisheng Y, Ping P (2016) The effect of thermal aging on surface structure and mechanical strength of oil-impregnated pressboard. In: International conference on condition monitoring and diagnosis CMD, 7757995, Xi’an, China, pp 1000–1003. https://doi.org/10.1109/cmd.2016.7757995

Perrier C, Coulibaly M, Marugan M (2016) Efficiency of ageing markers for different transformer insulation systems. In: IEEE International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD), Montpellier, France, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/icd.2016.7547743

Prevost TA, Oommen TV (2006) Cellulose insulation in oil-filled power transformers: part I—history and development. IEEE Electr Insul Mag 22(1):28–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2006.1618969 CrossRef

Prevost TA, Gasser HP, Krause C (2007) The value of post‐mortem investigations for the condition assessment of power transformers. In: Sixth annual technical conference, Weidmann-ACTI Inc., St. Pettersburg, USA

Sun P, Sima W, Yang M, Wu J (2016) Influence of thermal aging on the breakdown characteristics of transformer oil impregnated paper. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 23(6):3373–3381. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2016.005306 CrossRef

Verma P, Chauhan DS, Singh P (2007) Effects on tensile strength of transformer insulation paper under accelerated thermal and electrical stress. Annual report—conference on electrical insulation and dielectric phenomena, CEIDP 4451463, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp 619–622. https://doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2007.4451463

Wei YH, Mu HB, Deng JB, Zhang GJ (2016) Effect of space charge on breakdown characteristics of aged oil-paper insulation under DC voltage. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 23(5):3143–3150. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2016.005509 CrossRef

Widyanugraha T, Rachmad R, Suwarno W (2015) DGA and tensile strength test on accelerated thermal ageing of ester oil and Kraft paper. In: International conference on electrical engineering and informatics (ICEEI), Bali, Indonesia, pp 177–180. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceei.2015.7352491

Zhu Y, Li S, Min D (2017) Origin of dielectric processes in aged oil impregnated paper. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul 24(3):1625–1635. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2017.006136 CrossRef

Zhuravleva N, Reznik A, Tukacheva A, Kiesewtter D (2016) The study of thermal ageing components paper-impregnated insulation of power Transformers. In: Young researchers in electrical and electronic engineering conference (EIConRusNW), St. Petersburg, Russia, pp 747–751. https://doi.org/10.1109/eiconrusnw.2016.7448288

Zhuravleva N, Reznik A, Kiesewetter D, Tashlanov D (2017) The impact of the degree of polymerisation of the cellulose molecules on the electrical and mechanical properties of insulating paper. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Russia section young researchers in electrical and electronic engineering conference, ElConRus, 7910781, St. Petersburg, Russia, pp 1220–1223. https://doi.org/10.1109/eiconrus.2017.7910781

Titel: Quantification of Kraft paper ageing in mineral oil impregnated insulation systems through mechanical characterization
verfasst von: I. A. Carrascal
C. Fernández-Diego
J. A. Casado
S. Diego
I. Fernández
A. Ortiz
Publikationsdatum: 13.04.2018
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Cellulose / Ausgabe 6/2018
Print ISSN: 0969-0239
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-882X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-018-1788-1

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2018

Effect of synthetic conditions on the morphology and gasoline desulfurization performance of microphase-separated membranes

Rheological properties of cellulose nanocrystal-polymeric systems

Salt sorption on regenerated cellulosic fibers: electrokinetic measurements

Adjustable thermal barrier of cotton fabric by multilayer immobilization of PCM nanocapsules

Chiral separation of (d,l)-lactic acid through molecularly imprinted cellulose acetate composite membrane

Designing cellulose nanofiber surface for high density polyethylene reinforcement