nach oben

Urban Ecosystems

Erschienen in:

19.02.2019

Woody species and trait diversity-functional relations of green spaces in Kumasi, Ghana

verfasst von: Bertrand Festus Nero

Erschienen in: Urban Ecosystems | Ausgabe 3/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Urban biodiversity is essential to creating resilient and sustainable cities. Nevertheless, there is paucity of data on the characterization of microhabitat effects on species/trait diversity and diversity-functional relationships in urban landscapes especially in developing countries. The objectives of this study were to; 1) analyze tree species diversity and composition of urban green space (UGS) types and urban zones, (2) describe the life history diversity of UGS types and urban zones and 3) examine the links between species and life history trait diversity and species productivity (carbon storage) in Kumasi, Ghana. Stratified random sampling was adopted in surveying 470 sampling plots and six streets of lengths ranging from 50 m to 1 km. About 176 tree species in 46 families were recorded within Kumasi. About 96 species were in an adjacent natural forest located at the outskirts of the city. Home gardens, institutional compounds, and public parks had the highest species richness of 76, 75 and 71, respectively while urban rangelands and farmlands were the least species rich with 6 and 23, respectively. Species richness (S) in the peri-urban (LDUZ, S = 142) and core urban (HDUZ, S = 108) were significantly different (Χ² = 15.7, p < 0.0001, n = 1). Native species richness was lowest in the core urban area and highest in the natural forest. Pioneers and anthropochory dispersed species were the most abundant, suggesting that this urban landscape is shaped by both environment and social filters. Tree species diversity and distribution depend on the type of UGS and portrays a perturbed landscape in the early seres of succession with the overall ecosystem function sustained by both species and life history trait diversities. The implications of these findings for improving urban biodiversity conservation and overall urban sustainability are discussed.

Vorheriger Artikel Intraspecific trait variation in grassland plant communities along urban-rural gradients

Nächster Artikel Six decades of urban green change in a neotropical city: a case study of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Albrecht H, Haider S (2013) Species diversity and life history traits in calcareous grasslands vary along an urbanization gradient. Biodivers Conserv 22(10):2243–2267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-013-0437-0 CrossRef

Alvey A a (2006) Promoting and preserving biodiversity in the urban forest. Urban For Urban Green 5(4):195–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2006.09.003 CrossRef

Anderson PML et al (2013) Urbanization, biodiversity and ecosystem services: challenges and opportunities. In: Elmqvist T et al (eds) Urbanization, biodiversity and ecosystem services: Challenges and opportunities. A global assessment. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 453–459. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7088-1 CrossRef

Anglaaere LCN, Cobbina J, Sinclair FL, McDonald MA (2011) The effect of land use systems on tree diversity: farmer preference and species composition of cocoa-based agroecosystems in Ghana. Agrofor Syst 81(3):249–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9366-z CrossRef

Angold PG, Sadler JP, Hill MO, Pullin A, Rushton S, Austin K, Small E, Wood B, Wadsworth R, Sanderson R, Thompson K (2006) Biodiversity in urban habitat patches. Sci Total Environ 360(1–3):196–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.035 CrossRefPubMed

Anning AK et al (2008) Floristic composition and vegetation structure of the KNUST botanic garden, Kumasi, Ghana. J Sci Technol 28(3):103–116. Available at: http://www.ajol.info/index.php/just/article/view/33112. Accessed 5 Feb 2019

Aronson MFJ, la Sorte FA, Nilon CH, Katti M, Goddard MA, Lepczyk CA, Warren PS, Williams NSG, Cilliers S, Clarkson B, Dobbs C, Dolan R, Hedblom M, Klotz S, Kooijmans JL, Kuhn I, MacGregor-Fors I, McDonnell M, Mortberg U, Pysek P, Siebert S, Sushinsky J, Werner P, Winter M (2014) A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 281:20133330. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3330 CrossRef

Bezemer TM, Van Der Putten WH (2007) Diversity and stability in plant communities. Nature 446(7135):E6–E7; discussion E7-8. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05749 CrossRefPubMed

Burton ML, Samuelson LJ, Pan S (2005) Riparian woody plant diversity and forest structure along an urban-rural gradient. Urban Ecosystems 8(1):93–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-005-1421-6 CrossRef

Cardinale BJ, Wright JP, Cadotte MW, Carroll IT, Hector A, Srivastava DS, Loreau M, Weis JJ (2007) Impacts of plant diversity on biomass production increase through time because of species complementarity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(46):18123–18128. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709069104 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Caruso T, Migliorini M (2006) A new formulation of the geometric series with applications to oribatid (Acari, Oribatida) species assemblages from human-disturbed Mediterranean areas. Ecol Model 195(3–4):402–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.11.042 CrossRef

Chao A, Chazdon RL, Shen TJ (2005) A new statistical approach for assessing similarity of species composition with incidence and abundance data. Ecol Lett 8(2):148–159. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00707.x CrossRef

Chao A, Chazdon RL, Colwell RK, Shen TJ (2006) Abundance-based similarity indices and their estimation when there are unseen species in samples. Biometrics 62(2):361–371. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2005.00489.x CrossRefPubMed

Chapin FS et al (2000) Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature 405(6783):234–242CrossRefPubMed

Cilliers S, Cilliers J, Lubbe R, Siebert S (2013) Ecosystem services of urban green spaces in African countries—perspectives and challenges. Urban Ecosystems 16(4):681–702. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-012-0254-3 CrossRef

Do Y, Lineman M, Joo GJ (2014) ‘Carabid beetles in green infrastructures: the importance of management practices for improving the biodiversity in a metropolitan city. Urban Ecosystems 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-014-0348-1, 17

Ellis EC, Ramankutty N (2008) Putting people in the map: anthropogenic biomes of the world. Front Ecol Environ 6(8):439–447. https://doi.org/10.1890/070062 CrossRef

Enninful R (2013) Assessment of floral compostion, structure and natural regeneration of the Tano Offin globally significant biodiversity area. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

European Commission (2013) In: Jones A et al (eds) Soil atlas of Africa. Office of the European Union, Luxemburg. https://doi.org/10.2788/52319 CrossRef

Fahrig L, Baudry J, Brotons L, Burel FG, Crist TO, Fuller RJ, Sirami C, Siriwardena GM, Martin JL (2011) Functional landscape heterogeneity and animal biodiversity in agricultural landscapes. Ecol Lett 14(2):101–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01559.x CrossRefPubMed

Fattorini S (2005) A simple method to fit geometric series and broken stick models in community ecology and island biogeography. Acta Oecol 28(3):199–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2005.04.003 CrossRef

Forestry COmmission (2014) Owabi wildlife sanctuary / Ramsar site management plan. Unpublished work

Glaeser C (2006) The floristic composition and community structure of the Forest Park Woodland, Queens County, New York. Urban Habitats 4(1):102–126. Available at: http://www.urbanhabitats.org/v04n01/forestpark_full.html

Gravel D, Canham CD, Beaudet M, Messier C (2006) Reconciling niche and neutrality: the continuum hypothesis. Ecol Lett 9(4):399–409. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2006.00884.x CrossRefPubMed

Griffin JN, Silliman BR (2012) Resource partitioning and why it matters. Nature Education Knowledge 3(10):49

Hackman KO (2014) The state of biodiversity in Ghana: knowledge gaps and prioritization. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 6(9):681–701. https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC2014.0739 CrossRef

Hawthorne W, Gyakari N (2006) Photoguide for the forest trees of Ghana; trees spotters’s field guide for identifying the largest trees. Oxford Forestry Institute, Oxford, UK

Heip CHR, Herman PMJ, Soetaert K (1998) Indices of diversity and evenness*. Oceanis 24(4):61–87

Hope D, Gries C, Zhu W, Fagan WF, Redman CL, Grimm NB, Nelson AL, Martin C, Kinzig A (2003) Socioeconomics drive plant diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100(15):8788–8792. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Huang L, Chen H, Ren H, Wang J, Guo Q (2013) Effect of urbanization on the structure and functional traits of remnant subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in South China. Environ Monit Assess 185(6):5003–5018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2921-5 CrossRefPubMed

Hubbell SP (2001) The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey

Kankam BO, Saj L, Sicotte P (2013) Short-term variation in forest dynamics : increase in tree den sity in Boabeng-Fiema monkey sanctuary, GHANA. Ghana Journal of Forestry 29(1 & 2):19–33

Kattge J et al (2011) TRY - a global database of plant traits. Glob Chang Biol 17(9):2905–2935. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02451.x CrossRefPubMedCentral

Kinzig AP et al (2005) The effects of human socioeconomic status and cultural characteristics on urban patterns of biodivertsity. Ecol Soc 10(1):23CrossRef

KMA, Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (2013) The composite budget of the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly for the 2013 fiscal year. Kumasi. Available at: http://old.sheltercentre.org/shelterlibrary/items/pdf/Ghana.pdf. Accessed 13 May 2014

Knapp S, Kühn I, Schweiger O, Klotz S (2008a) Challenging urban species diversity: contrasting phylogenetic patterns across plant functional groups in Germany. Ecol Lett 11(10):1054–1064. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01217.x CrossRefPubMed

Knapp S, Kühn I, Wittig R et al (2008b) Urbanization causes shifts in species’ trait state frequencies. Preslia 80(4):375–388

Koleff P, Gaston KJ, Lennon JJ (2003) Measuring Beta diversity for presence-absence data. J Anim Ecol 72(3):367–382CrossRef

Kowarik I (2011) Novel urban ecosystems, biodiversity, and conservation. Environ Pollut. Elsevier Ltd, 159(8–9): 1974–1983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.02.022

Krebs CJ (2014) Ecological Methdology, 3rd edn. Addison-Wesley Educational publishers, Inc

Kuhner A, Kleyer M (2009) A parsimonious combination of functional traits predicting plant response to disturbance and soil fertility. J Veg Sci 19(5):681–692CrossRef

Liang J et al (2016) Positive biodiversity – productivity relationship predominant in global forests. Science 354(6309):14. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaf8957 CrossRef

López-Martínez JO et al (2013) β-Diversity of functional groups of woody plants in a tropical dry forest in Yucatan. PloS One 8(9):e73660. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073660 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Lososova Z, Chytry M, Kuhn I (2008) Plant attributes determining the regional abundance of weeds on central European arable land. J Biogeogr 35(1):177–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2007.01778.x CrossRef

Magurran AE (2004) Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK

Manu A, Twumasi YA, Coleman TL (2006) Is it the result of global warming or urbanization ? The rise in air temperature in two cities in Ghana is it the result of global warming or urbanization? The Rise in Air Temperature in Two Cities in Ghana, in 5th FIG Regional Conference

Mcdonald RI, Marcotullio PJ, Güneralp B (2013) Urbanization and global trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services. In: Elmqvist T et al (eds) Urbanization, biodiversity and ecosystem services: challenges and opportunities: a global assessment. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 31–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7088-1 CrossRef

McDonnell MJ, Hahs AK (2013) The future of urban biodiversity research: moving beyond the “low hanging fruits”. Urban Ecosystems 16(3):397–409CrossRef

McKinney ML (2006) Urbanization as a major cause of biotic homogenization. Biol Conserv 127(3):247–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.005 CrossRef

McKinney ML (2008) Effect of urbanization on species richness: a review of plants and animals. Urban Ecosystems 11:161–176CrossRef

Ministry of Environment Science and Technology (2013) Ghana National Climate Change Policy. A publication by the Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, Republic of Ghana, Accra

Mora C, Tittensor DP, Adl S, Simpson AGB, Worm B (2011) How many species are there on earth and in the ocean? PLoS Biol 9(8):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127 CrossRef

Muller N et al (2013) Patterns and trends in urban biodviersity and landscape design. In Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities, pp 609–628. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7088-1

Nero BF (2009) Carbon sequestration resulting from bottomland hardwood afforestation in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV). Mississippi State University

Nero BF (2017a) Urban green space dynamics and socio- environmental inequity : multi-resolution and spatiotemporal data analysis of Kumasi , Ghana. Int J Remote Sens. Taylor & Francis, 38(23):6993–7020. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2017.1370152

Nero BF (2017b) Urban green spaces enhance carbon sequestration and conserve biodiversity in cities of the Global South : case of Kumasi , Ghana. PhD Thesis, University of Bonn

Niemelä J (1999) Ecology and urban planning. Biodivers Conserv 8(1):119–131. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008817325994 CrossRef

Nowak DJ et al (2008) A ground-based method of assessing urban forest structure and ecosystem services. Arboricult Urban For 34(6):347–358. https://doi.org/10.1039/b712015j CrossRef

Orwa C, Mutua A, Kindt R, Jamnadass R, Anthony S (2009) Agroforestree database: a tree reference and selection guide. Version 4.0. World Agroforestry Center, Nairobi

Oteng-Amoako AA (2002) 100 tropical african timber trees from Ghana: tree description and wood identification with notes on distribution, ecology, silviculture, ethnobotany, and wood uses. Forest Research Institute of Ghana, Kumasi

Owusu K (2009) Changing rainfall climatology of West Africa: implications for rainfed agriculture in Ghana and water sharing in the Volta Basin. University of Florida

Pappoe ANM et al (2010) Composition and stand structure of a tropical moist semi-deciduous forest in Ghana. Plant Sci 1(4):095–106

Pauchard A, Aguayo M, Peña E, Urrutia R (2006) Multiple effects of urbanization on the biodiversity of developing countries: the case of a fast-growing metropolitan area (Concepci??n, Chile). Biol Conserv 127(3):272–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2005.05.015 CrossRef

Pauleit S, Ennos R, Golding Y (2005) Modeling the environmental impacts of urban land use and land cover change—a study in Merseyside, UK. Landsc Urban Plan 71(2–4):295–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.03.009 CrossRef

Pickett STA, Cadenasso ML, Grove JM, Groffman PM, Band LE, Boone CG, Burch WR, Grimmond CSB, Hom J, Jenkins JC, Law NL, Nilon CH, Pouyat RV, Szlavecz K, Warren PS, Wilson MA (2008) Beyond urban legends: an emerging framework of urban ecology , as illustrated by the baltimore ecosystem study. BioScience 58(2):139–150CrossRef

Pickett S et al (2012) Understanding and working with urban biodiversity: the Baltimore ecosystem study. CityGreen #4. A Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology Publication, Singapore

Reich PB, Knops J, Tilman D, Craine J, Ellsworth D, Tjoelker M, Lee T, Wedin D, Naeem S, Bahauddin D, Hendrey G, Jose S, Wrage K, Goth J, Bengston W (2001) Plant diversity enhances ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 and nitrogen deposition. Nature 410(6830):809–812. https://doi.org/10.1038/35071062 CrossRefPubMed

Santiago LS, Wright SJ (2007) Leaf functional traits of tropical forest plants in relation to growth form. Funct Ecol 21(1):19–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01218.x CrossRef

Savage AM, Hackett B, Guénard B, Youngsteadt EK, Dunn RR (2015) Fine-scale heterogeneity across Manhattan’s urban habitat mosaic is associated with variation in ant composition and richness. Insect Conservation and Diversity 8(3):216–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12098 CrossRef

Seto KC, Güneralp B, Hutyra LR (2012) Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(40):16083–16088. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211658109 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Tilman D (2001) Functional diversity. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, pp 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-226865-2/00132-2

Tokeshi M (1990) Niche apportionment or random assortment: species abundance patterns revisited. J Anim Ecol 59(3):1129–1146. https://doi.org/10.2307/5036 CrossRef

Vergnon R, Dulvy NK, Freckleton RP (2009) Niches versus neutrality: uncovering the drivers of diversity in a species-rich community. Ecol Lett 12(10):1079–1090. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01364.x CrossRefPubMed

Whittaker RH (1965) Dominance and diversity in land plant communities. Science 147(3655):250–260. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3655.250 CrossRefPubMed

Williams NSG, Schwartz MW, Vesk PA, McCarthy MA, Hahs AK, Clemants SE, Corlett RT, Duncan RP, Norton BA, Thompson K, McDonnell MJ (2008) A conceptual framework for predicting the effects of urban environments on floras. J Ecol 97(1):4–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01460.x CrossRef

Wilson MVM, Shmida A (1984) Measuring Beta diversity with presence-absence data. J Ecol 72(3):1055–1064. https://doi.org/10.2307/2259551 CrossRef

Titel: Woody species and trait diversity-functional relations of green spaces in Kumasi, Ghana
verfasst von: Bertrand Festus Nero
Publikationsdatum: 19.02.2019
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Urban Ecosystems / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 1083-8155
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-1642
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-019-00835-z

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2019

Assessment of critical habitat for common snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) in an urbanized coastal wetland

Intraspecific trait variation in grassland plant communities along urban-rural gradients

The influence of land cover and within-pool characteristics on larval, froglet, and adult wood frogs along a rural to suburban gradient

Spatial ecology of urban striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in the Northern Great Plains: a framework for future oral rabies vaccination programs

Can opportunistic citizen sightings assist in the monitoring of an elusive, crepuscular mammal in an urban environment?

Wild bees and urban agriculture: assessing pollinator supply and demand across urban landscapes