nach oben

Journal of Polymer Research

Erschienen in:

01.09.2022 | Original Paper

Synthesis of a novel DOPO-substituted charring agent containing triazine for reducing the fire hazard of polypropylene

verfasst von: Jinlei Wang, Jialan Li, Xue Meng, Xianghua Gao, Hong Yan

Erschienen in: Journal of Polymer Research | Ausgabe 9/2022

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

A novel DOPO-substituted and triazine-based charring agent (ST-DOPO) was synthesized from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), 4,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), and melamine (MEL), which is used as a synergistic flame retardant of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) for polypropylene (PP). ST-DOPO is a good char forming agent, with a residual weight up to 36.59 wt.% at 800 °C. With 30 wt.% of ST-DOPO and APP (2∶1), the PP blend achieved a V-0 rating at a vertical UL-94 test, with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 35.0%. Compared to pure PP, its peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSR) were reduced by 81.2%, 34.1%, and 70.4%, respectively. Interestingly, the blend had only a 6.2% decrease in the tensile strength but a 15.1% increase in the impact strength, suggesting good compatibility of additives with the PP matrix. Moreover, the well-expanded continuous and compact char layer contributed to the improvement of the flame retardant property.

Vorheriger Artikel Electrothermally actuated artificial muscles from the silver-polyethylene-terephthalate core–shell structure

Nächster Artikel Synthesis, structural, morphological and optical analyses of new Prussian blue, ruthenium oxide and polyindole (PIn-PB-RuO2) nanocomposite

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Zhao W, Kumar Kundu C, Li ZW, Li XH, Zhang ZJ (2021) Flame retardant treatments for polypropylene: Strategies and recent advances. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 145:106382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106382CrossRef

Yuan B, Bao C, Song L, Hong N, Liew KM, Hu Y (2014) Preparation of functionalized graphene oxide/polypropylene nanocomposite with significantly improved thermal stability and studies on the crystallization behavior and mechanical properties. Chem Eng J 237:411–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.10.030CrossRef

Chen XS, Yu ZZ, Liu W, Zhang S (2009) Synergistic effect of decabromodiphenyl ethane and montmorillonite on flame retardancy of polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 94:1520–1525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.04.031CrossRef

Chen XS, Xu GZ, Zhang S, Zhang R, Sun J, Dong MZ, Zhu XJ, Liu W (2013) Improving the flame retardancy of the polypropylene/aramid fiber composites by the introduction of decabromodiphenyl ethane and antimony trioxide. J Appl Polym Sci 127:1446–1453. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.36789CrossRef

Zhu CJ, He MS, Liu Y, Cui JG, Tai QL, Song L, Hu Y (2018) Synthesis and application of a mono-component intumescent flame retardant for polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 151:144–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.03.007CrossRef

Wang ZJ, Liu YF, Li J (2017) Regulating Effects of Nitrogenous Bases on the Char Structure and Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene/Intumescent Flame Retardant Composites. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5:2375–2383. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02712CrossRef

Wang W, Wen PY, Zhan J, Hong NN, Cai W, Gui Z, Hu Y (2017) Synthesis of a novel charring agent containing pentaerythritol and triazine structure and its intumescent flame retardant performance for polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 144:454–463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.09.011CrossRef

Huang YW, Song ML, Ma JJ, Lu ZY, Yang JX, Cao K (2013) Synthesis of a phosphorus/silicon hybrid and its synergistic effect with melamine polyphosphates on flame retardant polypropylene system. J Appl Polym Sci 129:316–323. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.38740CrossRef

Gao S, Zhao X, Liu G (2017) Synthesis of an integrated intumescent flame retardant and its flame retardancy properties for polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 138:106–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.05.007CrossRef

10.

Balakrishnan H, Hassan A, Isitman NA, Kaynak C (2012) On the use of magnesium hydroxide towards halogen-free flame-retarded polyamide-6/polypropylene blends. Polym Degrad Stab 97:1447–1457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.05.011CrossRef

11.

Yuan BH, Wang BB, Hu YX, Mu XW, Hong NN, Liew KM, Hu Y (2016) Electrical conductive and graphitizable polymer nanofibers grafted on graphene nanosheets: Improving electrical conductivity and flame retardancy of polypropylene. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 84:76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.01.003CrossRef

12.

Wu K, Zhang YK, Hu WG, Lian JT, Hu Y (2013) Influence of ammonium polyphosphate microencapsulation on flame retardancy, thermal degradation and crystal structure of polypropylene composite. Compos Sci Technol 81:17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.03.018CrossRef

13.

Jiao CM, Chen XL (2010) Flammability and thermal degradation of intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene composites. Polym Eng Sci 50:767–772. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.21583CrossRef

14.

Yang DD, Hu Y, Song L, Nie SB, He SQ, Cai YB (2008) Catalyzing carbonization function of α-ZrP based intumescent fire retardant polypropylene nanocomposites. Polym Degrad Stab 93:2014–2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.02.012CrossRef

15.

Lim KS, Bee ST, Sin LT, Tee T-T, Ratnam CT, Hui D, Rahmat AR (2016) A review of application of ammonium polyphosphate as intumescent flame retardant in thermoplastic composites. Compos B Eng 84:155–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.08.066CrossRef

16.

Zhang P, Song L, Lu HD, Hu Y, Xing WY, Ni JX, Wang J (2009) Synergistic effect of nanoflaky manganese phosphate on thermal degradation and flame retardant properties of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system. Polym Degrad Stab 94:201–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.11.004CrossRef

17.

Shao ZB, Deng C, Tan Y, Yu L, Chen MJ, Chen L, Wang YZ (2014) Ammonium polyphosphate chemically-modified with ethanolamine as an efficient intumescent flame retardant for polypropylene. J Mater Chem A 2:13955–13965. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta02778gCrossRef

18.

Zhang NE, Zhang J, Yan H, Guo XR, Sun Q, Guo RJ (2019) A novel organic-inorganic hybrid K-HBPE@APP performing excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression for polypropylene. J Hazard Mater 373:856–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.016CrossRefPubMed

19.

Yang K, Xu MJ, Li B (2013) Synthesis of N-ethyl triazine–piperazine copolymer and flame retardancy and water resistance of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 98:1397–1406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.03.023CrossRef

20.

Wei M, Zhan MQ, Yu DQ, Xie H, He MJ, Yang KK, Wang YZ (2015) Novel Poly(tetramethylene ether)glycol and Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) Based Dynamic Network via Quadruple Hydrogen Bonding with Triple-Shape Effect and Self-Healing Capacity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7:2585–2596. https://doi.org/10.1021/am507575zCrossRefPubMed

21.

Lin CH, Feng CC, Hwang TY (2007) Preparation, thermal properties, morphology, and microstructure of phosphorus-containing epoxy/SiO2 and polyimide/SiO2 nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 43:725–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2006.12.030CrossRef

22.

Muller P, Bykov Y, Doring M (2013) New star-shaped phosphorus-containing flame retardants based on acrylates for epoxy resins. Polym Adv Technol 24:834–840. https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.3151CrossRef

23.

Hoang DQ, Kim WJ, An HY, Kim JW (2015) Flame retardancies of novel organo-phosphorus flame retardants based on DOPO derivatives when applied to ABS. Macromol Res 23:442–448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13233-015-3058-5CrossRef

24.

Ling JS, Mohammed IA, Ghazali A, Khairuddean M (2014) Novel poly(alkyd-urethane)s from vegetable oils: Synthesis and properties. Ind Crops Prod 52:74–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.10.002CrossRef

25.

Zhang ZH, Chen Y, Yan XJ, Sun Y, Yang XM, Cai XY, You S (2017) Synthesis and evaluation of novel urea and amide derivatives of 2-amino-4-phenylthiazole as potential antibacterial agents. Med Chem Res 26:2080–2087. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-017-1910-1CrossRef

26.

Wang BB, Tang QB, Hong NN, Song L, Wang L, Shi YQ, Hu Y (2011) Effect of Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Microencapsulated Ammonium Polyphosphate on the Flame Retardancy, Mechanical, Electrical, and Thermal Properties of Intumescent Flame-Retardant Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer/Microencapsulated Ammonium Polyphosphate/Polyamide-6 Blends. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 3:3754–3761. https://doi.org/10.1021/am200940zCrossRefPubMed

27.

Wu ZJ, Li JL, Chen YP, Wang Z, Li SC (2015) Synthesis and Liquid Oxygen Compatibility of a Phosphorous-Containing Epoxy Resin. Polym Eng Sci 55:651–656. https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.23933CrossRef

28.

Gu LQ, Chen GA, Yao YW (2014) Two novel phosphorus-nitrogen-containing halogen-free flame retardants of high performance for epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 108:68–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.05.030CrossRef

29.

Vasiljevic J, Jerman I, Jaksa G, Alongi J, Malucelli G, Zorko M, Tomsic B, Simoncic B (2015) Functionalization of cellulose fibres with DOPO-polysilsesquioxane flame retardant nanocoating. Cellu 22:1893–1910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0599-xCrossRef

30.

Zhang C, Liu SM, Huang JY, Zhao JQ (2009) Flame retardance and thermal properties of a novel phosphorus-containing unsaturated polyester resin/SiO2 hybrid nanocomposite. E-Polymers 9:151–162. https://doi.org/10.1515/epoly.2009.9.1.1791CrossRef

31.

Gagne S, Cloutier Y (2016) Identification of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate thermal degradation products in a generation chamber by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Occup Environ Hyg 13:94–101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2015.1084422CrossRefPubMed

32.

Schartel B, Hull TR (2007) Development of fire-retarded materials - Interpretation of cone calorimeter data. Fire Mater 31:327–354. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.949CrossRef

33.

Li XL, Zhang FH, Jian RK, Ai YF, Ma JL, Hui GJ, Wang DY (2019) Influence of eco-friendly calcium gluconate on the intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resin: Flame retardancy, smoke suppression and mechanical properties. Compos B Eng 176:107200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107200CrossRef

34.

Zheng ZH, Sun HM, Li WJ, Zhong SL, Yan JT, Cui XJ, Wang HY (2014) Co- microencapsulation of Ammonium Polyphosphate and Aluminum Hydroxide in Halogen- Free and Intumescent Flame Retarding Polypropylene. Polym Compos 35:715–729. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.22715CrossRef

35.

Salaun F, Bedek G, Devaux E, Dupont D, Gengembre L (2011) Microencapsulation of a cooling agent by interfacial polymerization: Influence of the parameters of encapsulation on poly(urethane-urea) microparticles characteristics. J Membrane Sci 370:23–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.11.033CrossRef

36.

Sauca S, Giamberini M, Cerruti P, Malinconico M, Reina JA (2015) Effect of phosphorous-containing modified poly(vinyl alcohol) on the mechanical and flame retardant properties of polypropylene. Express Polym Lett 9:330–343. https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2015.31CrossRef

37.

Lin HJ, Yan H, Liu B, Wei LQ, Xu BS (2011) The influence of KH-550 on properties of ammonium polyphosphate and polypropylene flame retardant composites. Polym Degrad Stab 96:1382–1388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.03.016CrossRef

38.

Yuan BH, Fan A, Yang M, Chen XF, Hu Y, Bao CL, Jiang SH, Niu Y, Zhang Y, He S, Dai HM (2017) The effects of graphene on the flammability and fire behavior of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene composites at different flame scenarios. Polym Degrad Stab 143:42–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.06.015CrossRef

39.

Qin ZL, Li DH, Zhang WC, Yang RJ (2015) Surface modification of ammonium polyphosphate with vinyltrimethoxysilane: Preparation, characterization, and its flame retardancy in polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 119:139–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.05.012CrossRef

40.

Liu C, Qiao H, Xu GL, Liang Y, Yang J, Hu J (2021) Phosphorous-Nitrogen Modification of Epoxy Grafted Poly-Acrylic Resin: Synergistic Flame Retardment Effect. Polymers (Basel) 13:2826. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13162826CrossRef

41.

Xu B, Ma W, Wu X, Qian LJ, Jiang S (2018) Flame retardancy and thermal behavior of intumescent flame-retardant EVA composites with an efficient triazine-based charring agent. Mater Res Express 5:045309. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/aabc3bCrossRef

42.

Chen R, Luo ZJ, Yu XJ, Tang H, Zhou Y, Zhou H (2020) Synthesis of chitosan-based flame retardant and its fire resistance in epoxy resin. Carbohydr Polym 245:116530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116530CrossRefPubMed

43.

Tsai KC, Kuan CF, Chen CH, Kuan HC, Hsu SW, Lee FM, Chiang CL (2013) Study on thermal degradation and flame retardant property of halogen-free polypropylene composites using XPS and cone calorimeter. J Appl Polym Sci 127:1084–1091. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.37700CrossRef

44.

Feng JB, Xu XD, Xu ZG, Xie HY, Song PG, Li LJ, Huang GB, Wang H (2020) One-Pot, Solvent- and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Polyphosphoramide as an Eco-Benign and Effective Flame Retardant for Poly(lactic acid). ACS Sustain Chem Eng 8:16612–16623. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05931CrossRef

45.

Qiu S, Wang X, Yu B, Feng XM, Mu XW, Yuen RKK, Hu Y (2017) Flame-retardant-wrapped polyphosphazene nanotubes: A novel strategy for enhancing the flame retardancy and smoke toxicity suppression of epoxy resins. J Hazard Mater 325:327–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.057CrossRefPubMed

46.

Lai XJ, Qiu JD, Li HQ, Zeng XR, Tang S, Chen Y, Chen Z (2015) Flame-Retardant and Thermal Degradation Mechanism of Caged Phosphate Charring Agent with Melamine Pyrophosphate for Polypropylene. Int J Polym Sci 2015:360274. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/360274CrossRef

47.

Wang X, Hu Y, Song L, Xing WY, Lu HDA, Lv P, Jie GX (2010) Flame retardancy and thermal degradation mechanism of epoxy resin composites based on a DOPO substituted organophosphorus oligomer. Polymer 51:2435–2445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2010.03.053CrossRef

Titel: Synthesis of a novel DOPO-substituted charring agent containing triazine for reducing the fire hazard of polypropylene
verfasst von: Jinlei Wang
Jialan Li
Xue Meng
Xianghua Gao
Hong Yan
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2022
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Polymer Research / Ausgabe 9/2022
Print ISSN: 1022-9760
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-8935
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-022-03220-1

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten

Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.

Zur Marktübersicht

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2022

Study on properties of fish scale biomimetic fluororubber prepared by template method

Effects of chemical and autoclave sterilization treatments on medical personal protective equipment made of nonwoven polypropylene fibers for recycling

Effects of plasticizers on the properties of breathable cellulose diacetate films

The effect of partial replacement of maleic anhydride by itaconic acid in sebacic acid-based unsaturated polyester on its various properties

Hybrid micro-composite sheets of Polylactic Acid (PLA)/Carbon Black (CB)/natural kenaf fiber processed by calendering method

Reinforcing effects of carbon nanotubes on graphene/trans-1,4-polyisoprene/natural rubber composites

Premium Partner

Marktübersichten