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Mobile Networks and Applications
Erschienen in: Mobile Networks and Applications 1/2022

22.01.2021

Reporting Mechanisms for Internet of Things

verfasst von: Chia-Wei Chang, Yi-Bing Lin, Jyh-Cheng Chen

Erschienen in: Mobile Networks and Applications | Ausgabe 1/2022

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Abstract

Energy saving is one of the most important issues for Internet of Things (IoT). An intuitive way to save energy of IoT devices is to reduce the reporting frequency to the IoT server. However, to do so, the time-variant values are distorted, which may be influential to the measured results. In this paper, we take PM2.5 application as an example to discuss the relation between energy efficiency and data accuracy. Through analyzing PM2.5 concentration collected via LoRa at National Chiao Tung University (NCTU) from 2016 to present, two reporting mechanisms based on timer and threshold, respectively, are proposed. The experimental results demonstrate that the threshold-based reporting outperforms the timer-based reporting by more than 37% in energy saving when the accuracies of these two reporting mechanisms are the same.
Vorheriger Artikel Routing and Wavelength Allotment for Exchanged Folded Hypercube Communications Embedded in Bus-Topology WDM Optical Networks
Nächster Artikel A Multi-Domain VNE Algorithm Based on Load Balancing in the IoT Networks

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Fußnoten
1
PM2.5 is the suspended particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter.
 
2
The maximum working power for PMS7003 is 100mA × 5V = 0.5W at most. The RF power with 20dBm for GL6509 is 0.45W. In other words, almost 50% of the device’s energy is consumed by the LoRa transmission.
 
3
The observation period lasted 4 months with 174,240 sampled data (121 days × 24 hours × 60 minutes). Figure 3 illustrates partial results.
 
4
Error reversal is defined as an incident where the reporting accuracy obtained by a smaller timer is worse than that by a larger timer.
 
5
Here, we only demonstrate the results where the packet loss probability is set to 0.5. The results with other packet loss probabilities are similar.
 
Literatur
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3GPP (2017) Introduction of NB-IoT, TS 36.201
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Chang C-W, Chen J-C (2017) UM paging: unified M2M paging with optimal DRX cycle. IEEE Trans Mobile Comput 16(3):886–900CrossRef
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Chang C-W (2016) Adjustable extended discontinuous reception (eDRX) Cycle For Idle-State Users in LTE-A. IEEE Commun Lett 20(11):2288–2291CrossRef
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Liu B, Yan S, Li J, Li Y (2016) Forecasting PM2.5 concentration using spatio-temporal extreme learning machine. In: Proc IEEE ICMLA, pp 950–953
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Tang M, Wu X, Agrawal P, Pongpaichet S, Jain R (2017) Integration of diverse data sources for spatial PM2.5 data interpolation. IEEE Trans Multimedia 19(2):408–417CrossRef
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Chang J-H, Tseng C-Y (2017) Analysis of correlation between secondary PM2.5 and factory pollution sources by using ANN and the correlation coefficient. IEEE Access 5:22812–22822CrossRef
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Kumar A, Kumar A, Singh A (2017) Energy efficient and low cost air quality sensor for smart buildings. In: Proc. IEEE CICT, pp 1–4
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NCTU PM2.5 Air Quality Monitoring Web Site of National Chiao Tung University, Note: administrators of this web site and project members can use passwords to log into the system to see historic and more detailed PM2.5 and LoRa loss rate measurement results. [Online]. Available: http://​pm25.​cs.​nctu.​edu.​tw
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Chen L-J, Ho Y-H, Lee H-C, Wu H-C, Liu H-M, Hsieh H-H, Huang Y-T, Lung S-CC (2017) An open framework for participatory PM2.5 monitoring in smart cities. IEEE Access 5:14441–14454CrossRef
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Higgins JR (1996) Sampling theory in fourier and signal analysis: foundations. Oxford Clarendon Press
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Wang S-Y, Chen Y-R, Chen T-Y, Chang C-H, Cheng Y-H, Hsu C-C, Lin Y-B (2017) Performance of LoRa-based IoT applications on campus. In: Proc. IEEE VTC-FALL, pp 24–27
Metadaten
Titel
Reporting Mechanisms for Internet of Things
verfasst von
Chia-Wei Chang
Yi-Bing Lin
Jyh-Cheng Chen
Publikationsdatum
22.01.2021
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Mobile Networks and Applications / Ausgabe 1/2022
Print ISSN: 1383-469X
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-8153
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-020-01713-1

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