Trust-based energy-aware routing using GEOSR protocol for Ad-Hoc sensor networks

The openness nature of the Ad-hoc sensor networks emerged as a security threat in this network environment that leads to packets drop, network overhead, high range energy consumption, and transmission delay. Previous methods such as Trust-Based Malicious Nodes Detection in AD-hoc (TBMND) and Security based Data-Aware Routing Protocol (SDARP) found that this happens due to malicious nodes in the network. A malicious node in a network degrades its efficiency that also affects the routing decision making and also makes error decisions in route selection. Trust vector model and Trust-based Secure Routing (TBSR) have made attempts to evaluate trust nodes via various techniques, but unfortunately, the accuracy level has not been reached to the required range. In this paper, a trust-based energy-aware routing using GEOSR protocol for Ad-hoc sensor networks is presented for providing an energy-efficient and secured routing. In this trust-based energy-aware routing, initially the sensor nodes are deployed in the ad-hoc network. The clustering is performed based on the estimation of distance among the each nodes and the cluster head (CH) is selected based on the threshold value. After CH selection, the trust evaluation is performed for identify the trust and untrusted nodes present in the network. The untrusted node is considered as malicious node which is detected and blocked. The trusted nodes are forwarded to select the optimal routing path for secured transmission. Golden Eagle Optimized Secure Routing (GEOSR) is introduced for selecting the optimal routing path based on the parameters such as distance delay and energy objective function. Thus, energy-efficient and secured routing were done using the GEOSR protocol. GEOSR protocol was then implemented in the NS-2 simulation tool and then compared with existing techniques. GEOSR protocol shows 95% of residual energy for the prediction of two malicious nodes. Thus GEOSR was suitable for real-time applications.