Strategic Outlook for Innovative Work Behaviours

The ongoing discussion on the firm’s competitiveness requires to focus on environmental improvements. Thus, the development of eco-innovation projects has been recognized as an essential response of the firms to the pressure to diminish the impact on nature and society. The study aims to develop an approach to evaluate human-related factors affecting success of eco-innovation projects. The application of a multi-criteria decision-making and in particular the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method lets to disclose the main human-related factors. Meanwhile, an interval type 2 fuzzy DEMATEL revealed the cause and effect relations among the human-related factors. The results demonstrate that trust is the most important phenomenon among the human-related factors linked to the success of eco-innovation projects. On the other hand, the importance of leadership is relatively weak. Thus, the results suggest that eco-innovations increase the complexity of decisions and the traditional approaches to project management appear to be irrelevant. Moreover, the study revealed that communication and trust affect other human-related factors. These results are in particular relevant for managers responsible for eco-innovation projects. Moreover, the policymakers responsible for eco-innovation programs should focus on these aspects in developing training programs.

This study is aimed to determine the issues that affect customer satisfaction in mobile applications to airline companies. In this context, five of the largest airlines operating in Turkey (Turkish Airlines, Pegasus, Atlasjet, AnadoluJet, SunExpress) were included in the study. Customer reviews in the Apple Store application of these companies were provided. On the other hand, these comments were analysed by data mining method using KNIME program. Thus, the single word, binary word and triple word groups were determined the most in these comments. These words were then categorized according to their respective fields. As a result, it has been determined that customers pay attention to the functionality in mobile applications. In addition, technical competence ranks second among customer expectations. In this context, airlines need to offer different services in the online application in order to increase customer satisfaction. For this purpose, it is important that customers can access different issues such as purchasing tickets, choosing seats, different payment methods and obtaining tickets through mobile applications. This will both increase the satisfaction of the customers and increase the performance of the companies.

In the aftermath of global financial crisis, the early warning systems on state of economy become important. In order to understand the trend and structure of state of economy and sentiment of decision-makers, both academicians and professionals try to develop new tools. Economic policy uncertainty indices are popular examples of them. These indices are used in many academic papers and investor analysis in order to understand financial atmosphere. In this chapter, we review economic policy uncertainty indices from A to Z by focusing a specific original one and its financial impacts and performances on emerging market economies. As a result, by using panel VAR method, we find that economic policy uncertainty influences stock markets negatively, flattens the yield curve and depreciates the nominal currency.

The acceleration of technological advances has significantly improved sectoral efficiency and provided service providers the opportunity to produce an unprecedented variety of products and services. As a result, more supply has started to form in a growing number of sectors than demand. As the liberalization rate in trade increased with the influence of global organizations such as the World Trade Organization and regional organizations such as the European Union, the brand addiction and product price differences decreased, and the logic of monopoly began to disappear with the effective competition of those who challenged the markets and leading organizations. For this reason, although the importance of strategy and innovation is emphasized in the study, it focuses on the strategic importance and technological innovation capabilities of innovation, and criticisms are made in terms of strategic management.

This study focuses on a comparative quantitative analysis of medium-sized European cities with the aim of providing an accurate measure of their level of e-skills and technological infrastructure. In order to clarify the conceptual framework in which we move, the work notes the interconnection that is established between the different dimensions that determine the “smart” character of a city. Through a multidimensional approach, it has been possible to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the different urban environments and make proposals about the strategic priorities that should guide the business actors in their investments. From this awareness derives the ability of companies to innovate from a “smart” point of view the urban environment in which they operate, focusing on the sectors that most need to adapt to new needs. The proposed statistical analysis is at the same time a tool for analysis and guidance to facilitate the assumption by the actors of the business of successful strategic choices. From these arguments can also be inferred the regulatory approaches that governments should adopt in order to stimulate competition in the market. The method chosen to conduct the analysis is an aggregative partially non-compensatory method. The advantage of the method is to encourage the aggregation of variables belonging to different dimensions without creating a compensation between uneven values of the variables. Through the application of a specific penalty measure, the analysis is corrected in a non-distortive sense, better capturing the interdimensional differences that exist in different cities.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of technology-based renewable energy investments on macroeconomic stability. Within this framework, first of all, necessary information is given with respect to the types of renewable energy and their advantages. After that, the literature is reviewed so that the views of the researchers related to this topic can be defined. Moreover, an analysis is performed for MINT countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey). For this purpose, Pedroni panel cointegration analysis is taken into account. In this framework, economic growth and current account deficit are used regarding the macroeconomic stability. The findings indicate that there is a long-term relationship between renewable energy investment and economic growth. Another important conclusion is that renewable energy investment projects have a positive contribution to reduce current account deficit problem. It can be understood that renewable energy investments play a very key role to provide macroeconomic stability in the country. Hence, it is obvious that these projects should be supported by the states. In this context, there should be financial support by giving loans with low interest rates. Renewable energy investment projects need extensive technical knowledge. Therefore, another important incentive for this process can be the technological support. With the help of these supports, macroeconomic stability can be improved by using the energy which does not harm the environment.

The main assumptions of resource dependence theory are the environment, the limited and valuable resources required by the organization and also the uncertainties regarding the accessibility of these resources required by the organization. The second is that very few organizations are internally self-evident in the environment of environmental uncertainty. For this reason, organizations are in contact with other firms in order to manage their environmental uncertainties and to meet internal resource needs, which initiates the establishment of a relationship. In market conditions where the uncertainty of resources and resource concentration is high, the mutual relationships between the producers and suppliers may turn into mutual dependence in time. Organizations tend to increase the level of coordination and control process. Therefore, organizations seek opportunities to manage dependence by reducing uncertainties and managing dependencies consciously and linking with other organizations. This chapter focuses on the conceptual framework and development process of the resource dependence theory. In this context, the main variables and main components of the theory, integration with other prominent perspectives and the value of the various sources based on the study of the headings are examined.

This chapter presents a conceptual study of digital business governance with dynamic capabilities to understand relations with company growth and innovation. Information Technology (IT) governance is the main type of management structure in information systems (IS) and the IT field. However, digital transformation imposes a new way of structural consent with business processes. Each domain in businesses begins to implement its digital applications and platforms. IT governance and its framework are related to internal IT management, auditing, and regulations. At the same time, previous literature does not have enough studies for digital business governance with dynamic capabilities. Also, IT governance and its framework are not enough to respond to digital transformation needs for each business domain. Therefore, this study examines digital business governance with dynamic capabilities and proposes a structural model to resolve alignment issues across business domains. In order to understand the current settings, secondary data is collected from 620 companies that are registered in the Turkish capital market to see how corporates keep IS/IT and digital governance in their board of directors. The result shows that only 42 out of 620 companies have IS/IT governance and less digital business governance structure. Furthermore, digital leadership role importance is addressed to have effective and efficient digital business governance. Conceptual analysis of this chapter with its proposed model contributes to a need for hybrid digital business governance with dynamic digital capabilities to have sustainable growth and innovation.

In modern business life, women cannot be adequately represented in business life, and in many cultures, male domination in the business environment continues without question. The negative impact of this male-dominated work environment on women may create expectations of solidarity among women workers and more supportive attitudes towards each other, but in practice these expectations may not always be met. Many women even claim that they are excluded or not supported and even prevented by working women managers. In queen bee syndrome, it was argued that female managers preferred to stay away from and support their female subordinates, in order to suppress the feelings of inadequacy and exclusion exposed on them by male employees because of their gender. Thus, it is argued that they believe that they will avoid being an ordinary member of their social group and try to create the perception that they do not have the characteristics of this disadvantaged group. However, their inclination to distance themselves from their subordinates often creates an unfavourable environment, which may lead to high levels of turnover intentions on the side of their subordinates. In this study, by a field research conducted on Turkish white-collar women workers, we investigated the possible effects of queen bee syndrome on turnover intentions. Results were analyzed in SPSS 20 and analyzes confirmed the above-mentioned hypothesis.

This study is essentially about examining empirical studies on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and financial performance, and ethical grounding of CSR practices in business world. Actually, there are two basic approaches to the social responsibilities of corporations. On the one hand, the understanding that evaluates the business only in technical and economic terms, on the other hand, it is the vision that emphasizes the ‘Social’ dimension of the business. The latter, CSR approach is mainly based on managing the economic activities of the enterprise without harming the interests of the ‘whole society’. Interestingly, there are studies showing that social policies increase financial resources and increased FP’s provide more social benefits, as well as studies reaching the finding that corporations would generally not prefer social responsibility activities when financial losses are high. Although investing in social responsibility projects does not always bring profitability in the short term, it certainly provides both business profitability and social benefits in the long term. The important highlight from the studies is; corporations should act in a sustainable way of doing business by adapting to new conditions in a sensitive manner to human, society and environment with the understanding of CSR based on stakeholder theory. Lastly, the study will be concluded by evaluating the importance of moral values and social responsibility approach in terms of a sustainable socio-ecological business model.

Financial institutions play a very important role for the national economy. These institutions bring together those who have surplus funds in the country and those who need funds. In this way, those who have surplus funds get interest income. In addition to the aforementioned issues, individuals and companies in need of funds can easily meet these needs through financial institutions. As can be seen, financial institutions both increase the speed of trade in the country and contribute to the increase of investments. This is an important factor in the economic growth of countries. As a result, financial institutions are vital to ensuring the sustainable growth of countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of employee quality on financial performance of companies. In this context, the literature is examined in detail. As a result of the examinations obtained, it was determined how the employees can affect the performance of banks. On the other hand, how banks can improve their financial performance is stated.

In this study, the development of innovative business behaviour on a company basis has been examined over the years. The first industrial revolution started with the use of steam engines in England. The most important effect of this process on business behaviour is the transition to mass production. To meet the product demands of the growing population, a lot of production was needed in a short time. In addition to the mentioned issue, the second industrial revolution started in the United States. The most important issue in this revolution is the production with the help of electrical energy. This contributed to increasing the production volume. On the other hand, computer and internet concepts have an important role in the third industrial revolution. This has enabled the trade volume to increase. In addition, robot technology came to the fore in the fourth industrial revolution. In this process, many stages in the production process are performed by machines instead of manpower. As can be seen from above, technological developments play an important role in the formation of industrial revolutions. This situation has very important effects on the business behaviour of companies.

Socio-economic traumas due to civil wars, terror attacks, climate change and regional instability accelerate the migration in the world. Particularly with the efforts of manipulation of populist and radical right politicians, it is getting common to see migrants as a source of problems. The more international migration living in the country adapt to the employment, business sectors and labour market, the more successful they can be in social cohesion. Thus, applying a policy of open gate, receiving countries need to consider the issue of migration in terms of both economy and humanity. International migration can contribute to innovation, business environment, patents and economic growth. Migrants increase the ethnic and cultural diversity where they settle. Is international migration a burden on the consumer price index, competition on the business environment, unemployment and public finances in the states? This chapter will examine the impact of migration in developing and developed countries, economic growth, unemployment, competition on business sector and consumer price indices, and the need for migration in consideration of countries’ ageing population.

This study examines the determinants of working capital management (WCM) of listed manufacturing firms in Ghana under innovative work behaviour perspective. The generalized method of moments (GMM) is applied on firm-level and macroeconomic data spanning 2007–2016. The empirical findings reveal that manufacturing firms working capital management is significantly driven by profitability, operating cycle, growth opportunities, leverage, and firm size. On the other hand, firm age and GDP growth (a proxy of economic activity) do not influence working capital requirement. The findings present new evidence for finance managers of manufacturing firms to better understand the key internal and external factors influencing working capital behaviour so as to make prudent decisions regarding the level of working capital to maintain efficient operations.

It is observed that negative approaches in organizational functioning and attitudes towards work have recently become increasingly common. Such developments weaken employees’ feelings of commitment and dedication to the organization and work. To improve the organizational commitment and dedication of the employees, first, the causes of emotions that inhibit these emotions and solution methods to eliminate alienation to work should be analyzed. In this study, anti-productivity behaviours, their causes, factors that influence the formation of organizational trust and commitment, and the relations between anti-productivity behaviours will be evaluated.

Being responsive to customer demand is key to business success in supply chains, due to intensive competition between companies and uncertainty of dynamic market conditions. Rapid changes in manufacturing and information technology enable companies to serve customers better, while forcing them to be more responsive and precise in demand management. This chapter focuses on understanding, forecasting, and managing customer demand as a competitive edge in business life. Traditional forecasting techniques such as moving averages, exponential smoothing, or trend projection are moved to a next level by gathering as much customer data as possible. By analyzing this big data with the help of advanced techniques such as machine learning and data mining, it may be possible to turn signals from customers expressing their needs, expectations, and complaints into an accurate and precise forecast of future demand.

Like any goods or services intellectual property (IP) has its own demand and supply functions and therefore it has a price. Individuals, firms or governments of the countries are the buyers and or sellers of IP. Doing Research and Development (R&D) activity is one of such purposes of buying and selling IP in the sense that R&D activity generates new innovations that seek patent rights on this IP and at the same time R&D activity requires other industries/sectors’ IP rights for further innovation. Hence, income and expenditure on the buying and selling of IP becomes a crucial determinant to the R&D activity. The present chapter thus tries to examine the interplays between R&D activity and net receipts on the uses of IP rights for the world’s different income groups in independent and panel formats for the period 1994–2018. It reveals that there are no equilibrium relationships between R&D activity and net receipts on the uses of IP rights for the individual groups, even for the world level. But exercise on the panel of the groups it observes long run associations between R&D activity and net receipts on the uses of IP rights which means both the indicators are complementary to each other in the long run time frame. Besides the long-run and short-run causality results show that R&D activity is one of the influential factors to the net receipts on the uses of IP rights.

This chapter seeks to better understand the way middle managers contribute strategically to the development of an organization by examining how they enact the strategic roles allocated to them, with particular reference to strategic change. Based on the current research of the authors, mid-level managers and the roles of mid-level managers are discussed and their contributions to strategic change are presented. In the context of ongoing discussions and propositions, the chapter shows how middle managers knowledgeably enact strategic roles, strategic sense-making, discursive skills, and leadership activities by drawing on contextually relevant verbal, symbolic, and sociocultural systems, to allow them to draw people from different organizational levels into the change as they go about their day-to-day work.

In today’s world, marketing activities of organizations through social media have become extremely important. While earlier marketing campaigns of organizations were provided through television advertisements and posters, nowadays, marketing campaigns on social media have been included in these fields. These marketing activities differ between sectors. Therefore, each organization has developed its own digital marketing strategy and reflected it to its customers (or potential customers). In line with the developing information and communication technologies, the volume of banking transactions has grown considerably. Following these developments within the banks, the importance of marketing strategies over social media has increased. This chapter focuses on the Turkish banking sector and uses the official Twitter accounts of major banks in Turkey as independent variable, and uses the interactions with the banks and their customers as dependent variable, while aiming to find out strategies that banks secretly employ to increase their awareness on their customers and in the market. For this purpose, a text mining study was conducted using the tweets posted by the related banks. The headings generated by data such as the keywords used in banks’ tweets, word sequences in tweets and the positions of words in tweets and usage repetitions, in general, were evaluated in the analysis. By analyzing the differences between digital marketing strategies and determining the best and worst strategies by analyzing their interactions on consumers, the reasons were found.

Developments in foreign exchange rates are important for the functioning of financial markets. Uncertainties and fluctuations in exchange rates negatively affect financial markets, thus cause unexpected sudden changes related to stock market prices and returns. In this chapter, exchange rate interactions and the stock markets in Mexico and Turkey are examined from the period 2008–2017. Monthly data is used in the study and the multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic (MGARCH) method is used as the econometric method. Obtained the findings in this study showed that there exists an interaction between stock markets and the exchange rates, both in Mexico and in Turkey, from 2008 to 2017. Accordingly, in both countries, exchange rate volatility has been found to be very effective on the stock market returns. We conclude that only the performance of listed companies is not enough to increase the value, but companies should follow the exchange rate market and plan the human resources properly with innovative working behaviour. Departments of risk management and auditing are critical parts of an organization with qualified employees who have a global perspective.