Skip to main content

2021 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

Towards the Development of a Trustworthy Chatbot for Mental Health Applications

verfasst von : Matthias Kraus, Philip Seldschopf, Wolfgang Minker

Erschienen in: MultiMedia Modeling

Verlag: Springer International Publishing

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Research on conversational chatbots for mental health applications is an emerging topic. Current work focuses primarily on the usability and acceptance of such systems. However, the human-computer trust relationship is often overlooked, even though being highly important for the acceptance of chatbots in a clinical environment. This paper presents the creation and evaluation of a trustworthy agent using relational and proactive dialogue. A pilot study with non-clinical subjects showed that a relational strategy using empathetic reactions and small-talk failed to foster human-computer trust. However, changing the initiative to be more proactive seems to be welcomed as it is perceived more reliable and understandable by users.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Aoyama, K., Shimomura, H.: Real world speech interaction with a humanoid robot on a layered robot behavior control architecture. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 3814–3819. IEEE (2005) Aoyama, K., Shimomura, H.: Real world speech interaction with a humanoid robot on a layered robot behavior control architecture. In: Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 3814–3819. IEEE (2005)
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Baraglia, J., Cakmak, M., Nagai, Y., Rao, R., Asada, M.: Initiative in robot assistance during collaborative task execution. In: The Eleventh ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction, pp. 67–74. IEEE Press (2016) Baraglia, J., Cakmak, M., Nagai, Y., Rao, R., Asada, M.: Initiative in robot assistance during collaborative task execution. In: The Eleventh ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human Robot Interaction, pp. 67–74. IEEE Press (2016)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhugra, D.: Attitudes towards mental illness: a review of the literature. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 80(1), 1–12 (1989)CrossRef Bhugra, D.: Attitudes towards mental illness: a review of the literature. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 80(1), 1–12 (1989)CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bickmore, T., Cassell, J.: Small talk and conversational storytelling in embodied conversational interface agents. In: AAAI Fall Symposium on Narrative Intelligence, pp. 87–92 (1999) Bickmore, T., Cassell, J.: Small talk and conversational storytelling in embodied conversational interface agents. In: AAAI Fall Symposium on Narrative Intelligence, pp. 87–92 (1999)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bickmore, T.W., Picard, R.W.: Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. (TOCHI) 12(2), 293–327 (2005)CrossRef Bickmore, T.W., Picard, R.W.: Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships. ACM Trans. Comput.-Hum. Interact. (TOCHI) 12(2), 293–327 (2005)CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Brave, S., Nass, C., Hutchinson, K.: Computers that care: investigating the effects of orientation of emotion exhibited by an embodied computer agent. Int. J. Hum Comput Stud. 62(2), 161–178 (2005)CrossRef Brave, S., Nass, C., Hutchinson, K.: Computers that care: investigating the effects of orientation of emotion exhibited by an embodied computer agent. Int. J. Hum Comput Stud. 62(2), 161–178 (2005)CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bretschneider, J., Kuhnert, R., Hapke, U.: Depressive symptoms among adults in Germany. J. Health Monit. 2, 77–83 (2017) Bretschneider, J., Kuhnert, R., Hapke, U.: Depressive symptoms among adults in Germany. J. Health Monit. 2, 77–83 (2017)
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Brooke, J.: SUS: a “quick and dirty’ usability. In: Usability Evaluation in Industry, p. 189 (1996) Brooke, J.: SUS: a “quick and dirty’ usability. In: Usability Evaluation in Industry, p. 189 (1996)
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Cassell, J., Bickmore, T.: Negotiated collusion: modeling social language and its relationship effects in intelligent agents. User Model. User-Adapted Interact. 13(1–2), 89–132 (2002) Cassell, J., Bickmore, T.: Negotiated collusion: modeling social language and its relationship effects in intelligent agents. User Model. User-Adapted Interact. 13(1–2), 89–132 (2002)
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Ciechanowski, L., Przegalinska, A., Magnuski, M., Gloor, P.: In the shades of the uncanny valley: an experimental study of human-chatbot interaction. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 92, 539–548 (2019)CrossRef Ciechanowski, L., Przegalinska, A., Magnuski, M., Gloor, P.: In the shades of the uncanny valley: an experimental study of human-chatbot interaction. Future Gener. Comput. Syst. 92, 539–548 (2019)CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Davidovi, Š., Guliani, K.: Reliable cron across the planet. Queue 13(3), 30–39 (2015)CrossRef Davidovi, Š., Guliani, K.: Reliable cron across the planet. Queue 13(3), 30–39 (2015)CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Fitzpatrick, K.K., Darcy, A., Vierhile, M.: Delivering cognitive behavior therapy to young adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety using a fully automated conversational agent (woebot): a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health 4(2), e19 (2017)CrossRef Fitzpatrick, K.K., Darcy, A., Vierhile, M.: Delivering cognitive behavior therapy to young adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety using a fully automated conversational agent (woebot): a randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health 4(2), e19 (2017)CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Hoffman, M.L.: Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001) Hoffman, M.L.: Empathy and Moral Development: Implications for Caring and Justice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2001)
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Ischen, C., Araujo, T., Voorveld, H., van Noort, G., Smit, E.: Privacy concerns in chatbot interactions. In: Følstad, A., Araujo, T., Papadopoulos, S., Law, E.L.-C., Granmo, O.-C., Luger, E., Brandtzaeg, P.B. (eds.) CONVERSATIONS 2019. LNCS, vol. 11970, pp. 34–48. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39540-7_3CrossRef Ischen, C., Araujo, T., Voorveld, H., van Noort, G., Smit, E.: Privacy concerns in chatbot interactions. In: Følstad, A., Araujo, T., Papadopoulos, S., Law, E.L.-C., Granmo, O.-C., Luger, E., Brandtzaeg, P.B. (eds.) CONVERSATIONS 2019. LNCS, vol. 11970, pp. 34–48. Springer, Cham (2020). https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​978-3-030-39540-7_​3CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat James, S.L., et al.: Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet 392(10159), 1789–1858 (2018)CrossRef James, S.L., et al.: Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet 392(10159), 1789–1858 (2018)CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Jian, J.Y., Bisantz, A.M., Drury, C.G.: Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. Int. J. Cogn. Ergon. 4(1), 53–71 (2000)CrossRef Jian, J.Y., Bisantz, A.M., Drury, C.G.: Foundations for an empirically determined scale of trust in automated systems. Int. J. Cogn. Ergon. 4(1), 53–71 (2000)CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Karrer, K., Glaser, C., Clemens, C., Bruder, C.: Technikaffinität erfassen-der fragebogen TA-EG. Der Mensch im Mittelpunkt technischer Systeme 8, 196–201 (2009) Karrer, K., Glaser, C., Clemens, C., Bruder, C.: Technikaffinität erfassen-der fragebogen TA-EG. Der Mensch im Mittelpunkt technischer Systeme 8, 196–201 (2009)
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraus, M., Fischbach, F., Jansen, P., Minker, W.: A comparison of explicit and implicit proactive dialogue strategies for conversational recommendation. In: Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pp. 429–435 (2020) Kraus, M., Fischbach, F., Jansen, P., Minker, W.: A comparison of explicit and implicit proactive dialogue strategies for conversational recommendation. In: Proceedings of the 12th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, pp. 429–435 (2020)
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraus, M., Wagner, N., Minker, W.: Effects of proactive dialogue strategies on human-computer trust. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, pp. 107–116 (2020) Kraus, M., Wagner, N., Minker, W.: Effects of proactive dialogue strategies on human-computer trust. In: Proceedings of the 28th ACM Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, pp. 107–116 (2020)
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Laranjo, L., et al.: Conversational agents in healthcare: a systematic review. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 25(9), 1248–1258 (2018)CrossRef Laranjo, L., et al.: Conversational agents in healthcare: a systematic review. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 25(9), 1248–1258 (2018)CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, J., Moray, N.: Trust, control strategies and allocation of function in human-machine systems. Ergonomics 35(10), 1243–1270 (1992)CrossRef Lee, J., Moray, N.: Trust, control strategies and allocation of function in human-machine systems. Ergonomics 35(10), 1243–1270 (1992)CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee, J.D., See, K.A.: Trust in automation: designing for appropriate reliance. Hum. Factors 46(1), 50–80 (2004)MathSciNetCrossRef Lee, J.D., See, K.A.: Trust in automation: designing for appropriate reliance. Hum. Factors 46(1), 50–80 (2004)MathSciNetCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Linden, M., Hautzinger, M.: Verhaltenstherapiemanual, vol. 8. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)CrossRef Linden, M., Hautzinger, M.: Verhaltenstherapiemanual, vol. 8. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Ly, K.H., Ly, A.M., Andersson, G.: A fully automated conversational agent for promoting mental well-being: a pilot RCT using mixed methods. Internet Interv. 10, 39–46 (2017)CrossRef Ly, K.H., Ly, A.M., Andersson, G.: A fully automated conversational agent for promoting mental well-being: a pilot RCT using mixed methods. Internet Interv. 10, 39–46 (2017)CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Madsen, M., Gregor, S.: Measuring human-computer trust. In: 11th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, vol. 53, pp. 6–8. Citeseer (2000) Madsen, M., Gregor, S.: Measuring human-computer trust. In: 11th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, vol. 53, pp. 6–8. Citeseer (2000)
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Merritt, S.M., Heimbaugh, H., LaChapell, J., Lee, D.: I trust it, but i don’t know why: effects of implicit attitudes toward automation on trust in an automated system. Hum. Factors 55(3), 520–534 (2013)CrossRef Merritt, S.M., Heimbaugh, H., LaChapell, J., Lee, D.: I trust it, but i don’t know why: effects of implicit attitudes toward automation on trust in an automated system. Hum. Factors 55(3), 520–534 (2013)CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Miehle, J., Ostler, D., Gerstenlauer, N., Minker, W.: The next step: intelligent digital assistance for clinical operating rooms. Innov. Surg. Sci. 2(3), 159–161 (2017) Miehle, J., Ostler, D., Gerstenlauer, N., Minker, W.: The next step: intelligent digital assistance for clinical operating rooms. Innov. Surg. Sci. 2(3), 159–161 (2017)
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Moray, N., Inagaki, T., Itoh, M.: Adaptive automation, trust, and self-confidence in fault management of time-critical tasks. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 6(1), 44 (2000)CrossRef Moray, N., Inagaki, T., Itoh, M.: Adaptive automation, trust, and self-confidence in fault management of time-critical tasks. J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 6(1), 44 (2000)CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Muir, B.M.: Trust in automation: Part i. theoretical issues in the study of trust and human intervention in automated systems. Ergonomics 37(11), 1905–1922 (1994) Muir, B.M.: Trust in automation: Part i. theoretical issues in the study of trust and human intervention in automated systems. Ergonomics 37(11), 1905–1922 (1994)
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Organization, W.H.: Mental Health Atlas 2017. World Health Organization (2018) Organization, W.H.: Mental Health Atlas 2017. World Health Organization (2018)
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Parker, S.K., Bindl, U.K., Strauss, K.: Making things happen: a model of proactive motivation. J. Manag. 36(4), 827–856 (2010) Parker, S.K., Bindl, U.K., Strauss, K.: Making things happen: a model of proactive motivation. J. Manag. 36(4), 827–856 (2010)
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Parker, S.K., Wang, Y., Liao, J.: When is proactivity wise? A review of factors that influence the individual outcomes of proactive behavior. Ann. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 6, 221–248 (2019)CrossRef Parker, S.K., Wang, Y., Liao, J.: When is proactivity wise? A review of factors that influence the individual outcomes of proactive behavior. Ann. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav. 6, 221–248 (2019)CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Pragst, L., Ultes, S., Kraus, M., Minker, W.: Adaptive dialogue management in the kristina project for multicultural health care applications. In: Proceedings of the 19thWorkshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SEMDIAL), pp. 202–203 (2015) Pragst, L., Ultes, S., Kraus, M., Minker, W.: Adaptive dialogue management in the kristina project for multicultural health care applications. In: Proceedings of the 19thWorkshop on the Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue (SEMDIAL), pp. 202–203 (2015)
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Rau, P.L.P., Li, Y., Liu, J.: Effects of a social robot’s autonomy and group orientation on human decision-making. Adv. Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2013, 11 (2013)CrossRef Rau, P.L.P., Li, Y., Liu, J.: Effects of a social robot’s autonomy and group orientation on human decision-making. Adv. Hum.-Comput. Interact. 2013, 11 (2013)CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Reese, W.: Nginx: the high-performance web server and reverse proxy. Linux J. 2008(173) (2008) Reese, W.: Nginx: the high-performance web server and reverse proxy. Linux J. 2008(173) (2008)
39.
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Stanton, N.A., Walker, G.H., Young, M.S., Kazi, T., Salmon, P.M.: Changing drivers’ minds: the evaluation of an advanced driver coaching system. Ergonomics 50(8), 1209–1234 (2007)CrossRef Stanton, N.A., Walker, G.H., Young, M.S., Kazi, T., Salmon, P.M.: Changing drivers’ minds: the evaluation of an advanced driver coaching system. Ergonomics 50(8), 1209–1234 (2007)CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaidyam, A.N., Wisniewski, H., Halamka, J.D., Kashavan, M.S., Torous, J.B.: Chatbots and conversational agents in mental health: a review of the psychiatric landscape. Can. J. Psychiatry 64(7), 456–464 (2019) Vaidyam, A.N., Wisniewski, H., Halamka, J.D., Kashavan, M.S., Torous, J.B.: Chatbots and conversational agents in mental health: a review of the psychiatric landscape. Can. J. Psychiatry 64(7), 456–464 (2019)
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Tellegen, A.: Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54(6), 1063 (1988)CrossRef Watson, D., Clark, L.A., Tellegen, A.: Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 54(6), 1063 (1988)CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Towards the Development of a Trustworthy Chatbot for Mental Health Applications
verfasst von
Matthias Kraus
Philip Seldschopf
Wolfgang Minker
Copyright-Jahr
2021
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67835-7_30

Premium Partner