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Erschienen in:
Introduction: The Game in the Arctic—A Historical Review Kapitel lesen Erstes Kapitel lesen

2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

6. Who Will Win in the Climate Crisis? A Reinterpretation of the Interaction Between Climate Change and Security Issues in the Arctic

verfasst von : Edmund Li Sheng

Erschienen in: Arctic Opportunities and Challenges

Verlag: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

This chapter analyzes how the major Arctic powers are responding to the conventional and unconventional challenges posed by climate change in the Arctic. Climate change in the Arctic is a double-edged sword for Russia, which faces the challenges of permafrost degradation and reduced food production but also opportunities from the opening of the Arctic shipping route. Meanwhile, growing Sino–Russian cooperation in the Arctic has given Russia an additional bargaining chip in the Arctic game with the United States.

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Vorheriges Kapitel Participation in and Strategic Arrangements for Arctic Affairs by the United States: Seeking Collective Security in a New Era
Nächstes Kapitel Extra-Regional Players in the Arctic: EU, China, Japan, Singapore, and South Korea
Fußnoten
1
Sheng, L., & do Nascimento, D. F. (2021a). The belt and road initiative in south-south cooperation: The impact on world trade and geopolitics. Palgrave MacMillan.
 
2
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GECF. (2021, February 24). Global gas outlook 2050.
 
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Swanson, C., & Levin, A. (2020, December 8). Liquefied natural gas exports are a climate threat.
 
6
Vyalov, S. S., Gerasimov, A. S., & Fotiev, S. M. (1998, June 23–27). Influence of global warming on the state and geotechnical properties of permafrost. Permaf rost: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference, Yellowknife, NW, 1097–1102.
 
7
Chenguang|Zhuo yan tianxia: Yongjiu dongtu ronghua quanqiu weiji jiaju. [Chenguang|Focus on the world: Melting permafrost global crisis intensifies].
 
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Conley, H. A. (2021). Climate change will reshape Russia. Center for Strategic International Studies,
 
9
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Kiselev, S., Romashkin, R., Nelson, G. C., Mason-D’Croz, D., & Palazzo, A. (2013). Russia’s food security and climate change: Looking into the future. Economics, 7(1).
 
11
Oshchepkov, M. (2021, July 11). Russia has set an ambitious goal for reducing emissions by 2030. Climate Scorecard.
 
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Tynkkynen, V.-P., & Tynkkynen, N. (2018). Climate denial revisited: (Re)contextualising Russian public discourse on climate change during Putin 2.0. Europe-Asia Studies, 70(7), 1103–1120.
 
13
Sharmina, M., Anderson, K., & Bows-Larkin, A. (2013). Climate change regional review: Russia. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 4(5), 373–396.
 
14
Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, Greenhouse Gas emission reduction (Presidential Decree 752).
 
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Climate Action Tracker: Russian Federation.
 
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Semenov, A. (2021). Russian political forces meet climate change. Center for Strategic International Studies.
 
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Fang Lexian, & Wang Yujing. (2021). Oumeng yu eluosi qihou hezuo de jinzhan yu juxian. Heping yu Fazhan. 2021(03).
 
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Arvin, J. (2021, February 22). The latest consequence of climate change: The Arctic is now open for business year-round. Vox.
 
20
Skepticism to acceptance: How Putin’s views on climate change evolved over the years. Moscow Times, July 1, 2021.
 
21
Ibid.
 
22
Union of Concerned Scientists. (2020). Each country’s share of CO2 emissions, updated August 12, 2020.
 
23
Kelemen, D. R., & Vogel, D. (2010). Trading places: The role of the US and EU in international environmental politics. Comparative Political Studies, 43(4), 427–456.
 
24
Parker, C. F., & Karlsson, C. (2018). The UN climate change negotiations and the role of the United States: Assessing American leadership from Copenhagen to Paris. Environmental Politics, 27(3), 519–540.
 
25
Kyoto Protocol, United Nations Climate Change.
 
26
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27
Senate Resolution 98 (Congressional Record, Report No. 105–5412), June 1997.
 
28
Hovi, J., Sprinz, D. F., & Bang, G. (2010). Why the United States did not become a party to the Kyoto Protocol: German, Norwegian, and US perspectives. European Journal of International Relations, 18(1), 129–150.
 
29
Ibid.
 
30
Text of a Letter from the President to Senators Hagel, Helms, Craig, and Roberts, March 2001. White House Archives.
 
31
Borger, J. (2001, March 29). Bush kills global warming treaty. The Guardian.
 
32
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33
Bush unveils voluntary plan to reduce global warming, February 14, 2002. CNN.
 
34
Outka, U. (2016). The Obama administration’s Clean Air Act legacy and the UNFCCC. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 48, 109–125.
 
35
Remarks by President Obama at the first session of COP21, November 30, 2015. White House Archives.
 
36
Ibid.
 
37
Statement by the President on the Paris Climate Agreement, December 12, 2015. White House Archives.
 
38
Parker, C. F., & Karlsson, C. (2018). The UN climate change negotiations and the role of the United States: Assessing American leadership from Copenhagen to Paris. Environmental Politics, 27(3), 519–540.
 
39
Yin, Y. C., & Sheng, L. (2021). Theorizing about global imbalances: An inequality perspective. Argumenta Oeconomica, 46, 169–181.
 
40
Sheng, L. (2021). How Covid-19 reshapes new world order: Political economy perspective. Springer.
 
41
In January 2011, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency provoked an outcry in West Virginia by rejecting a permit to fill a river valley. West Virginia is America’s second-largest coal producing state, and this permission was crucial to the largest mountaintop removal mining operation in the United States.
 
42
Sheng, L. (2014b). Economic structure, cost outsourcing and global imbalances. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 74, 81–95.
 
43
Sheng, L. (2015). Theorizing income inequality in the face of financial globalization. The Social Science Journal, 52(3), 415–424.
 
44
Christopher, T. (2017, March 28). Trump signs executive order to roll back Obama-era climate actions, power plant emissions rule. CNBC.
 
45
Milman, O. (2021, January 20). Biden returns US to Paris climate accord hours after becoming president. The Guardian.
 
46
The Biden plan for the clean energy revolution and environmental justice.
 
47
FACT SHEET: President Biden sets 2030 greenhouse gas pollution reduction target aimed at creating good-paying union jobs and securing U.S. leadership on clean energy technologies, April 22, 2021. White House briefing.
 
48
Wishnick, E. (2021, June 5). Will Russia put China’s Arctic ambitions on ice? The Diplomat.
 
49
Liang, Y. (2019, June 6). China, Russia agree to upgrade relations for new era. Xinhua.
 
50
Overseas Project Encyclopedia. Dujia: Yamal LNG project: bingshang sichouzhilu de zhongyao jiedian [Yamal LNG project: An important pivot point of the Ice Silk Road, China Belt and Road Network].
 
51
Chen, G. (2012). China’s emerging Arctic strategy. The Polar Journal, 2(2), 358–371.
 
52
Pincus, R. (2020). Three-way power dynamics in the Arctic. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 14(1), 40–63.
 
53
Zhang, P., & Yang, J. (2016). Changes in the Arctic and China’s participation in Arctic governance. Asian Countries and the Arctic Future, 217–235.
 
54
Kopra, S. (2019, August 22). Will the Ice Silk Road become the compass for the Arctic? Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science.
 
55
Sheng, L. (2014a). Capital controls and international development: A theoretical reconsideration. Global Policy, 5(1), 114–120.
 
56
Sheng, L., & do Nascimento, D. F. (2021b). Love and trade war: China and the US in historical context. Springer.
 
57
Mariia, K. (2019). China’s Arctic policy: Present and future. The Polar Journal, 9(1), 94–112.
 
58
Kong, X. (2018). SCIO briefing on China’s policy on the Arctic (Translation provided by State Council Information office of the PRC).
 
59
Xinhua. (2018, June 26). China’s Arctic policy.
 
60
China Petroleum News Center. (2021, January 5). Nengyuan zhuanxing qushi xia eluosi de beiji nengyuan zhanlue [Russia’s Arctic energy strategy under the trend of energy transition].
 
61
Secretariat, R. (2020). Renewables 2020 global status report. Rep. Paris: REN12.
 
Literatur
Chen, G. (2012). China’s emerging Arctic strategy. The Polar Journal, 2(2), 358–371.CrossRef
Fang Lexian, & Wang Yujing. (2021). Oumeng yu eluosi qihou hezuo de jinzhan yu juxian [Progress of EU-Russian cooperation on climate]. Heping yu Fazhan [Peace and Development]. 2021(03).
Hovi, J., Sprinz, D. F., & Bang, G. (2010). Why the United States did not become a party to the Kyoto Protocol: German, Norwegian, and US perspectives. European Journal of International Relations, 18(1), 129–150.CrossRef
Kelemen, D. R., & Vogel, D. (2010). Trading places: The role of the US and EU in international environmental politics. Comparative Political Studies, 43(4), 427–456.
Kiselev, S., Romashkin, R., Nelson, G. C., Mason-D’Croz, D., & Palazzo, A. (2013). Russia’s food security and climate change: Looking into the future. Economics, 7(1), 1–66.CrossRef
Mariia, K. (2019). China’s Arctic policy: Present and future. The Polar Journal, 9(1), 94–112.CrossRef
Outka, U. (2016). The Obama administration’s Clean Air Act legacy and the UNFCCC. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 48(1), 109–125.
Parker, C. F., & Karlsson, C. (2018). The UN climate change negotiations and the role of the United States: Assessing American leadership from Copenhagen to Paris. Environmental Politics, 27(3), 519–540.
Pincus, R. (2020). Three-way power dynamics in the Arctic. Strategic Studies Quarterly, 14(1), 40–63.
Sharmina, M., Anderson, K., & Bows-Larkin, A. (2013). Climate change regional review: Russia. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 4(5), 373–396.
Sheng, L. (2014a). Capital controls and international development: A theoretical reconsideration. Global Policy, 5(1), 114–120.CrossRef
Sheng, L. (2014b). Economic structure, cost outsourcing and global imbalances. Journal of Australian Political Economy, 74, 81–95.
Sheng, L. (2015). Theorizing income inequality in the face of financial globalization. The Social Science Journal, 52(3), 415–424.CrossRef
Sheng, L. (2021). How Covid-19 reshapes new world order: Political economy perspective. Springer.
Sheng, L., & do Nascimento, D. F. (2021a). The belt and road initiative in south-south cooperation: The impact on world trade and geopolitics. Palgrave MacMillan.
Sheng, L., & do Nascimento, D. F. (2021b). Love and trade war: China and the US in historical context. Springer.
Tynkkynen, V. P., & Tynkkynen, N. (2018). Climate denial revisited: (Re)contextualising Russian public discourse on climate change during Putin 2.0. Europe-Asia Studies, 70(7), 1103–1120.
Vyalov, S. S., Gerasimov, A. S., & Fotiev, S. M. (1998). Influence of global warming on the state and geotechnical properties of permafrost. Permafrost: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference, 1097–1102.
Yin, Y. C., & Sheng, L. (2021). Theorizing about global imbalances: An inequality perspective. Argumenta Oeconomica, 46, 169–181.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Who Will Win in the Climate Crisis? A Reinterpretation of the Interaction Between Climate Change and Security Issues in the Arctic
verfasst von
Edmund Li Sheng
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Verlag
Springer Singapore
Buch
Arctic Opportunities and Challenges

Print ISBN: 978-981-19-1245-0

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-19-1246-7

Copyright-Jahr: 2022

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1246-7_6

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