Studies of structural, dielectric and electrical characteristics of BaTiO₃–BiFeO₃–CaSnO₃ electronic system

The polycrystalline sample of CaSnO₃ modified BiFeO₃–BaTiO₃ with a composition 0.85BaTiO₃–0.1BiFeO₃–0.05CaSnO₃ (hereafter BTO–BFO–CSO-5) was fabricated by a cost effective ceramic technology. The crystal system and unit cell dimensions of the prepared system were obtained by analyzing the room temperature X-ray spectra or pattern, and found to be an orthorhombic phase. The scanning electron micrograph shows the formation of the high-density ceramic sample. Resistive (impedance, modulus and electrical transport) and insulating (dielectric) properties of the system have been obtained using dielectric and the impedance spectroscopy at various frequencies (10²–10⁶ Hz) and temperatures (25–450 °C). The Nyquist plots exhibit the presence of the effect of grains in the prepared sample. The electrical transport properties of the material can be explained with the help of charge transfer by hopping process. The complex electrical modulus plot is used to determine the dielectric relaxation. The frequency dependence of conductivity plot follows the universal Jonscher power law.