Thermo-Physical Properties of B₂O₃-Containing Mold Flux for High Carbon Steels in Thin Slab Continuous Casters: Structure, Viscosity, Crystallization, and Wettability

The effect of B₂O₃ on the thermo-physical properties of commercial mold fluxes, including the viscosity, crystallization behavior, and wettability, was investigated. Viscosity was measured using the rotating spindle method, and CCT (continuous cooling transformation) diagrams were obtained to investigate the crystallization behavior at various cooling rates using CLSM (confocal laser scanning microscope). The wettability of the fluxes was determined by measuring the contact angles at 1573 K (1300 °C) using the digital images generated by the sessile drop method and were used to calculate the surface tension, interfacial tension, and work of adhesion for Flux A (existing flux) and B (modified flux). These thermo-physical properties were correlated with the structural analysis obtained using FT-IR (Fourier transform-infrared), Raman and MAS-NMR (magic angle spin-nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. In addition, DTA (differential thermal analysis) was performed on the samples to measure the liquidus temperatures. Higher B₂O₃ concentrations resulted in lower liquidus temperatures, consequently decreasing the viscosity, the break temperature, and the crystallization temperature. However, B₂O₃ addition accelerated crystal growth owing to the higher diffusion kinetics of the cations, which also reduced the size of the liquid/solid co-existing region.