nach oben

Erschienen in:

01.09.2022 | Review Article

Tracing app technology: an ethical review in the COVID-19 era and directions for post-COVID-19

verfasst von: Saleh Afroogh, Amir Esmalian, Ali Mostafavi, Ali Akbari, Kambiz Rasoulkhani, Shahriar Esmaeili, Ehsan Hajiramezanali

Erschienen in: Ethics and Information Technology | Ausgabe 3/2022

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

We conducted a systematic literature review on the ethical considerations of the use of contact tracing app technology, which was extensively implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid and extensive use of this technology during the COVID-19 pandemic, while benefiting the public well-being by providing information about people’s mobility and movements to control the spread of the virus, raised several ethical concerns for the post-COVID-19 era. To investigate these concerns for the post-pandemic situation and provide direction for future events, we analyzed the current ethical frameworks, research, and case studies about the ethical usage of tracing app technology. The results suggest there are seven essential ethical considerations—privacy, security, acceptability, government surveillance, transparency, justice, and voluntariness—in the ethical use of contact tracing technology. In this paper, we explain and discuss these considerations and how they are needed for the ethical usage of this technology. The findings also highlight the importance of developing integrated guidelines and frameworks for implementation of such technology in the post- COVID-19 world.

Vorheriger Artikel Life after privacy: reclaiming democracy in a surveillance society

Nächster Artikel Resisting the Gamer’s Dilemma

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Abuhammad, S., Khabour, O. F., & Alzoubi, K. H. (2020). Covid-19 contact-tracing technology: Acceptability and ethical issues of use. Patient Preference and Adherence, 14, 1639–1647.CrossRef

Afroogh, S. (2021). A contextualist decision theory. arXiv preprint. https://arxiv.org

Afroogh, S., Esmalian, A., Donaldson, J., & Mostafavi, A. (2021). Empathic design in engineering education and practice: An approach for achieving inclusive and effective community resilience. Sustainability, 13(7), 4060.CrossRef

Ahmed, N., Michelin, R. A., Xue, W., Ruj, S., Malaney, R., Kanhere, S. S., Seneviratne, A., Hu, W., Janicke, H., & Jha, S. K. (2020). A survey of covid-19 contact tracing apps. IEEE Access, 8, 134577–134601.CrossRef

Alanoca, S., Guetta-Jeanrenaud, N., Ferrari, I., Weinberg, N., Çetin, R. B., & Miailhe, N. (2021). Digital contact tracing against COVID-19: A governance framework to build trust. International Data Privacy Law, 11(1), 3–17.CrossRef

Almeida, B. D. A., Doneda, D., Ichihara, M. Y., Barral-Netto, M., Matta, G. C., Rabello, E. T., Gouveia, F. C., & Barreto, M. (2020). Personal data usage and privacy considerations in the covid-19 global pandemic. Ciencia e Saude Coletiva, 25, 2487–2492.CrossRef

Amann, J., Sleigh, J., & Vayena, E. (2021). Digital contact-tracing during the covid-19 pandemic: An analysis of newspaper coverage in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. PLoS ONE, 16(2), 1–16.CrossRef

Andrew Tzer-Yeu Chen, K. T. (1967). Exploring the drivers and barriers to uptake for digital contact tracing. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952.

Basu, S. (2020a). Effective contact tracing for COVID-19 using mobile phones: An ethical analysis of the mandatory use of the Aarogya Setu application in India. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 261, 1–10.

Basu, S. (2020b). Effective contact tracing for COVID-19 using mobile phones: An ethical analysis of the mandatory use of the aarogya setu application in India. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 262, 1–10.

Bernard, R., Bowsher, G., & Sullivan, R. (2020). COVID-19 and the rise of participatory sigint: An examination of the rise in government surveillance through mobile applications. American Journal of Public Health, 110(12), 1780–1785.CrossRef

Bradshaw, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Noetel, M., Saeri, A. K., Slattery, P., Grundy, E., & Calvo, R. (2021). Information safety assurances increase intentions to use COVID-19 contact tracing applications, regardless of autonomy-supportive or controlling message framing. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3772.CrossRef

Braithwaite, I., Callender, T., Bullock, M., & Aldridge, R. W. (2020). Automated and partly automated contact tracing: A systematic review to inform the control of COVID-19. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(11), e607–e621.CrossRef

Bruneau, G. A. (2020). The ethical imperatives of the COVID-19 pandemic: A review from data ethics. Revista De Filosofía y Teología, 23, 13.

Bruneau, G. A., Gilthorpe, M., & Müller, V. C. (2020). The ethical imperatives of the COVID-19 pandemic: A review from data ethics. Veritas, 46(46), 13–35.

Budd, J., Miller, B. S., Manning, E. M., Lampos, V., Zhuang, M., Edelstein, M., Rees, G., Emery, V. C., Stevens, M. M., Keegan, N., et al. (2020). Digital technologies in the public-health response to COVID-19. Nature Medicine, 26(8), 1183–1192.CrossRef

Carter, K., Berman, G., García-herranz, M., and Sekara, V. (2020). Digital contact tracing and surveillance during COVID-19 general and child-specific ethical issues. Unicef Office of Research, (June).

Chan, J., Foster, D., Gollakota, S., Horvitz, E., Jaeger, J., Kakade, S., Kohno, T., Langford, J., Larson, J., Sharma, P., Singanamalla, S., Sunshine, J., Tessaro, S. (2020). PACT: Privacy sensitive protocols and mechanisms for mobile contact tracing. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03544

Chen, S., Waseem, D., Xia, Z., Tran, K. T., Li, Y., & Yao, J. (2021). To disclose or to falsify: The effects of cognitive trust and affective trust on customer cooperation in contact tracing. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102867.CrossRef

Cho, H., Ippolito, D., and Yu, Y. W. (2020). Contact tracing mobile apps for COVID-19: privacy considerations and related trade-offs. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.11511

Clarke, M., Devlin, J., Conroy, E., Kelly, E., & Sturup-Toft, S. (2020). Establishing prison-led contact tracing to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 in prisons in Ireland. Journal of Public Health (united Kingdom), 42(3), 519–524.

Devakumar, D., Shannon, G., Bhopal, S. S., & Abubakar, I. (2020). Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses. The Lancet Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30792-3CrossRef

Dubov, A., & Shoptawb, S. (2020a). The value and ethics of using technology to contain the COVID-19 epidemic. The American Journal of Bioethics, 20(7), W7–W11.CrossRef

Dubov, A., & Shoptawb, S. (2020b). The value and ethics of using technology to contain the COVID-19 epidemic. American Journal of Bioethics, 20(7), W7–W11.CrossRef

Dunlap, R. E., & McCright, A. M. (2010). Climate change denial: Sources, actors and strategies. In Routledge handbook of climate change and society (pp. 240–259). Routledge.

Durrheim, D. N., Andrus, J. K., Tabassum, S., Bashour, H., Githanga, D., & Pfaff, G. (2021). A dangerous measles future looms beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Medicine, 27(3), 360–361.CrossRef

Dwivedi, S. K., Amin, R., Vollala, S., & Chaudhry, R. (2020). Blockchain-based secured event-information sharing protocol in internet of vehicles for smart cities. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 86, 106719.

Ekong, I., Chukwu, E., & Chukwu, M. (2020a). COVID-19 mobile positioning data contact tracing and patient privacy regulations: Exploratory search of global response strategies and the use of digital tools in Nigeria. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(4), 1–7.CrossRef

Ekong, I., Chukwu, E., & Chukwu, M. (2020b). COVID-19 mobile positioning data contact tracing and patient privacy regulations: Exploratory search of global response strategies and the use of digital tools in Nigeria. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 8(4), e19139.CrossRef

Elkhodr, M., Mubin, O., Iftikhar, Z., Masood, M., Alsinglawi, B., Shahid, S., & Alnajjar, F. (2021). Technology, privacy, and user opinions of COVID-19 mobile apps for contact tracing: Systematic search and content analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), e23467.CrossRef

Emanuel, E. J., Persad, G., Upshur, R., Thome, B., Parker, M., Glickman, A., Zhang, C., Boyle, C., Smith, M., & Phillips, J. P. (2020). Fair allocation of scarce medical resources in the time of Covid-19. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(21), 2049–2055.CrossRef

Fahey, R. A., & Hino, A. (2020). COVID-19, digital privacy, and the social limits on data-focused public health responses. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102181.

Fairbank, N. A., Murray, C. S., Couture, A., Kline, J., & Lazzaro, M. (2020). There’s an app for that: Digital contact tracing and its role in mitigating a second wave. Harvard University.

Fast, V., & Schnurr, D. (2021). Incentivizing data donations and the adoption of COVID-19 contact-tracing apps: A randomized controlled online experiment on the German Corona-Warn-app. SSRN Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3786245CrossRef

Gasser, U., Ienca, M., Scheibner, J., Sleigh, J., & Vayena, E. (2020a). Digital tools against COVID-19: Framing the ethical challenges and how to address them. The Lancet Digital Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30137-0CrossRef

Gasser, U., Ienca, M., Scheibner, J., Sleigh, J., & Vayena, E. (2020b). Digital tools against COVID-19: Taxonomy, ethical challenges, and navigation aid. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(8), e425–e434.CrossRef

Golbabaei, F., Yigitcanlar, T., Paz, A., & Bunker, J. (2020). Individual predictors of autonomous vehicle public acceptance and intention to use: A systematic review of the literature. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 106.

Greenleaf, G., & Kemp, K. (2021). Australia’s ‘COVIDSafe’ law for contact tracing: An experiment in surveillance and trust. International Data Privacy Law. https://doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipab009CrossRef

Gupta, R., Pandey, G., Chaudhary, P., & Pal, S. K. (2021). Technological and analytical review of contact tracing apps for COVID-19 management. Journal of Location Based Services, 00(00), 1–40.

Harari, Y. N. (2020). The world after coronavirus. Financial times, 20(03), 2020.

He, W., Zhang, Z., & Li, W. (2021). Information technology solutions, challenges, and suggestions for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Information Management, 57, 102287.CrossRef

Henderson, J. (2021). Patient privacy in the COVID-19 era: Data access, transparency, rights, regulation and the case for retaining the status quo. Health Information Management Journal, 50(1–2), 6–8.CrossRef

Hendl, T., Chung, R., & Wild, V. (2020). Pandemic surveillance and racialized subpopulations: Mitigating vulnerabilities in COVID-19 apps. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 17, 829–834.CrossRef

Hoffman, A. S., Jacobs, B., van Gastel, B., Schraffenberger, H., Sharon, T., & Pas, B. (2020). Towards a seamful ethics of Covid-19 contact tracing apps? Ethics and Information Technology, 23, 1–11.

Idrees, S. M., Nowostawski, M., & Jameel, R. (2021). Blockchain-based digital contact tracing apps for COVID-19 Pandemic management: issues, challenges, solutions, and future directions. JMIR Medical Informatics, 9(2), e25245.CrossRef

Ishmaev, G., Dennis, M., & van den Hoven, M. J. (2021). Ethics in the COVID-19 pandemic: Myths, false dilemmas, and moral overload. Ethics and Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-020-09568-6CrossRef

Kawakami, N., Sasaki, N., Kuroda, R., Tsuno, K., & Imamura, K. (2021). The effects of downloading a government-issued COVID-19 contact tracing app on psychological distress during the pandemic among employed adults: Prospective study. JMIR Mental Health, 8(1), e23699.CrossRef

Klaaren, J., Breckenridge, K., Cachalia, F., Fonn, S., & Veller, M. (2020). South Africa’s COVID-19 tracing database: Risks and rewards of which doctors should be aware. SAMJ: South African Medical Journal, 110(7), 1–4.

Klar, R., & Lanzerath, D. (2020). The ethics of COVID-19 tracking apps—Challenges and voluntariness. Research Ethics, 16(3–4), 1–9.CrossRef

Klenk, M., & Duijf, H. (2020). Ethics of digital contact tracing and COVID-19: who is (not) free to go? Ethics and Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3595394CrossRef

Kolasa, K., Mazzi, F., Leszczuk-Czubkowska, E., Zrubka, Z., & Péntek, M. (2021). State of the art in adoption of contact tracing apps and recommendations regarding privacy protection and public health: Systematic review. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(6), e23250.CrossRef

Lai, S. H. S., Tang, C. Q. Y., Kurup, A., & Thevendran, G. (2021). The experience of contact tracing in Singapore in the control of COVID-19: Highlighting the use of digital technology. International Orthopaedics, 45(1), 65–69.CrossRef

Lee, T., & Lee, H. (2020). Tracing surveillance and auto-regulation in Singapore: ‘smart’ responses to COVID-19. Media International Australia, 177(1), 47–60.CrossRef

Leslie, D. (2020). Tackling COVID-19 through responsible AI innovation: Five steps in the right direction. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.06755

Lewandowsky, S., Dennis, S., Perfors, A., Kashima, Y., White, J. P., Garrett, P., Little, D. R., & Yesilada, M. (2021). Public acceptance of privacy-encroaching policies to address the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom. PLoS ONE, 16(1), 1–23.CrossRef

Lo, B., & Sim, I. (2020). Ethical framework for assessing manual and digital contact tracing for COVID-19. Annals of Internal Medicine, 174, 395.CrossRef

Lucivero, F., Hallowell, N., Johnson, S., Prainsack, B., Samuel, G., & Sharon, T. (2020). COVID-19 and contact tracing apps: Ethical challenges for a social experiment on a global scale. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 17(4), 835–839.CrossRef

Machida, M., Nakamura, I., Saito, R., Nakaya, T., Hanibuchi, T., Takamiya, T., Odagiri, Y., Fukushima, N., Kikuchi, H., Amagasa, S., Kojima, T., Watanabe, H., & Inoue, S. (2021). Survey on usage and concerns of a COVID-19 contact tracing application in Japan. Public Health in Practice, 2, 100125.CrossRef

Martinez-Martin, N., Wieten, S., Magnus, D., & Cho, M. K. (2020). Digital contact tracing, privacy, and public health. Hastings Center Report, 50(3), 43–46.CrossRef

Mbunge, E. (2020). Integrating emerging technologies into COVID-19 contact tracing: Opportunities, challenges and pitfalls. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(6), 1631–1636.CrossRef

Mbunge, E., Fashoto, S. G., & Batani, J. (2021). COVID-19 digital vaccination certificates and digital technologies: Lessons from digital contact tracing apps. SSRN Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3805803CrossRef

Mbwogge, M. (2021). Mass testing with contact tracing compared to test and trace for the effective suppression of COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: Systematic review. Jmirx Med, 2(2), e27254.CrossRef

Mello, M. M., & Wang, C. J. (2020). Ethics and governance for digital disease surveillance. Science, 368(6494), 951–954.CrossRef

Menges, D., Aschmann, H., Moser, A., Althaus, C. L., & von Wyl, V. (2021). The role of the SwissCovid digital proximity tracing app during the pandemic response: Results for the Canton of Zurich. medRxiv, 2, e658.

Miller, S., & Smith, M. (2021). Ethics, public health and technology responses to COVID-19. Bioethics, 35(4), 366–371.CrossRef

Morley, J., Cowls, J., Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2020). Ethical guidelines for COVID-19 tracing apps. Nature, 582(7810), 29–31.CrossRef

Natarajan, A., Su, H.-W., & Heneghan, C. (2020). Assessment of physiological signs associated with COVID-19 measured using wearable devices. NPJ Digital Medicine, 3(1), 1–8.CrossRef

Ntoutsi, E., Fafalios, P., Gadiraju, U., Iosifidis, V., Nejdl, W., Vidal, M.-E., Ruggieri, S., Turini, F., Papadopoulos, S., Krasanakis, E., Kompatsiaris, I., Kinder-Kurlanda, K., Wagner, C., Karimi, F., Fernandez, M., Alani, H., Berendt, B., Kruegel, T., Heinze, C., … Staab, S. (2020). Bias in data-driven artificial intelligence systems—An introductory survey. Wires Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 10(3), e1356.CrossRef

O’Callaghan, M. E., Buckley, J., Fitzgerald, B., Johnson, K., Laffey, J., McNicholas, B., Nuseibeh, B., O’Keeffe, D., O’Keeffe, I., Razzaq, A., Rekanar, K., Richardson, I., Simpkin, A., Abedin, J., Storni, C., Tsvyatkova, D., Walsh, J., Welsh, T., & Glynn, L. (2020). A national survey of attitudes to COVID-19 digital contact tracing in the Republic of Ireland. Irish Journal of Medical Science, 190, 863.CrossRef

O'Connell, M. E., Vellani, S., Robertson, S., O'Rourke, H. M., & McGilton, K. S. (2021). Going from zero to 100 in remote dementia research: A practical guide. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(1), e24098.

Oldeweme, A., Märtins, J., Westmattelmann, D., & Schewe, G. (2021). The role of transparency, trust, and social influence on uncertainty reduction in times of pandemics: Empirical study on the adoption of COVID-19 tracing apps. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), e25893.CrossRef

Osman, M., Fenton, N. E., McLachlan, S., Lucas, P., Dube, K., Hitman, G. A., Kyrimi, E., & Neil, M. (2020). The thorny problems of Covid-19 contact tracing apps: The need for a holistic approach. Journal of Behavioral Economics for Policy, 5, 57.

Pagliari, C. (2020a). The ethics and value of contact tracing apps: International insights and implications for Scotland‘s covid-19 response. Journal of Global Health, 10(2), 1–18.CrossRef

Pagliari, C. (2020b). The ethics and value of contact tracing apps: International insights and implications for Scotland’s COVID-19 response. Journal of Global Health. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020103CrossRef

Parker, M. J., Fraser, C., Abeler-Dörner, L., & Bonsall, D. (2020). Ethics of instantaneous contact tracing using mobile phone apps in the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Medical Ethics, 46(7), 427–431.CrossRef

Platt, M., Hasselgren, A., Román-Belmonte, J. M., de Oliveira, M., la Corte-Rodríguez, H., Delgado Olabarriaga, S., Rodríguez-Merchán, E. C., & Mackey, T. K. (2021). Test, trace, and put on the blockchain?: A viewpoint evaluating the use of decentralized systems for algorithmic contact tracing to combat a global pandemic. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(4), e26460.CrossRef

Raman, R., Achuthan, K., Vinuesa, R., & Nedungadi, P. (2021). COVIDTAS COVID-19 tracing app scale—An evaluation framework. Sustainability, 13(5), 2912.CrossRef

Ranisch, R., Nijsingh, N., Ballantyne, A., van Bergen, A., Buyx, A., Friedrich, O., Hendl, T., Marckmann, G., Munthe, C., & Wild, V. (2020). Digital contact tracing and exposure notification: Ethical guidance for trustworthy pandemic management. Ethics and Information Technology, 23, 285.CrossRef

Rebollo, M., Benito, R. M., Losada, J. C., & Galeano, J. (2021). Improvement of contact tracing with citizen’s distributed risk maps. Entropy, 23(5), 638.CrossRef

Rodríguez, P., Graña, S., Alvarez-León, E. E., Battaglini, M., Darias, F. J., Hernán, M. A., López, R., Llaneza, P., Martín, M. C., Ramirez-Rubio, O., Romaní, A., Suárez-Rodríguez, B., Sánchez-Monedero, J., Arenas, A., & Lacasa, L. (2021). A population-based controlled experiment assessing the epidemiological impact of digital contact tracing. Nature Communications, 12(1), 1–6.CrossRef

Rowe, F. (2020). Contact tracing apps and values dilemmas: A privacy paradox in a neo-liberal world. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102178.CrossRef

Samuel, G., Roberts, S. L., Fiske, A., Lucivero, F., McLennan, S., Phillips, A., Hayes, S., & Johnson, S. B. (2021). COVID-19 contact tracing apps: UK public perceptions. Critical Public Health, 0(0), 1–13.

Saw, Y. E., Tan, E.Y.-Q., Liu, J. S., & Liu, J. C. J. (2021). Predicting public uptake of digital contact tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a nationwide survey in Singapore. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), e24730.CrossRef

SCASSAT. (2021). COVID-19 contact tracing: From local to global and back again. International Journal of E-Planning Research, 10(2), 45–58.CrossRef

SCASSAT. (2021). Pandemic innovation: The private sector and the development of contact-tracing and exposure notification apps. Business and Human Rights Journal, 6, 1–8.

Sharma, S., Singh, G., Sharma, R., Jones, P., Kraus, S., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2020). Digital health innovation: Exploring adoption of COVID-19 digital contact tracing apps. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2020.3019033CrossRef

Soltani, A., Calo, R., & Bergstrom, C. (2020). Contact-tracing apps are not a solution to the COVID-19 crisis. Brookings Tech Stream, 27.

Sharon, T. (2020). Blind-sided by privacy? Digital contact tracing, the Apple/Google API and big tech’s newfound role as global health policy makers. Ethics and Information Technology, 23, 45.CrossRef

Siau, K., & Wang, W. (2018). Building trust in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics. Cutter Business Technology Journal, 31(2), 47–53.

Smoll, N. R., Walker, J., & Khandaker, G. (2021). The barriers and enablers to downloading the COVIDSafe app—A topic modelling analysis. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.13119CrossRef

Singer, N., & Sang-Hun, C. (2020). As Coronavirus Surveillance Escalates, Personal Privacy Plummets. New York Times, March 23. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/technology/coronavirus-surveillance-tracking-privacy.html

Sowmiya, B., Abhijith, V. S., Sudersan, S., Sakthi Jaya Sundar, R., Thangavel, M., & Varalakshmi, P. (2021). A survey on security and privacy issues in contact tracing application of Covid-19. SN Computer Science, 2(3), 136.CrossRef

Subbian, V., Solomonides, A., Clarkson, M., Rahimzadeh, V. N., Petersen, C., Schreiber, R., DeMuro, P. R., Dua, P., Goodman, K. W., Kaplan, B., Koppel, R., Lehmann, C. U., Pan, E., & Senathirajah, Y. (2020). Ethics and informatics in the age of COVID-19: Challenges and recommendations for public health organization and public policy. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocaa188CrossRef

Suh, A., & Li, M. (2021). Digital tracing during the COVID-19 pandemic: User appraisal, emotion, and continuance intention. Sustainability, 13(2), 608.CrossRef

Sweeney, Y. (2020). Tracking the debate on COVID-19 surveillance tools. Nature Machine Intelligence, 2(6), 301–304.CrossRef

Thomas, N. (2021). A typology-based approach to tracing-app adoption during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of the SwissCovid App. Journal of Quantitative Description, 1, 1–28.

Umbrello, S., & van de Poel, I. (2021). Mapping value sensitive design onto AI for social good principles. AI and Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00038-3CrossRef

Vaudenay, S. (2020). Centralized or decentralized? The contact tracing dilemma. IACR Cryptol, 2020, 531.

Urbaczewski, A., & Lee, Y. J. (2020). Information Technology and the pandemic: A preliminary multinational analysis of the impact of mobile tracking technology on the COVID-19 contagion control. European Journal of Information Systems, 29(4), 405–414.CrossRef

von Wyl, V., Höglinger, M., Sieber, C., Kaufmann, M., Moser, A., Serra-Burriel, M., Ballouz, T., Menges, D., Frei, A., & Puhan, M. A. (2021). Drivers of acceptance of COVID-19 proximity tracing apps in Switzerland: Panel survey analysis. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(1), e25701.CrossRef

Wen, H., Zhao, Q., Lin, Z., Xuan, D., & Shroff, N. (2020). A study of the privacy of COVID-19 contact tracing apps. In N. Park, K. Sun, S. Foresti, K. Butler, & N. Saxena (Eds.), Security and privacy in communication networks (pp. 297–317). Springer International Publishing.CrossRef

White, L., & van Basshuysen, P. (2021a). Privacy versus public health? A reassessment of centralised and decentralised digital contact tracing. Science and Engineering Ethics, 27(2), 23.CrossRef

White, L., & Van Basshuysen, P. (2021b). Without a trace: Why did corona apps fail? Journal of Medical Ethics, 47, 1–4.CrossRef

World Health Organization. (2020). Ethical considerations to guide the use of digital proximity trackin technologies for COVID-19 contact tracing.

Zastrow, M. (2020). Coronavirus contact-tracing apps: Can they slow the spread of COVID-19? Nature.

Zimmermann, B. M., Fiske, A., Prainsack, B., Hangel, N., McLennan, S., & Buyx, A. (2021). Early perceptions of COVID-19 contact tracing apps in German-speaking countries: Comparative mixed methods study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(2), e25525.CrossRef

Titel: Tracing app technology: an ethical review in the COVID-19 era and directions for post-COVID-19
verfasst von: Saleh Afroogh
Amir Esmalian
Ali Mostafavi
Ali Akbari
Kambiz Rasoulkhani
Shahriar Esmaeili
Ehsan Hajiramezanali
Publikationsdatum: 01.09.2022
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Ethics and Information Technology / Ausgabe 3/2022
Print ISSN: 1388-1957
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-8439
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-022-09659-6

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2022

Artificial intelligence and responsibility gaps: what is the problem?

Vicarious liability: a solution to a problem of AI responsibility?

Introduction to the topical collection on AI and responsibility

Life after privacy: reclaiming democracy in a surveillance society

Matching values to technology: a value sensitive design approach to identify values and use cases of an assistive system for people with dementia in institutional care

Humans, Neanderthals, robots and rights

Premium Partner