Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Business and Psychology 2/2019

19.02.2018 | Original Paper

Relational Identification and Forgiveness: Facilitating Relationship Resilience

verfasst von: Bryant S. Thompson, M. Audrey Korsgaard

Erschienen in: Journal of Business and Psychology | Ausgabe 2/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between relational identification, forgiveness, and relationship resilience. We conducted two different studies: study 1 (n = 177) employed the critical incident technique to assess responses to offenses committed by a coworker; study 2 (n = 298) conducted a field study of working professionals to evaluate responses to offenses committed by a supervisor. Within both coworker and supervisor-subordinate relationships, those who identify with the relational other are more likely to forgive. Forgiveness facilitates relationship resilience such that the relationship becomes stronger than it was prior to the offense. We suggest that understanding the influence of relational identification and forgiveness on relationship resilience may be a key to unlocking stronger workplace relationships that become increasingly resistant to the negative effects of workplace offenses. Knowing that offenses can serve as an impetus toward stronger relationships (rather than a thrust toward impoverished relationships) is essential in dynamic work environments where offenses are inevitable. We examined how relationships that endure relational adversity well become stronger as a result of forgiveness. We replicated and extended our findings across methods and contexts, demonstrating the pervasiveness of the proposed relationships.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., & Langston, C. A. (1998). Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close relationships. Journal of Social and Psychological Psychology, 74, 939–954. Agnew, C. R., Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., & Langston, C. A. (1998). Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close relationships. Journal of Social and Psychological Psychology, 74, 939–954.
Zurück zum Zitat Anderson, J., & Gerbing, D. (1991). Predicting the performance of measures in a confirmatory factor analysis with a pretest assessment of their substantive validities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(5), 732–740.CrossRef Anderson, J., & Gerbing, D. (1991). Predicting the performance of measures in a confirmatory factor analysis with a pretest assessment of their substantive validities. Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(5), 732–740.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aquino, K., Grover, S. L., Goldman, B., & Folger, R. (2003). When push doesn’t come to shove: Interpersonal forgiveness in workplace relationships. Journal of Management Inquiry, 12, 209–216.CrossRef Aquino, K., Grover, S. L., Goldman, B., & Folger, R. (2003). When push doesn’t come to shove: Interpersonal forgiveness in workplace relationships. Journal of Management Inquiry, 12, 209–216.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Aquino, K., Tripp, T. M., & Bies, R. J. (2001). How employees respond to personal offense: The effects of blame attribution, victim status, and offender status on revenge and reconciliation in the workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 52–59.CrossRefPubMed Aquino, K., Tripp, T. M., & Bies, R. J. (2001). How employees respond to personal offense: The effects of blame attribution, victim status, and offender status on revenge and reconciliation in the workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86, 52–59.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Aquino, K., Tripp, T. M., & Bies, R. J. (2006). Getting even or moving on? Power, procedural justice, and types of offense as predictors of revenge, forgiveness, reconciliation, and avoidance in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 653–668.CrossRefPubMed Aquino, K., Tripp, T. M., & Bies, R. J. (2006). Getting even or moving on? Power, procedural justice, and types of offense as predictors of revenge, forgiveness, reconciliation, and avoidance in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(3), 653–668.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Aron, A., & Aron, E. (2000). Self-expansion motivation and including other in the self. In W. Ickes & S. Duck (Eds.), The social psychology of personal relationships (pp. 109–128). New York: Wiley. Aron, A., & Aron, E. (2000). Self-expansion motivation and including other in the self. In W. Ickes & S. Duck (Eds.), The social psychology of personal relationships (pp. 109–128). New York: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Social and Psychological Psychology, 63, 596–612. Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Social and Psychological Psychology, 63, 596–612.
Zurück zum Zitat Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 60, 241–253.CrossRef Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 60, 241–253.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14, 20–39.CrossRef Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. (1989). Social identity theory and the organization. Academy of Management Review, 14, 20–39.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bar-Elli, G., & Heyd, D. (1986). Can revenge be just or otherwise be justified. Theoria, 52, 65–86. Bar-Elli, G., & Heyd, D. (1986). Can revenge be just or otherwise be justified. Theoria, 52, 65–86.
Zurück zum Zitat Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349–361.CrossRefPubMed Block, J., & Kremen, A. M. (1996). IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349–361.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the origination of behavior. In W. A. Collings (Ed.), The Minnesota symposia on child psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39–101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Block, J. H., & Block, J. (1980). The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the origination of behavior. In W. A. Collings (Ed.), The Minnesota symposia on child psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 39–101). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Zurück zum Zitat Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this “we”?: Levels of collective identity and self-representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), 83–93.CrossRef Brewer, M. B., & Gardner, W. (1996). Who is this “we”?: Levels of collective identity and self-representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(1), 83–93.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brief, A. P., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1986). Prosocial organizational behavior. Academy of Management Review, 11, 710–725.CrossRef Brief, A. P., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1986). Prosocial organizational behavior. Academy of Management Review, 11, 710–725.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bright, D. S., & Exline, J. J. (2012). Forgiveness at four levels: Intrapersonal, relational, organizational and collective-group. In K. Cameron & G. Spreitzer (Eds.), Handbook of positive organizational scholarship (pp. 244–259). New York: Oxford University Press. Bright, D. S., & Exline, J. J. (2012). Forgiveness at four levels: Intrapersonal, relational, organizational and collective-group. In K. Cameron & G. Spreitzer (Eds.), Handbook of positive organizational scholarship (pp. 244–259). New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Bright, D. S., Fry, R. E., & Cooperrider, D. L. (2006). Forgiveness from the perspectives of three response modes: Begrudgement, pragmatism, and transcendence. Journal of Management, Spirituality, and Religion, 3, 78–99.CrossRef Bright, D. S., Fry, R. E., & Cooperrider, D. L. (2006). Forgiveness from the perspectives of three response modes: Begrudgement, pragmatism, and transcendence. Journal of Management, Spirituality, and Religion, 3, 78–99.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carmeli, A., Brueller, D., & Dutton, J. (2009). Learning behaviours in the workplace: The role of high-quality interpersonal relationships and psychological safety. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 26(1), 81–98.CrossRef Carmeli, A., Brueller, D., & Dutton, J. (2009). Learning behaviours in the workplace: The role of high-quality interpersonal relationships and psychological safety. Systems Research and Behavioral Science, 26(1), 81–98.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Caza, B. B., & Milton, L. P. (2012). Resilience at work: Building capability in the face of adversity. In K. S. Cameron & G. Spreitzer (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship (pp. 895–908). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Caza, B. B., & Milton, L. P. (2012). Resilience at work: Building capability in the face of adversity. In K. S. Cameron & G. Spreitzer (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship (pp. 895–908). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Cialdini, R. B., Brown, S. L., Lewis, B. P., Luce, C., & Neuberg, S. L. (1997). Reinterpreting the empathy–altruism relationship: When one into one equals oneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 481–494.CrossRefPubMed Cialdini, R. B., Brown, S. L., Lewis, B. P., Luce, C., & Neuberg, S. L. (1997). Reinterpreting the empathy–altruism relationship: When one into one equals oneness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 481–494.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Cooper, D., & Thatcher, S. (2010). Identification in organizations: The role of self-concept orientations and identification motives. Academy of Management Review, 35, 516–538. Cooper, D., & Thatcher, S. (2010). Identification in organizations: The role of self-concept orientations and identification motives. Academy of Management Review, 35, 516–538.
Zurück zum Zitat Dutton, J. E., & Heaphy, E. D. (2003). The power of high-quality relationships at work. In K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship (pp. 263–278). San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Dutton, J. E., & Heaphy, E. D. (2003). The power of high-quality relationships at work. In K. S. Cameron, J. E. Dutton, & R. E. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship (pp. 263–278). San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Zurück zum Zitat Dutton, J. E., & Ragins, B. R. (2007). Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Dutton, J. E., & Ragins, B. R. (2007). Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Zurück zum Zitat Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350–383.CrossRef Edmondson, A. C. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 350–383.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2000). Helping clients forgive: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef Enright, R. D., & Fitzgibbons, R. P. (2000). Helping clients forgive: An empirical guide for resolving anger and restoring hope. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Enright, R. D., & The Human Development Study Group. (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewritz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development (pp. 123–152). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Enright, R. D., & The Human Development Study Group. (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewritz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development (pp. 123–152). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Zurück zum Zitat Fehr, R., Gelfand, M., & Nag, M. (2010). The road to forgiveness: A meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositional correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 894–914.CrossRefPubMed Fehr, R., Gelfand, M., & Nag, M. (2010). The road to forgiveness: A meta-analytic synthesis of its situational and dispositional correlates. Psychological Bulletin, 136(5), 894–914.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Finkenauer, C., Wijngaards-de Meij, L., Reis, H. T., & Rusbult, C. E. (2010). The importance of seeing what is not there: A quasi-signal detection analysis of positive and negative behavior in newlywed couples. Personal Relationships, 17, 615–633.CrossRef Finkenauer, C., Wijngaards-de Meij, L., Reis, H. T., & Rusbult, C. E. (2010). The importance of seeing what is not there: A quasi-signal detection analysis of positive and negative behavior in newlywed couples. Personal Relationships, 17, 615–633.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fitzgibbons, R. P. (1986). The cognitive and emotive uses for forgiveness in the treatment of anger. Psychotherapy, 23, 629–633.CrossRef Fitzgibbons, R. P. (1986). The cognitive and emotive uses for forgiveness in the treatment of anger. Psychotherapy, 23, 629–633.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Flanagan, J. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51(4), 327–358.CrossRefPubMed Flanagan, J. (1954). The critical incident technique. Psychological Bulletin, 51(4), 327–358.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Freedman, S., Enright, R. D., & Knutson, J. (2005). A progress report on the process model of forgiveness. In E. L. Worthington Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 393–395). New York: Brunner-Routledge. Freedman, S., Enright, R. D., & Knutson, J. (2005). A progress report on the process model of forgiveness. In E. L. Worthington Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 393–395). New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghiselli, E. E., Campbell, J. P., & Zedeck, S. (1981). Measurement theory for the behavioral sciences. San Francisco, CA: Freeman & Company. Ghiselli, E. E., Campbell, J. P., & Zedeck, S. (1981). Measurement theory for the behavioral sciences. San Francisco, CA: Freeman & Company.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodman, J. S., & Blum, T. C. (1996). Assessing the non-random sampling effects of subject attrition in longitudinal research. Journal of Management, 22, 627–652.CrossRef Goodman, J. S., & Blum, T. C. (1996). Assessing the non-random sampling effects of subject attrition in longitudinal research. Journal of Management, 22, 627–652.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Grant, A. M., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). Role expansion as a persuasion process: The interpersonal influence dynamics of role redefinition. Organizational Psychology Review, 1, 9–31.CrossRef Grant, A. M., & Hofmann, D. A. (2011). Role expansion as a persuasion process: The interpersonal influence dynamics of role redefinition. Organizational Psychology Review, 1, 9–31.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Haidt, J. (2003). The moral emotions. In R. J. Davidson, K. R. Scherer, & H. H. Goldsmith (Eds.), Handbook of affective sciences (pp. 852–870). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Hargrave, T. D. (1994). Families and forgiveness: A theoretical and therapeutic framework. The Family Journal, 2, 339–348.CrossRef Hargrave, T. D. (1994). Families and forgiveness: A theoretical and therapeutic framework. The Family Journal, 2, 339–348.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Haslam, S., Jetten, J., & Waghorn, C. (2009). Social identification, stress and citizenship in teams: A five-phase longitudinal study. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 25(1), 21–30.CrossRef Haslam, S., Jetten, J., & Waghorn, C. (2009). Social identification, stress and citizenship in teams: A five-phase longitudinal study. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 25(1), 21–30.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Haslam, S., & Reicher, S. (2006). Stressing the group: Social identity and the unfolding dynamics of responses to stress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1037–1052.CrossRefPubMed Haslam, S., & Reicher, S. (2006). Stressing the group: Social identity and the unfolding dynamics of responses to stress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1037–1052.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hinkin, T. R. (1998). A brief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. Organizational Research Methods, 1, 104–121.CrossRef Hinkin, T. R. (1998). A brief tutorial on the development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. Organizational Research Methods, 1, 104–121.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hogg, M. A. (2001). A social identity theory of leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 184–200.CrossRef Hogg, M. A. (2001). A social identity theory of leadership. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 5, 184–200.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.CrossRef Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hughes, E. C. (1950). Work and the self. In J. H. Rohrer & M. Sherif (Eds.), Social psychology at the crossroads (pp. 313–323). New York: Harper. Hughes, E. C. (1950). Work and the self. In J. H. Rohrer & M. Sherif (Eds.), Social psychology at the crossroads (pp. 313–323). New York: Harper.
Zurück zum Zitat Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692–724. Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 692–724.
Zurück zum Zitat Karremans, J. C., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2004). Back to caring after being hurt: The role of forgiveness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 207–227.CrossRef Karremans, J. C., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2004). Back to caring after being hurt: The role of forgiveness. European Journal of Social Psychology, 34, 207–227.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Karremans, J. C., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2005). Does activating justice help or hurt in promoting forgiveness? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 290–297.CrossRef Karremans, J. C., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2005). Does activating justice help or hurt in promoting forgiveness? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 41, 290–297.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Karremans, J. C., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2007). The role of forgiveness in shifting from “me” to “we”. Self and Identity, 7(1), 75–88.CrossRef Karremans, J. C., & Van Lange, P. A. M. (2007). The role of forgiveness in shifting from “me” to “we”. Self and Identity, 7(1), 75–88.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lewicki, R. J., & Bunker, B. B. (1996). Developing and maintaining trust in work relationships. Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research, 114, 139. Lewicki, R. J., & Bunker, B. B. (1996). Developing and maintaining trust in work relationships. Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research, 114, 139.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewicki, R. J., & Wiethoff, C. (2000). Trust, trust development, and trust repair. In M. Deutsch & P. T. Coleman (Eds.), The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice (pp. 86–107). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Lewicki, R. J., & Wiethoff, C. (2000). Trust, trust development, and trust repair. In M. Deutsch & P. T. Coleman (Eds.), The handbook of conflict resolution: Theory and practice (pp. 86–107). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Zurück zum Zitat Losada, M., & Heaphy, E. (2004). The role of positivity and negativity in the performance of business teams. The American Behavioral Scientist, 47, 740–765.CrossRef Losada, M., & Heaphy, E. (2004). The role of positivity and negativity in the performance of business teams. The American Behavioral Scientist, 47, 740–765.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130–149.CrossRef MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130–149.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods., 4, 84–99.CrossRef MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods., 4, 84–99.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Marongui, P., & Newman, G. (1987). Vengence: The fight against injustice. New Jersey: Roman and Littletield. Marongui, P., & Newman, G. (1987). Vengence: The fight against injustice. New Jersey: Roman and Littletield.
Zurück zum Zitat Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 53, 227–238.CrossRef Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 53, 227–238.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 74–88). New York: Oxford University Press. Masten, A. S., & Reed, M. J. (2002). Resilience in development. In C. R. Snyder & S. J. Lopez (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology (pp. 74–88). New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20, 709–734.CrossRef Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20, 709–734.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McCullough, M. E., Fincham, F. D., & Tsang, J. A. (2003). Forgiveness, forbearance, and time: The temporal unfolding of transgression-related interpersonal motivations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 540–557.CrossRefPubMed McCullough, M. E., Fincham, F. D., & Tsang, J. A. (2003). Forgiveness, forbearance, and time: The temporal unfolding of transgression-related interpersonal motivations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 540–557.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington Jr., E. L., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1586–1603.CrossRefPubMed McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington Jr., E. L., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships: II. Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1586–1603.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat McCullough, M. E., Root, L. M., & Cohen, A. D. (2006). Writing about the personal benefits of a transgression facilitates forgiveness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 887–897.CrossRefPubMed McCullough, M. E., Root, L. M., & Cohen, A. D. (2006). Writing about the personal benefits of a transgression facilitates forgiveness. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 887–897.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat McCullough, M. E., Worthington Jr., E. L., & Rachal, K. C. (1997). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321–336.CrossRefPubMed McCullough, M. E., Worthington Jr., E. L., & Rachal, K. C. (1997). Interpersonal forgiving in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73, 321–336.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Miller, V. D., Allen, M., Casey, M. K., & Johnson, J. R. (2000). Reconsidering the organizational identification questionnaire. Management Communication Quarterly, 13, 626–658.CrossRef Miller, V. D., Allen, M., Casey, M. K., & Johnson, J. R. (2000). Reconsidering the organizational identification questionnaire. Management Communication Quarterly, 13, 626–658.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mitchell, T. R., & James, L. R. (2001). Building better theory: Time and the specification of when things happen. Academy of Management Review, 26, 530–547.CrossRef Mitchell, T. R., & James, L. R. (2001). Building better theory: Time and the specification of when things happen. Academy of Management Review, 26, 530–547.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Paleari, F. G., Regalia, C., & Fincham, F. (2005). Marital quality, forgiveness, empathy, and rumination: A longitudinal analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 368–378.CrossRefPubMed Paleari, F. G., Regalia, C., & Fincham, F. (2005). Marital quality, forgiveness, empathy, and rumination: A longitudinal analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 368–378.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pettitt, G. A. (1987). Forgiveness: A teachable skill for creating and maintaining mental health. New Zealand Medical Journal, 100, 180–182.PubMed Pettitt, G. A. (1987). Forgiveness: A teachable skill for creating and maintaining mental health. New Zealand Medical Journal, 100, 180–182.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 69–82. Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 69–82.
Zurück zum Zitat Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, S., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.CrossRefPubMed Podsakoff, P., MacKenzie, S., Lee, J., & Podsakoff, N. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pollard, M. W., Anderson, R. A., Anderson, W. T., & Jennings, G. (1998). The development of a family forgiveness scale. Journal of Family Therapy, 20, 95–110.CrossRef Pollard, M. W., Anderson, R. A., Anderson, W. T., & Jennings, G. (1998). The development of a family forgiveness scale. Journal of Family Therapy, 20, 95–110.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pratt, M. G. (1998). To be or not to be? Central questions in organizational identification. In D. A. Whetten & P. C. Godfrey (Eds.), Identity in organizations: Building theory through conversations (pp. 171–207). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRef Pratt, M. G. (1998). To be or not to be? Central questions in organizational identification. In D. A. Whetten & P. C. Godfrey (Eds.), Identity in organizations: Building theory through conversations (pp. 171–207). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Pratt, M. G., & Dirks, K. T. (2007). Rebuilding trust and restoring positive relationships: A commitment-based view of trust. In J. E. Dutton & B. R. Ragins (Eds.), Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation (pp. 117–136). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Pratt, M. G., & Dirks, K. T. (2007). Rebuilding trust and restoring positive relationships: A commitment-based view of trust. In J. E. Dutton & B. R. Ragins (Eds.), Exploring positive relationships at work: Building a theoretical and research foundation (pp. 117–136). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Zurück zum Zitat Ren, H., & Gray, B. (2009). Repairing relationship conflict: How violation types and culture influence the effectiveness of restoration rituals. Academy of Management Review, 34, 105–126.CrossRef Ren, H., & Gray, B. (2009). Repairing relationship conflict: How violation types and culture influence the effectiveness of restoration rituals. Academy of Management Review, 34, 105–126.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Riketta, M., & van Dick, R. (2005). Foci of attachment in organizations: A meta-analytic comparison of the strength and correlates of workgroup versus organizational identification and commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(3), 490–510.CrossRef Riketta, M., & van Dick, R. (2005). Foci of attachment in organizations: A meta-analytic comparison of the strength and correlates of workgroup versus organizational identification and commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(3), 490–510.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rusbult, C., & Lowery, D. (1985). When bureaucrats get the blues: Responses to dissatisfaction among federal employees. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15(1), 80–103.CrossRef Rusbult, C., & Lowery, D. (1985). When bureaucrats get the blues: Responses to dissatisfaction among federal employees. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 15(1), 80–103.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rusbult, C. E. (1987). Responses to dissatisfaction in close relationships: The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect model. In D. Perlman & S. Duck (Eds.), Intimate relationships: Development, dynamics, and deterioration (pp. 209–237). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Rusbult, C. E. (1987). Responses to dissatisfaction in close relationships: The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect model. In D. Perlman & S. Duck (Eds.), Intimate relationships: Development, dynamics, and deterioration (pp. 209–237). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Zurück zum Zitat Rusbult, C. E., Hannon, P. A., Stocker, S. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2005). Forgiveness and relationship repair. In E. L. Worthington Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 185–206). New York: Brunner-Routledge. Rusbult, C. E., Hannon, P. A., Stocker, S. L., & Finkel, E. J. (2005). Forgiveness and relationship repair. In E. L. Worthington Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 185–206). New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Rusbult, C. E., Verette, J., Whitney, G. A., Slovik, L. F., & Lipkus, I. (1991). Accommodation processes in close relationships: Theory and preliminary empirical evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 53–78.CrossRef Rusbult, C. E., Verette, J., Whitney, G. A., Slovik, L. F., & Lipkus, I. (1991). Accommodation processes in close relationships: Theory and preliminary empirical evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 53–78.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sampson, E. E. (1993). Celebrating the other: A dialogical account of human nature. Boulder, CO: Westview. Sampson, E. E. (1993). Celebrating the other: A dialogical account of human nature. Boulder, CO: Westview.
Zurück zum Zitat Schweitzer, M. E., Hershey, J. C., & Bradlow, E. T. (2006). Promises and lies: Restoring violated trust. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101(1), 1–19.CrossRef Schweitzer, M. E., Hershey, J. C., & Bradlow, E. T. (2006). Promises and lies: Restoring violated trust. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101(1), 1–19.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2001). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2001). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Zurück zum Zitat Shriver Jr., D. W. (1995). An ethic for enemies: Forgiveness in politics. New York: Oxford University Press. Shriver Jr., D. W. (1995). An ethic for enemies: Forgiveness in politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Simmel, G. (1969). Sociology of the senses: Visual interaction. In R. E. Park & E. W. Burgess (Eds.), Introduction to the science of sociology (pp. 356–361). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Simmel, G. (1969). Sociology of the senses: Visual interaction. In R. E. Park & E. W. Burgess (Eds.), Introduction to the science of sociology (pp. 356–361). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Skinner, E. A., Edge, K., Altman, J., & Sherwood, H. (2003). Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 216–269.CrossRefPubMed Skinner, E. A., Edge, K., Altman, J., & Sherwood, H. (2003). Searching for the structure of coping: A review and critique of category systems for classifying ways of coping. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 216–269.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Sluss, D. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (2007). Relational identity and identification: Defining ourselves through work relationships. Academy of Management Review, 32, 9–32.CrossRef Sluss, D. M., & Ashforth, B. E. (2007). Relational identity and identification: Defining ourselves through work relationships. Academy of Management Review, 32, 9–32.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sluss, D. M., Ployhart, R. E., Cobb, M. G., & Ashforth, B. E. (2012). Generalizing newcomer’s relational and organizational identifications: Processes and prototypicality. Academy of Management Journal, 55, 949–975.CrossRef Sluss, D. M., Ployhart, R. E., Cobb, M. G., & Ashforth, B. E. (2012). Generalizing newcomer’s relational and organizational identifications: Processes and prototypicality. Academy of Management Journal, 55, 949–975.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Spector, P. E. (2006). Method variance in organizational research: Truth or urban legend? Organizational Research Methods, 9, 221–232.CrossRef Spector, P. E. (2006). Method variance in organizational research: Truth or urban legend? Organizational Research Methods, 9, 221–232.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Spreitzer, G., Sutcliffe, K., Dutton, J., Sonenshein, S., & Grant, A. (2005). A socially embedded model of thriving at work. Organization Science, 16, 537–549.CrossRef Spreitzer, G., Sutcliffe, K., Dutton, J., Sonenshein, S., & Grant, A. (2005). A socially embedded model of thriving at work. Organization Science, 16, 537–549.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Stuckless, N., & Goranson, R. (1992). The vengeance scale: Development of a measure of attitudes toward revenge. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 7, 25–42. Stuckless, N., & Goranson, R. (1992). The vengeance scale: Development of a measure of attitudes toward revenge. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 7, 25–42.
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson, B. S., & Ravlin, E. C. (2016). Protective factors and risk factors: Shaping the emergence of dyadic resilience at work. Organizational Psychology Review., 1–28. Thompson, B. S., & Ravlin, E. C. (2016). Protective factors and risk factors: Shaping the emergence of dyadic resilience at work. Organizational Psychology Review., 1–28.
Zurück zum Zitat Tomlinson, E., & Mayer, R. C. (2009). The role of causal attribution dimensions in trust repair. Academy of Management Review, 34, 85–104.CrossRef Tomlinson, E., & Mayer, R. C. (2009). The role of causal attribution dimensions in trust repair. Academy of Management Review, 34, 85–104.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tomlinson, E., Dineen, B., & Lewicki, R. (2004). The road to reconciliation: Antecedents of victim willingness to reconcile following a broken promise. Journal of Management, 30, 165–188. Tomlinson, E., Dineen, B., & Lewicki, R. (2004). The road to reconciliation: Antecedents of victim willingness to reconcile following a broken promise. Journal of Management, 30, 165–188.
Zurück zum Zitat Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 320–333.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Tugade, M. M., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2004). Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86, 320–333.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat van Knippenberg, D., & van Schie, E. (2000). Foci and correlates of organizational identification. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 73(2), 137–147.CrossRef van Knippenberg, D., & van Schie, E. (2000). Foci and correlates of organizational identification. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 73(2), 137–147.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriaga, X. B., Witcher, B. S., & Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1373–1395.CrossRefPubMed Van Lange, P. A. M., Rusbult, C. E., Drigotas, S. M., Arriaga, X. B., Witcher, B. S., & Cox, C. L. (1997). Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 1373–1395.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Walsh, K., Bartunek, J. M., & Lacey, C. A. (1998). A relational approach to empowerment. In D. Rousseau & G. Cooper (Eds.), Trends in organizational behavior (Vol. 5, pp. 103–126). New York: Wiley. Walsh, K., Bartunek, J. M., & Lacey, C. A. (1998). A relational approach to empowerment. In D. Rousseau & G. Cooper (Eds.), Trends in organizational behavior (Vol. 5, pp. 103–126). New York: Wiley.
Zurück zum Zitat Watson, D., Clark, A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.CrossRefPubMed Watson, D., Clark, A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 1063–1070.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Witvliet, C. V. O., Worthington, E. L., Root, L. M., Sato, A. F., Ludwig, T. E., & Exline, J. J. (2008). Retributive justice, restorative justice, and forgiveness: An experimental psychophysiology analysis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 10–25.CrossRef Witvliet, C. V. O., Worthington, E. L., Root, L. M., Sato, A. F., Ludwig, T. E., & Exline, J. J. (2008). Retributive justice, restorative justice, and forgiveness: An experimental psychophysiology analysis. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 10–25.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Worthington Jr., E. L., & Scherer, M. (2004). Forgiveness is an emption-focused coping strategy that can reduce health risks and promote health resilience: Theory, review, and hypotheses. Psychology and Health, 19, 385–405.CrossRef Worthington Jr., E. L., & Scherer, M. (2004). Forgiveness is an emption-focused coping strategy that can reduce health risks and promote health resilience: Theory, review, and hypotheses. Psychology and Health, 19, 385–405.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wrzesniewski, A., Dutton, J. E., & Debebe, G. (2003). Interpersonal sensemaking and the meaning of work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 93–135.CrossRef Wrzesniewski, A., Dutton, J. E., & Debebe, G. (2003). Interpersonal sensemaking and the meaning of work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, 93–135.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ysseldyk, R., & Wohl, M. J. A. (2012). I forgive therefore I’m committed: A longitudinal examination of commitment after a romantic relationship transgression. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 44, 257–263.CrossRef Ysseldyk, R., & Wohl, M. J. A. (2012). I forgive therefore I’m committed: A longitudinal examination of commitment after a romantic relationship transgression. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 44, 257–263.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Relational Identification and Forgiveness: Facilitating Relationship Resilience
verfasst von
Bryant S. Thompson
M. Audrey Korsgaard
Publikationsdatum
19.02.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Business and Psychology / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 0889-3268
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-353X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-018-9533-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2019

Journal of Business and Psychology 2/2019 Zur Ausgabe