XIV International Scientific Conference “INTERAGROMASH 2021"

The article analyzes digital technologies adoption in the agro-industrial complex using the example of the Rostov region as a geostrategic territory and one of the promising regions in terms of economic development for the formation of world-class scientific and educational centers in the context of global macroeconomic changes. The growing world population and changing dietary patterns are increasing the demand for food. Crop yields are declining in many parts of the world, oceans are deteriorating, and natural resources, including soil, water and biodiversity, are becoming dangerously small. The trend of digitalization of the economy before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as its rapid development immediately in 2020, is described. It is concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the formation of a new high-tech food production market and pushed for investments in promising directions for the development of the agro-industrial complex in the context of macroeconomic changes in Russia and the world.

A generalized analysis of the directions of improving the operational reliability and efficiency of the use of MES in the implementation of technological processes in the agro-industrial complex is performed. On the basis of the analysis, a methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of technical service strategies by a comprehensive indicator of the effectiveness of reliability management based on functional operational diagnostics of MES and their structural elements is proposed. A technical and economic assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed methodology was performed.

The article is devoted to actual issues of information and digital transformation of the real economy on the example of monitoring processes for epizootic state of animals. It is assumed that the transformation process, primarily an organizational project, points to the collective and iterative nature of the information and digital transformation process, the core of which is the integration of knowledge, the carriers of which must meet high qualification requirements at each stage of the transformation trajectory. This methodological benchmark contributes to the achievement of the most effective end results with the optimal use of resources. The main methodological approaches, technological methods of creating software and hardware tools for automating production and technological processes for monitoring the epizootic state of animals with the ability to visualize output reports are presented. The form and content of the output reports correspond to technological regulations of veterinary reporting, and prostate of the user interface allows manipulating data in a wide range for comprehensive study of the object in question. The results can be used by both analysts-researchers and specialists of real production, as well as developers of software products as methodological approach.

At present, in Russia, brewer's grain is used for the needs of animal husbandry in its raw form, which creates a number of difficulties that reduce the efficiency of using this valuable feed. This is due, firstly, to the fact that raw grains deteriorate during storage and become unsuitable for feeding, secondly—transportation of raw grains is difficult due to the high content of water in it and transportation costs greatly increase the cost of grains. The need to preserve raw brewer's grains by drying is dictated by the fact that dry grains are capable of long-term storage and good transportation, which ensures the rational use of this valuable feed. Having good transportability, dry grains, when used for the production of compound feed, can greatly contribute to the rational regulation of feed balances in animal husbandry in certain economic regions of Russia. In industrial practice, drying processes are widespread, in which the material is processed in a suspended layer, which is one of the most effective means of intensifying production. Due to the use of a suspended layer, it is possible to reduce the processing time of certain materials by using higher speeds of material flows.

Experimental studies were carried out in 2020 in the Rostov region. The problem of the shortage of high-quality high-protein feed was considered, in particular, the problem of the shortage of the main source of protein in feed - fishmeal on the world market, its causes and possible solutions. Due the research, the technologies for obtaining the protein concentrate were analyzed and the most effective was determined. The paper presents the results of the study of the efficiency of dividing the larva of a fly Hermetia Illucens into fractions: chitin, protein and fat according to the yield of protein concentrate and amino acid composition. The results of the analysis of the amino acid composition of the cuticle and muscle mass showed that a large proportion of amino acids remain in the cuticle. This may be due to the fact that the bulk of fat passes into the viscera and, thereby, the proportion of protein (amino acids) decreases. In addition, the loss of amino acids during the separation into fractions is 2.9%.

The issues of analysis and synthesis of the method of forming grinding loads in devices with a magnetically fluidized layer of ferrobodies are considered. Represented by the linear theory of the organization impact and abrasive loads with constant electromagnetic field. When developing a linear theory and physical and mathematical modeling of force and energy dispersion conditions, the basic theory of the method of mechanical activation in a magnetically fluidized layer of ferrobodies was used, based on the development of J. K. Maxwell's dipole model “on the interaction of ferroballs under the influence of forces and moments of a magnetic field.” The research results are confirmed both by the visual method of high-speed cinematography (ultra-rapid), and by the methods of experimental and statistical studies of physical and mechanical processes on models, mock-ups and experimental samples of a standard series of electromagnetic devices with a magnetically fluidized layer of ferromagnetic elements. The research was carried out within the framework of the leading scientific school of prof. M. M. Bezzubtseva “Efficient use of energy, intensification of electrotechnological processes”, registered in the register of scientific schools of St. Petersburg. The basic theoretical provisions and mathematical models formulated in the article are of great practical importance and allow designing energy-efficient electrotechnological devices for mechanical activation and grinding of materials for various purposes.

Probiotics are actively studied and used to improve the health of animals and humans. One of the essential properties of many probiotics is their antagonism to various pathogens, realized in a wide range of ways. These ways include producing antibiotic substances (antimicrobial and antifungal) capable of suppressing pathogenic microorganisms’ vital activity and not harming the host organism. In this review, we focus on analyzing the role of polyketides in producer organisms’ vital activity, their antibiotic ability against pathogens in animals and humans, and their contribution to probiotics’ antagonism with pathogens.

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis is the main process for obtaining synthetic hydrocarbons from a mixture of CO and H2, called synthesis gas. The process is carried out using catalysts based on cobalt or iron, supported on carriers of various nature. The composition of the resulting product depends on the process conditions and the catalyst used [1]. The authors obtained a cobalt-magnesium-zirconium catalyst of the following composition: Co—100; MgO—6,5; ZrO2—9,8; carrier—200. Diatomite from the Malchevskoye deposit of the Rostov region was chosen as a carrier. The mechanical strength, chemical composition, degree of reduction of catalysts, as well as their activity and selectivity with respect to the target fraction have been investigated. 225–335 °C. Catalytic tests were carried out in a laboratory unit under conditions close to industrial technological parameters. Based on the study, the data obtained on the activity and selectivity of the catalyst in the process of obtaining synthetic hydrocarbon fuel by the Fischer–Tropsch method allow us to speak about its operating parameters and evaluate them as satisfactory in comparison with similar catalytic systems.

A generalized analysis of the ways to improve the operational reliability and efficiency of the use of MES in the implementation of technological processes in the agro-industrial complex is presented. On the basis of the conducted analysis, methods of operational reliability management based on functional operational diagnostics of mobile power facilities and their structural elements are developed. The models of increasing the interval operational reliability of mobile power facilities and their structural elements in the implementation of various technical service strategies are substantiated.

The efficiency of grain crops production largely depends on the technical and technological level of agricultural machinery used by enterprises of the agro-industrial complex, among which seeders are among the most demanded and structurally complex. Grain seeders are available in two basic configurations—monoblock (classic seeders) and single-unit seeders, which are now commonly called seeding complexes. The machines of these two groups differ significantly from each other not only structurally, but also in terms of operation and functional indicators. Therefore, in terms of optimizing the design, production and operation of seeders, it is important to have an objective comparative assessment of their technical characteristics and performance indicators. The study was carried out by statistical processing and analysis of data from 70 test reports of seeders that passed certification at mechanical test stations of the Russian Federation in the 21st centure, the analysis of which showed that, in terms of agrotechnical and operational indicators, the seeding complexes are somewhat inferior to “classic” grain seeders, but at the same time they allow the implementation of rowless method of sowing grain on an unprepared stubble background, which are the most promising from the point of view of modern production experience.

Probiotics are of great practical importance in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine. However, at times, putting them into operation is fraught with difficulties caused by unexpected side effects. This is often due to the selection of an inappropriate model organism when testing probiotics. The model organism must meet a number of requirements, and at the same time be convenient for use. One of the models widely used at the moment is based on nematodes. Caenorhabditis elegans is currently being used as a model organism to study host-bacteria interactions in the gut and the general effect of probiotics on the host organism. On nematodes, one-time studies of a particular group of potentially suitable probiotics can be carried out. And nematodes can also be considered quite convenient organisms to be used as test systems for a wide range of probiotics. Nematodes have a number of advantages over other model organisms, however, they are also limited in use, so they have not yet ousted their competitors. Here, we will show the features and consider the pros and cons of this model host for probiotic studies.

Recently, spore-forming bacteria have been frequently used to solve various problems of humanity. They are used in the creation of probiotic additives to improve the agricultural traits of animals (egg production in chickens, resistance to disease, the ability to better process feed, etc.), in the creation of probiotics for humans, as well as in the design of biological products to combat plant pests. All of the above properties are associated with secondary metabolites of different nature, of which a group of non-ribosomal-synthesized peptides stands out. This is related not only to their broad functional significance but also to their significant representation in spore-forming bacteria. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the regulation of the expression of genes responsible for the synthesis of NRPS (non-ribosomal peptide synthases) as a mechanism of antifungal activity of spore-forming bacteria.

Effective production of agricultural products in Russia at the level of leading world countries (USA, Germany, France, etc.) became possible after significant reform of the agro-industrial complex with the transition to the most modern technologies with full compliance with all components and mainly agronomic, technical, economic. The materials of the scientific and analytical article present the results of research on obtaining high yields with good quality agricultural products using technologies of innovative intra-soil differentiated application of mineral fertilizers with a combined X Tender + Cenius aggregate manufactured by Eurotechnika JSC of the Russian Federation.

The efficiency of grain production depends on the level of technology that ensures the maximum yield. Progressive agriculture is based on the optimization of all elements of technological processes and, first of all, the composition of machine and tractor units. The article presents an analytical review of the German Primera DMC seeders of the AMAZONEN-Werke company produced by JSC Eurotechnika (Samara), which are in significant demand in Russia, as well as their equipment for differentiated sowing of seeds depending on soil fertility and moisture availability during irrigation.

A further increase in the efficiency of agricultural production in recent years and in future, according to experts, is constrained and will be aggravated by unfavorable natural and climatic collisions associated to a greater extent with the objectively developing atmospheric warming due to an increase in solar radiation, air temperature from overheating of soils in summer period, unproductive moisture loss and a decrease in precipitation during the growing season of plant development. The article presents the research of the Samara State Agrarian University to improve a wide range of constituent elements and technologies in general for the cultivation of agricultural crops that reduce the negative impact of weather conditions in “risky” farming.

At present, the problem is a significant injury to the grain during the threshing process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a low-traumatic method of separating grain from the ear, excluding the impact on it. It is proposed to use the action of a jet of air on the ear, leading to its rolling over the deck of the threshing device and causing abrasion, resulting in the release of grains. The aim of the research is to study the process of pneumatic threshing of ears and to assess the influence of its parameters on the isolation and injury of grain, as well as on its separation. There was used a pneumatic threshing device, in which threshing is carried out with the interaction of the ear and the deck, carried out under the alternating action of high and low air pressure created by the rotor blades. The pneumatic threshing method ensures less trauma to the grains. The proportion of grains with damage to the endosperm in the pneumatic threshing method is 10–12%, and the proportion of grains with damage to the embryo is 5% less than in the traditional method. The reduction of injury is achieved by the fact that the grains are not exposed to the impact of the working bodies. The rational range of the linear speed of the rotor blades of the threshing device, which provides minimal injury to the grains, is 13.5–15 m/s. As a result of pneumatic threshing, the ears are effectively separated into fractions of whole grain and a light non-grain part, which can be used as feed. The use of the pneumatic threshing method will reduce the injury to grain of spike crops, which will increase the yield of high-quality seeds.

In today’s world, optimization is what needs to be talked about. The explosive growth of the Internet and communication technologies has made the widespread use of images inevitable. The special characteristics of the image, such as high bit rate with limited bandwidth, redundancy, bulk capacity, and correlation between pixels, make standard algorithms unsuitable for image encryption. As cybercrime has reached an all-time high, pre-encryption of data is required for protection. From personal data traded on the dark web to application vulnerabilities, our data is constantly monitored, making encryption paramount. When it comes to encryption, AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) is the gold standard for security. It is a subset of the Rijndael block cipher, which uses a 128-bit data block and a 128-bit, 192-bit and 256-bit key size, giving three different versions of AES, namely AES128, AES192, and AES256. It is a symmetric encryption algorithm that uses the same key for encryption and decryption. The article proposes an algorithm based on a modified AES key extension, in which the encryption process is a bitwise exclusive or an operation of a set of image pixels together with 128-bit key that changes for each set of pixels.

This article discusses the questions related to the modification of SIDH (Supersingular Isogeny Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange) cryptoalgorithm. SIDH is a post-quantum algorithm which can be used to establish a shared secret key between two parties. Since several quantum attacks have been discovered recently, classical Diffie-Hellman algorithm is considered insecure and SIDH has become a much better alternative. Article provides a mathematical model of the algorithm with necessary definitions and formal description of the key exchange process. Possible attacks against SIDH are also discussed with detailed review of existing methods that can be used to prevent them. The most effective attack against SIDH is GPST attack that was discovered in 2017. Its formal model is examined with exploring necessary adjustments to make this attack ineffective. Based on this result, a modification which ensures security against the GPST attack is implemented. The article contains a description of the implementation with samples of its interface. Performance of the implemented software is estimated by the Mann-Whitney U-test.

The article discusses issues related to the post-quantum public key cryptosystem based on algebraic coding—the Niederreiter cryptographic system. Comparison of this cryptosystem with others that are also based on linear codes. The value, uniqueness, cryptographic strength, as well as the encryption algorithm and scheme of this system, its modification and optimization are considered. A description of the Niederreiter cryptosystem is proposed. The developed algorithm is a modification of the Niederreiter cryptosystem with improved cryptographic strength. To improve the software implementation, the proposed algorithm was also optimized, analytically analyzed and all its advantages were proved. The work of the embedded software with the Niddereiter cryptosystem and with the McEliece cryptosystem is shown. We performed a comparative analysis of the performance of cryptographic systems not only with each other according to the software algorithm, but also considered individual cases with Hamming codes and with Reed-Muller codes. Comparative characteristics of each of the cryptosystems, their advantages and disadvantages are shown.

The report discusses the modification of RMSS algorithm (Ralf Merkle Signature Scheme) taking into account modern vulnerabilities. This report presents theoretical description of the post-quantum XMSS algorithm, differences between modification XMSS and classical RMSS, software implementation algorithm with increased cryptographic security and reduced size of the generated information with a small or insignificant decrease in performance, software tests and performance comparing using the Mann-Whitney U-test. This modification of the classical algorithm increase the number of keys available for signing, speed up the operation of creating signatures, and increase its reliability and security. It is using of random bit mask that allows replacing the family of collision-resistant hash-functions with family of hash-functions that are resistant to collisions of the second kind (second-preimage resistance). According to Mann-Whitney U-test results the differences between the classical implementation of the algorithm and the modified version are in the significance zone for both values of the probability of non-acceptance of the null hypothesis.

A drilling machine is presented, equipped with a hydraulic drive with self-adaptation according to the load and coordination of the kinematic and power parameters of the main movement and the movement of the working body feed. For research and design of the proposed adaptive hydraulic drive based on mathematical modeling methods, its mathematical model is proposed, developed using the foundations of the theory of volumetric stiffness of hydraulic systems. The solution of the obtained mathematical model was carried out in the software environment for dynamic modeling of technical systems SimInTech. As a result, general dependences of the functional parameters of the adaptive system on the design parameters and technological conditions of its functioning were obtained. The solution of the mathematical model of the adaptive hydraulic drive shows the fundamental possibility of implementing the principle of self-adaptation by load, with external and internal disturbing influences during operation. The results obtained can be used in the design of adaptive systems of technological equipment for various purposes.

An original design of the stand is proposed for carrying out resource tests of plunger hydraulic cylinders with energy recovery. The stand is designed for life tests of high and medium power plunger hydraulic cylinders, which allows saving up to 80% of energy due to its reuse during testing. In the article, based on the use of the theory of volumetric stiffness of hydraulic systems, a mathematical model of the hydro mechanical system of the stand is obtained, which allows to describe with high accuracy the functioning of the stand in the process of testing hydraulic cylinders. Studies of the functioning of the proposed stand, carried out using the obtained mathematical model, have confirmed the high efficiency of the energy recovery method used in the development of the stand's schematic diagram. The solution of the mathematical model was carried out using the SimInNech software package for solving differential equations. The analysis of the results obtained in the calculation of the results allows already at the design stage of the stand to reveal the rational values of its design parameters, which will give a significant saving of resources during its operation.

Object: to propose a mathematical model of a diaphragm-type throttle flow divider, confirmed by experimental and theoretical studies, static load and speed characteristics, equipped with a throttle flow divider, of a synchronous hydraulic system, calculated using the model. Methods: comprehensive empirical analysis of a throttling flow divider, design and principle of operation of which exclude the use of spool pair as a shut-off and regulating element. Consideration of the structural mathematical model of membrane type throttle flow divider. Theoretical analysis of source materials. Findings: the article analyzes the static load and speed characteristics of the hydraulic system, which includes the considered diaphragm-type throttle hydraulic device, dividing the flow of the working fluid into two parts in a predetermined ratio. The mathematical model of the considered diaphragm throttle flow divider is analyzed. The principle of operation and the device of a throttle flow divider, the shut-off and control element of which is based on the use of a shut-off and control membrane-type element, are considered. Conclusions: The obtained results of the empirical and theoretical complex analysis of the investigated mathematical model, design and principle of operation of the membrane-type throttle flow divider fully satisfy the assigned tasks.

This article addresses issues related to the modification of the McEliece cryptosystem. The software development presented in this article is crypto stability, the original McEliece algorithm is post-quantum, unlike its counterparts. The theoretical description of the McEliece cryptosystem was considered. More cryptographically secure combinations are considered for the selection of various parameters, and an estimate of the algorithm's strength is calculated when these parameters are taken into account or not. A mathematical model of the original algorithm was developed. It analyzes the original McEliece algorithm and modifications with leader decoding and decoding over Hamming distance. The result was confirmation that the original algorithm was the most efficient. When analyzing the modifications among themselves, it was concluded that the operating time of the modification in terms of the Hamming distance practically did not differ from the original, but significantly differed from the modification of the leader decoding. The leader decode modification was found to be the most ineffective. The program itself was written in the object-oriented Python 3 language, development environment—IDLE.

The article presents the materials of examinations carried out during a full-scale examination of the process of splicing a steel rope, conducting a magnetic defectoscopy and subsequent observations of the performance of a steel rope at the ski resorts of Krasnaya Polyana. The results of studies of the causes of the formation of “waviness” defects in the splicing section of the steel rope, as well as defects in the form of wire breakage of the steel rope in the splicing section and a defect in reducing and increasing the diameter of the steel rope in the splicing section are presented.

The article presents the results of studies that make it possible to increase the efficiency of transport logistics, the culture of production and technical maintenance of the equipment used when disposing of solid household waste in an urbanized environment using rope transport. The method includes reloading household waste from adjoining containers using hinged manipulators installed on a vehicle equipped with at least one standard size with fastening units, a unified container. The latter is equipped with pressing equipment for compaction. After reloading, subsequent delivery is carried out to at least one site, loading and unloading operations are carried out at the said sites from a motor vehicle to vehicles and transported to a waste sorting, processing and disposal point. After that, the method uses conveyor production, based on the use of a cargo suspended cable car for the removal of solid household waste with a sequential combination of transportation, washing, treatment with antiseptic drugs, maintenance, waiting and storage of means for transporting solid waste. The method allows simplifying and reducing technological operations for the collection and transportation of solid household waste, to reduce the time between waste collection and disposal, to increase the efficiency of waste disposal, to improve the ecological state of settlements.

The study of complex geometric shape fractal object aerodynamics is implemented with use of the finite element method and modern software calculation systems. Specially developed terminology for three-dimensional fractal structures is used for the analysis. It is assumed that the fractal structure has an advantage over structures that have a rectangular shape in plan. The ANSYS Fluent module is used to simulate the wind effects on the structure. The values of wind speeds over the entire height of the building and the pressure on the exostructure are obtained during the investigation. Turbulent pulsations zones of the structure are identified. At the same time, it is pointed, that the fractal structure effectively perceives wind flows without the occurrence of extreme speeds and vortices. Investigation of wind effects should be used to assess the aerodynamic comfort of pedestrian zones. An additional analysis of the distribution of wind flow lines is carried out for the modified form of the fractal structure.

In conditions of modern intensify of the international economic interactions, there increase the practical importance of the concept of “economic gravity” and the influence of related internal socio-political factors. One of the directions of more complete and adequate formalization and modeling the conditions of multiplicity of factors of socio-economic interactions and strengthening of trends of economic uncertainty can be the use of tools of the fuzzy set theory. The proposing tool implements fuzzy algorithms for the location of logistics centers in countries and regions characterized, firstly, by the significance of spatial-intermediary functions for the external economic environment, secondly, by a relatively small volume of internal trade flows, and, thirdly, by the vastness of the territory—such as Russia or Mongolia. To justify the location of logistics centers, the so-called multi-attribute decision-making system was implemented. Elaborated algorithm can be used not only as a tool to improve the efficiency of foreign economic activity of Mongolian firms, but also to optimize the logistics of export-import operations of economic entities of other countries, as well as any territories that perform spatial-intermediary functions relative to external centers of economic gravity.

To measure the pressure in the experimental research high-pressure chamber, a ruby crystal was used, for which R2 is analytically described—the line of the luminescence spectrum with a confidence factor from 0.9905 to 0.9964, while it was experimentally established that the parameter of non-hydrostatic compression of ruby crystals, which is used as a pressure gauge, with a thickness of 3.0 mm at a temperature of 23 °C and pressure of 583,8 MPa has a value greater than 5 times the specified precision. The use of a ruby crystal with a thickness of 0.5 mm as a manometer makes it possible to obtain an accuracy of recording the pressure of ± 10 MPa.

The present paper suggests a mathematical model of a function of object blurring in the primary image. This model can be implemented into software for automated systems of monitoring, control and measuring of moving and stationary objects pertaining to various categories. Function of blurring takes into account the values of parameters of the medium that is located between the monitoring system and a target object, color components of object’s image and background, movement parameters of the object and the detector, parameters of means of detecting and primary image processing. The suggested model of image blurring helps present the blurring function as an important information criterion, which allows determining the parameters of movement and state of a target object, properties of the medium where video recording is being made, characteristics of hardware and software measurement system and also assessing the possibility to apply calculation algorithms and schemes of detection, capturing and recognition of particular objects.

Ensuring the food security of the Russian Federation requires improving the methods of modeling the productivity of agricultural crops, for which various approaches are used in agricultural production, including nonlinear statistical technologies. The article presents the developed method of constructing a mathematical model of time series (TS) for predicting the yield of grain crops in the Statistic system. The forecast is based on representative samples based on the example of two TS—long-term yield levels and statistical data on electricity generation in the Russian Federation. The methodology of mathematical modeling of TS is justified taking into account a priori information about the structure of the simulated TS. The technique involves identifying the cyclical nature of TS at the stage of pre-forecast analysis. For the short-term description of the data, an exponential smoothing model was used. For long-term forecasting, the choice of the seasonal autoregression model and the integrated moving average ARIMA (0,1,1)(0,1,1) is justified, its parameters are determined and its adequacy to real statistical data is proved. Using the found mathematical model, a long—term prediction (period—12 months) was performed on the example of electricity generation in the Russian Federation with a 90% confidence interval. The methodology presented in this paper for analyzing non-stationary time series using computer modeling tools Statistica can also be used to predict retrospective data in various fields of scientific and applied activity for the analysis and forecasting of TS, which are characterized by a seasonal component and a trend.

There is now an increased interest in distributed generation (DG) plants located in close proximity to power consumers; at the same time, it is assumed that a significant number of the DG facilities utilizes renewable energy resources. The wide use of DG technologies in electrical energy systems (EES) requires development of new control algorithms in normal, emergency, and postemergency modes. The issues of determining limit loads for the EES equipped with DG plants are of particular importance. These plants can be removed from the consumption centers, which leads to a ‘narrowing’ of static aperiodic stability (SAS) areas. This paper presents the results of studies aimed at developing methods for determining the SAS areas in the EES equipped with DG plants. On the basis of the limiting mode equations, an effective technique for determining the EES stability areas with DG plants for various network structures were propose, and the results of building SAS areas for an electrical network with distributed generation were present. Additionally, simulation of transient processes in the EES under study were carried out for various points in the space of the mode controlled parameters in MATLAB.

The process of transporting goods is one of the most important human needs, the efficiency of which is determined by the work of transport. Advances in information technology and management principles optimize traffic load on the road network, speed of delivery, quality of service, and operating costs. The use of information technology allows the elements of the transport system to promote effective communication. This study examines logistics processes in supply chain management, information technologies in management and the prospects for their use in the transport logistics segment, with special attention to the key factors affecting the efficiency of transportation, allowing data collection. These innovative tools for collecting traffic data open up new perspectives for assessing transport accessibility by providing high quality metrics that meet the requirements for use in transport planning. The main goal of this study is to provide an overview of information technologies applied to transport, allowing to work effectively in a competitive environment and improve the quality of service.

The dependence of the built-up land value on the factor of the surrounding land value is beyond doubt. However, the final cost of the assessed land plot is significantly influenced by two more factors—the remoteness of the object from the district center as the main place of products sale and the influence of the population in the district center and in the district. The study purpose is to determine the influence of distance and population size factors on the cadastral value of agricultural land. When determining it, it is necessary to take into account the synergistic effect associated with the production use of facilities located on them, location, population. Due to this, the cost of such plots is much higher in comparison with the surrounding arable land, pastures, and hayfields. On the given example of the Bezenchuksky district lands, it can be seen that the cadastral value of the third type lands (taking into account these factors) ranged from 3.91 rubles/m2 to 5.53 rubles/m2.

Sneezing and coughing of a patient are especially dangerous when, together with a jet of air moving at a high speed, droplets of liquid containing viruses fly out. There is a lack of experimental data to create model, describing these processes and calculate the concentration of aerosol particles. The paper describes an installation for assessing the time-varying distribution of velocities and changes in the shape of the aerosol cloud that occurs during coughing and sneezing. The proposed experimental method allows obtaining data on the distribution of relative velocity in a single act of air release. This data is then calibrated against absolute velocity measurements with a low sensitivity sensor installed near the source. The purpose of these studies is to determine the direction and velocity of the cloud carrying the droplets with the virus, as well as the time of its passage past potential recipients. Based on these data, it will be possible to estimate the received dose of infection and the dependence of this dose on the distance between the source and a person near it.

The paper presents the results of field studies to identify a correlation between the vegetation index (NDVI), obtained on the basis of satellite images using the Agrosignal platform and biometric indicators of the condition of winter wheat plants. Studies have shown that in the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region there is direct strong relationship between the vegetation index of plants (NDVI) and their biomass (r = 0.889), also with the number of productive stems of winter wheat plants (r  =   0.833), leaf surface index (r =   0.766) and grain yield of winter wheat (r  =  0.722). We have obtained adequate regression equations, which, in the regional conditions of the Volga forest-steppe, will give an opportunity, with the use of multispectral aerial photography, to monitor the condition and development of winter wheat crops with accurate forecast of grain yield.

The article developed the author's method for assessing the forecasting of reproduction processes in agriculture of the Russian Federation. For this, an index analysis of thirteen indicators was carried out, grouped into three groups of production factors: labor, land, capital. The integral indicators characterizing their changes and the saturated rates of reproduction processes in the agriculture of the Russian Federation have been calculated. Then, using the means of mathematical modeling, a multifactorial mathematical model was built and tested in real time, which makes it possible to obtain a high-quality predicted result. Based on the forecasts obtained, it is possible to state the need to adjust certain indicators that actively influence the rates of reproduction processes, which is a mathematical justification for making managerial decisions in the development of strategies and programs in order to ensure sustainable development of agriculture in the Russian Federation.

Currently, active work is underway to develop systems to ensure the safety of train traffic on the tracks, if these conditions are met during automatic blocking, then, when switching to semi-automatic blocking, it is not known at what speed to approach the crossing and the station. Using such methods as balise do not determine exactly how fast the train should move, especially when obstacles arise and the route needs to be optimized and prepared. A method based on RFID points is proposed. In the article, the developed method of optimization preparation of routes with semi-automatic blocking on high-speed lines is considered. Presented are: a scheme for preparing a route of mixed high-speed traffic lines at stations in conditions are semi-automatic blocking; the graph of the position change of the active closing point confirmation of the crossing. As a result, the proposed method for optimizing the preparation of the route for semi-automatic blocking showed that it is possible to reduce non-productive time losses under conditions of timely provision trains with routes, taking into account the sectional train speed determined by the active RFID point.

Electrical power distribution system is one of vital components of aircraft systems which requires attention for flight safety. Practically operation of every element, unit, and modules of aircraft system is dependent on smoothly functioning of the electrical power distribution system. Therefore the most strict requirements are made to meet high stability and reliability. The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of operational control of power distribution systems of modern aircraft during maintenance. Special attention is paid to the use of disparate, unrelated complexes for monitoring and assessing the state of power distribution systems. Based on this, the necessity of introducing into practice control procedures of an intellectual approach based on modern information technologies is substantiated. In addition, special emphasis is placed on the problems associated with the complication of controlled equipment, the features of detecting arc faults and target requirements for the efficiency of aircraft power distribution systems are also considered.

The article discusses the importance of ensuring chemical safety when using selenium compounds in the implementation of environmental safety in the framework of ensuring a general safety culture. The analysis of literary sources for an extensive period of time is carried out. The field of application of selenium in industry and its main properties are indicated. Information about the danger of selenium for human physiology and the consequences of selenium poisoning is given. The issues related to the analysis of selenium content in waters, soil and atmosphere are considered as elements of environmental monitoring. It is noted that in most cases analysts are dealing with very low selenium concentrations. It is indicated that various valence forms of selenium have different toxicities, and therefore it is proposed to use methods for determining the MPC level of selenium in one form or another in a given analyzed medium. Analyzed electrochemical methods for the determination of selenium and some organoselenium substances in natural objects. The features of anodic stripping voltammetry on a gold-graphite electrode as the most promising method for detecting selenium are considered. It was revealed that ensuring chemical safety in the framework of digitalization and the implementation of the concept of a culture of safety in transport is an important task.

The article presents the results of the rating assessment of the technological efficiency of soybean production in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation, which are in the top 10 in terms of soybean production over the past five years. For the purpose of designing the level of possible innovative and technological development, a model was developed and implemented in the Excel spreadsheet environment, with the help of which the projected increase in technological efficiency was calculated due to the introduction of innovative technologies for the technological and technical development of soybean production. The implementation of measures aimed at introducing innovative approaches to soybean production, and as a result, achieving the projected technological efficiency index, will ensure the projected increase in yield. At the same time, in general, the policy of the regions aimed at innovative and technological development of agricultural production will allow, all other things being equal, in relation to 2020, to obtain an additional volume of gross soybean harvest in all regions that are in the top 10 in the total volume of 437.2 thousand tons.

Based on a critical analysis of existing approaches to organization and functioning of transport and logistics chains, the aim of the study was formulated: to develop a new concept of transportation process management, taking into account market nature of labour, organization, high uncertainty and noisy input data for modeling and decision-making, subjectivity in assessing the capabilities of economic entities and results of their activities. The concept is based on two key aspects: intellectualization and digitalization of the interaction of economic entities of transport and logistics chains, implemented on the basis of specially created digital platform. Three methods of intellectualization of the synthesized system are defined and commented on. Tools (models, algorithm) have been developed to coordinate the interests of economic entities of the same and different levels of the system management, ensuring the development of a new corporate culture of interaction between participants in the transportation process. The choice of the type has been made and the logic of the functioning of the digital platform containing the digital twin of the transport and logistics chain and the decision-making block has been developed. Conditions and problems of the system development are analyzed, the resulting economic, production and organizational effects are justified.

The article examines the problems of automating assessment of the level of database complexity using quantitative metrics based on the developed application. The main approaches and methods of researching the quality of databases are analyzed. An algorithm for assessing the complexity of a physical database scheme based on metric characteristics: the number of tables, keys, attributes, is presented. As a result of the best solutions review, several directions in the development of software for analyzing database metrics were identified. The necessity of creating a program with the ability to customize the weight coefficients using a matrix of paired comparisons is substantiated, which allows one to get rid of subjectivity and adjust the calculation of the assessment for specific tasks. The main functionality of the developed application, settings and management of the database complexity level estimation are described. A distinctive feature of the developed software package is automatic connection to MySQL, analysis of additional metric characteristics that are absent in similar solutions, calculation of the resulting estimate using matrices of paired comparisons. Integration with other database management systems, the creation of a database manager, which enables to load a dump through the program and delete unnecessary databases, is considered as prospects for the development of the presented approach to automating the assessment of the databases complexity; as well as the introduction of statistics calculation, on the basis of which to create a statistical setting of the coefficients.

Observations of the infection of spring wheat with the leaf rust pathogen in the hyper-continental climate of the Ural region of the Russian Federation showed that the moderate and epiphytotic development of the phytopathogen took place in 58% of the years. It was during these years that the use of fungicidal plant protection products was mandatory to preserve wheat productivity and grain quality. The biological effectiveness of more than 90% against the local racial composition of leaf rust was provided by chemical preparations, especially the variants with combinations of active ingredients “propiconazole + tebuconazole” and “thiophanate-methyl + epoxiconazole” were distinguished. A microbiological preparation based on the bacterium Bacillus subtilis during the years of epiphytes provided a decrease in the development of this infection by only 35–47%. The yield of spring wheat for the period of research on the control variant of the experiment varied from 9–12 dt/ha in severely arid years to 39 dt/ha, on average during the research period it was 21.3 dt/ha. The use of chemical fungicidal plant protection during the years of epiphytes retained 32–45% of the yield or 7.0–9.4 dt/ha. In years with moderate leaf infections, the increase in productivity averaged 2.8 dt/ha. In arid years, in the second half of the growing season, the manifestation of leaf rust was single and had no economic significance.

The method of reclamation of mechanically disturbed soils with the help of forest plantations is based on the fact that in the initial (before disturbance) state of forest soils, the predominant part of the elements of mineral nutrition of plants—nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is concentrated in the forest litter and humus horizon. Their removal sharply reduces soil fertility, negatively affects reforestation, productivity and quality of forest ecosystems. The main objects of reclamation of mechanically disturbed soils with the help of forest plantations are the territories of forest and forest-steppe zones disturbed by open-pit mining of mineral deposits; forest lands from under the routes of dragging rig derricks; exploration well drilling sites; quarrying; forest lands disturbed outside industrial facilities; temporary roads. In order to restore the fertility of disturbed forest soils, it is proposed in the paper to ensure the “return” of nutrients to the upper soil horizons by oligotrophic tree species. It has been proven that forest reclamation without the use of intensive agricultural technologies is inexpensive, but it takes decades to form full-fledged coniferous (primarily pine) plantations. Therefore, it should provide for the restoration of not only soil fertility, but also the original phytocoenosis capable of reproducing all types of forest resources.

The main driver for the precision farming market worldwide is cost optimization and increased yields. It is these two factors that basically induce farmers to introduce precision farming into their farms and rebuild their work for new technologies. The article examines the practical aspects of application of precision farming in Russia, the existing problems and possible solutions. The most important and urgent problem of domestic farmers in the introduction of precision farming technologies into the economy is the financial aspect of the issue. Most Russian farmers are ready to introduce the latest technologies in their fields, but lack of funds and fear of taking on financial risks are an obstacle to innovation. On the other hand, an acceptable price, along with a high level of support from the supplier and clear and accessible operating rules, can play a decisive role in a farmer’s decision to purchase a particular solution for use on his farm.

The article presents the main stages of developing a web-based software complex for calculating the technological parameters of chemical and technological processes taking into account a work with Wolfram Mathematica. The main stages of work, tables, modules, stages of integration of a mathematical model implemented in Wolfram Mathematica with a web-based software complex are presented. The way users and user groups function is taken from a Unix system. Thus, the system administrator is able at any time to easily hide/open a section from a user or an entire group of users. To optimize the time spent on the calculation of characteristics, all user requests (which is recorded without belonging to any user) and their results are entered into the database. If the user entered the query parameters that were already entered earlier and the result was calculated for them, then the results are immediately taken from the database without resorting to the mathematical model itself, and this is the most time-consuming step. The main task of the developed system is to calculate the required calculated parameters based on input data. The program gives a forecast about the characteristics of the resulting product and output technological parameters based on mathematical models of chemical and technological processes.

The implementation of plans to create “smart cities” as one of the most important areas of the digital economy requires the priority development of transport infrastructure, ensuring the movement of people and goods within the city and adjacent territories. Safe operation and maximum throughput of the resulting cyber-physical system are possible provided that a diagnostic technology is created for transport infrastructure facilities, including video-based road conditions. The authors’ vision of the problems of mathematical modeling of cyber-physical systems in transport is presented as a three-level hierarchical structure, including environmental sensors at the lower level, data processing centers (DPC) at the middle level and a single data storage center for developing management decisions at the upper level. Prospects for data center modeling based on a multi-agent approach and a technical vision algorithm that is proposed to be implemented as a program on a mobile device to identify objects of transport infrastructure and their defects using stereometry are explored. The presented algorithm can be used in the planning of road repairs, in the analysis of road accidents, in the processing of applications of road users, etc.

The paper discusses agroecological factors affecting the quality of the soil. The data on changes in climatic indicators in the period from 1980 to 2015 are presented. The results of studies on changes in the structure of the soil cover in typical areas of the Northern and Central climatic zones of the Krasnodar Krai are presented. The influence of agricultural land use on soil properties is revealed. The change in the density of chernozems is given depending on the degree of soil washout. The patterns of changes in the hydrophysical properties of ordinary chernozems of different degrees of washout were revealed. The change in the structural state of soils is given. It is concluded that changes in the structure of the soil cover and morphometric characteristics of the soils of the polygons (Timashevskiy district, Novokubanskiy polygon, and the municipal district of Krasnodar) under the influence of natural and climatic factors indicate the manifestation of degradation processes in soils. In particular, in the Timashevsky district, the processes of waterlogging and flooding are most developed, as evidenced by the dynamics of their areas. In the Novokubansky district, erosion processes (water, wind) are developed, as evidenced by the data obtained in the course of studies on reducing the humus layer, depending on the degree of manifestation of degradation processes. In the municipal district of Krasnodar, compaction and merging are developed.

An important task in the design of a system for determining the location of mobile objects is to assess the effectiveness of its functioning, since the use of these systems inside premises for managing production processes, ensuring security or logistics, in modern conditions, is one of the digital economy’s paramount goals. This scientific work is dedicated to the characteristics of a ZigBee technology sensor network, which is the basis for a local positioning system. The ultimate goal of the study is to build an effective hardware and software complex for indoor geolocation. As a research tool, the authors have chosen an analytical modeling method using the mathematical apparatus of closed queuing networks, which is the most suitable for obtaining the quality of service indicators of telecommunication networks. The time-probability characteristics, which are the quality of service indicators in a geolocation system based on the IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) standard equipment, were obtained in the course of modeling. The aforementioned results make it possible to manage the traffic of the existing or planned sensor network effectively.

The object of special attention is the possibility of using digital technologies to transform linear supply chains, which were previously aimed at improving the human material base through the extraction of natural resources, mass production and consumption, and cost optimization at the sacrifice of the environment. For the simultaneous achievement of economic, social and environmental goals, linear models of production and consumption are replaced by closed supply chains, reverse logistic and a circular economy, the effective formation and development of which from theoretical concepts into practice is possible with the use of digital technologies. The methods for assessing the level of maturity of various objects, investigated in the article, contributed to the development of special tools for assessing the readiness for the development of a digital economy with a closed cycle at the macro, meso and micro levels as the first and necessary stage for developing a step-by-step strategy for transforming the economic model lines into a circular form using supporting digital technologies, reverse logistics and closed supply chains.

In a digital economy where rapid changes in the internal and external business environment occur, mistakes in making strategic decisions can have dire consequences for a company. Today, many large companies use full-fledged BI systems to support (strategic) management decisions, which combine many sources of information. These digital systems provide analyses of huge amounts of information, focusing on important indicators, allowing the prediction and simulation of various scenarios, providing aid in decision-making. This article describes digital business intelligence systems and specifically what role they play in transport logistics. The authors highlight the key advantages of using business analysis systems in enterprises. The research results highlight the main challenges that BI systems can solve in digital transport and logistics companies. Moreover, a map of the main directions of BI functions in logistics is provided. A list of key performance indicators in tabular form is provided, which can be analyzed and reflected upon in an analytical reporting system. The main methods deployed are benchmarking and clustering.

The development of the port and industrial complexes (PIC) has become large-scale. The changes cover a significant number of major ports around the world. Ports are points of territorial growth and channels of integration into the world economy. The development of the port and industrial complexes as a complex territorial and industrial entity has its own peculiarities in Russia and abroad. The complexity of port and industrial complexes (as an object of management) is caused by a combination of many factors: industry, corporate, logistics, infrastructure, institutional, biological, geographical, etc. This leads to the need for an interdisciplinary study. Therefore, a multidimensional approach and an adequate methodological framework are required. Research on the development of the first port and industrial complexes in Russia shows that the institutional environment is not ready for such territorial and industrial projects. This work is devoted to the definition and systematization of the development directions of Russian port-industrial complexes. The research is based on the system economic theory in the digital age. In this paper, the main directions of development of PIC were considered from the point of view of organizational, managerial, and information technology aspects. The research focuses on the concept of “smart digital ports”, based on the digital circuit Board and IoT. When implementing information technology projects based on PIC, it is proposed to use the project management methodology. Managing port digitalization projects will allow port and industrial complexes to adapt to the digital age and significantly increase the efficiency of business processes.

Due to the e-commerce rapid development during the COVID pandemic, the demand for logistics and its importance is increasing. A satisfied customer can drive e-commerce business forward. As logistical needs become more complex and logistics market becomes more competitive, service companies must strive to continually improve their value proposition to maintain their competitive edge. This study investigates the impact of two types of presentation formats (qualitative: text reviews and quantitative: star ratings) of online restaurant customer reviews on the value proposition. The study examines online restaurant reviews based on the review’s usefulness and the service experience enjoyment. Text mining was applied to online reviews to identify the driving forces behind explicit recommendations. Using semantic analysis, text mining technique, online customer reviews were analyzed from 16 largest restaurant chains, in St. Petersburg, Russia, which include 242 restaurants. Data from 201 reviews were collected from TripAdvisor, using web data collection technology. The relationships in the model were tested using multivariate analysis of variance. The results show that the delivery menu, ordering possibility through aggregators and delivery time were significant factors in the directionality of the reviews tonality. These three factors all relate to the service format logistics and restaurant business value proposition. This provides restaurateurs with clues on how to increase their efficiency and reduce dissatisfaction with restaurant delivery services. In contrast to similar studies on the relationship between value proposition factors and online reviews, this article explores the perceptions of the online reviews usefulness and focuses on the customer experience sentiment.

The performance of logistics and purchasing processes in the value chain is crucial, especially in the terms of digitalization and trending technologies. The management of these processes has a great impact on overall sustainability of the company and contributes to its success on the market. The article aims to present an approach to assessing the level of maturity of procurement and logistics processes in the value chain. The developed approach is based on the requirements and recommendations of standards and on the methodology of the level of maturity of processes assessment. Several Russian State Standards (GOST) in the field of lean manufacturing and information technology were analyzed. Thus, the presented approach is meant to help to determine the strengths and weaknesses of procurement and logistics processes to eliminate risks. The article is relevant for the management of logistics, and the results of the research may be practically used in the organizations looking forward to digital transformation.

Pharmaceutical logistics is a mechanism by which the health system assures regular support, a supply of medicinal aids and tools, waste disposal, cleaning, sterilization, and other supporting activities related to support for the control process. The growth in pharmaceutical logistics complexity coincides with the structure and utilization of innovative supply chain plans and technology, particularly in the private sector. In the public sector, national pharmaceutical logistics, and the global community that supports them, have an opportunity to better their performance and a command to provide the right pharmaceutical goods in the right state, at the accurate time, in the proper place, and at the best supply chain cost. The study is devoted to pharmaceutical logistics. This article presents the features of pharmaceutical logistics and its organization, the main provisions, the features of the movement of medicinal products, and a description of the importance of managing medical supplies. The article also describes the importance of the availability and reliability of the supply of pharmaceuticals to pharmacies and later to customers.

In this article, the cross-flow phenomenon is considered from the approach of the analysis by digital footprint method, based on geotagging. The goal of the study is to test the cross-logistic approach to characterize the tourist flow of the museum clusters, based on TripAdvisor data. The empirical database included 221 museums united into 36 museums clusters. During the research, hypotheses concerning the dependence between the logistic flow value indicators and locations of the museums in the cluster were verified by Spearman's rank correlation test. The identification of the hub system type, based on the logistic flow model of each museum cluster, was determined by the graph method in Gephi. As a result, it was found that the intensity of cross-flow does not depend on the proximity of museums in the museum cluster. However, the average distance between cluster museums make potential effect on the cross-flow intensity. Moreover, it has been proven that the museum cluster is based on the hub system in terms of managing the tourist flow. Four models were identified: two-node, triangle, single and mixed hub. Two-node model of the museum cluster, based on the line strong connection between 2 museums, has been identified as the most common logistic structure.

The article is devoted to the description and analysis of the history of development of the Arctic and the Northern sea route. It raises questions about equipping expeditions from the very beginning and creating prerequisites for creating a transport highway through the Arctic (Amundsen, Nansen). Using digital technologies based on historical examples that determined the development of Arctic waters, as well as the safety of the first Arctic expeditions (Amundsen, Nansen). These examples justify the need to apply logistics methods and models in the development of the Northern sea route in the following years. The article also discusses the features of the operation of a particular equipment, as well as the problems of correlating the volume of equipment and equipment of the expedition with the need for its transportation in the Far North. The article also presents variants of models that can be used in the formation of routes in arctic conditions.

Improving the tools of material and information flows management based on the principles of lean production in micrologistic processes using digital technologies allows managers of producing enterprises to increase the economic efficiency of their activities and competitive advantages. One of the production processes at many engineering enterprises is the sheet metal cutting, in which it is necessary to solve the problem of increasing the utilization rate of material resources for increasing enterprise economic efficiency and careful use nature resources. The purpose of the research is to develop tools of material resources management in lean production for sheet metal cutting at engineering enterprises with single or serial production types. In the study, the toolkit is being developed based on information technologies in order to make reasonable and operative management decisions when sorting sheet metal after cutting, organize warehouse logistics and ensure production of timely delivery of the required amount of materials. At the previous stages of the research a situational analysis of sheet metal cutting at engineering enterprises was conducted, the main provisions of the sorting method of sheet metal after cutting were defined, approbation of certain aspects of the method was carried out. In this article, the causal relationships of the identified problem are described in more detail, the internal supply chain of the process is determined, and practical recommendations for management of material and information flows after cutting are proposed. Further research tasks of development the sorting method and warehouse accounting of material resources after cutting are identified.

The results of scientific and methodological research on the development of elements of the infrastructure of scientific activities of the oil and gas complex based on digitalization are considered. The factors limiting the competitiveness of work on the identification, preparation and development of hydrocarbon deposits are identified. System effects of implementation of digitalization technologies in the activities of research and design organizations of the oil and gas complex are highlighted. The structure of priorities in digitization of research activities in the exploration and training of specialists is defined. The authors substantiate the options for implementing digital technologies in EA: Big Data, artificial intelligence (AI) and It technologies; corporate information system (CIS); immersive learning; platform approach and suggest options for forming the optimal structure of scientific activity. Elements of the CIS for a scientific organization that includes information support, information and project management subsystems, as well specialized applications, a security system and end-to-end information search with the implementation of all software on a fault-tolerant cluster solution are presented.

In the economic sphere, qualitative changes are taking place as a result of new digital technologies development. Digital technologies are gradually being integrated into all areas of enterprise management, requiring the digitisation of operational business processes aimed at providing the management processes of the organisation with the necessary infrastructure and data processing technologies. Such technologies as the Internet of Things, Blockchain, Process Analyst, Cloud Technology, 5G Technology, Big Data, which have become the sphere of interests of big business, are no longer the future, this is the present. The market economy and its digital development require that modern business be able to adapt quickly to changes, optimise its work in the shortest possible time, and change dynamically under the changing conditions of the external environment. The paper addresses the topical subject of digitalisation of the business and the use of digital technologies in logistics, and the direction of development of logistics infrastructure under the influence of digitisation. The concept of re-engineering and its role in the modelling of the business processes were considered. The work reviewed the principle of developing the business processes of the organisation and re-engineering the business procurement process. The business processes modelling and core notation software aspect were also highlighted.

Companies in the container liner shipping industry actively introduce digital technologies, which have a significant impact on all business aspects of a company. New technologies could become drivers for new business models. The digital transformation requires changes of company IT-architectures, cultures, and organizational frameworks. Monitoring and planning digital transformation processes require a method that allows evaluating the changes in the company's IT-architecture in the context of their compliance with the company's strategic goals. The Balanced Scorecard normally is used as a tool for the strategy implementation assessment. This article proposes the Balanced Scorecard application to measure and plan IT-architecture changes, using it as the basis for the company's digital twin. This tool could provide substantial support for global container shipping line digital transformation planning and monitoring. For the purpose of current study, the authors use the multi-level matrix comparing and linking indicators and IT-architecture models of the global container shipping line.

This article focuses on the key role of underground gas storage (UGS) facilities (or UGSF) in the Russian gas export to Europe. The UGS system is overviewed from the point of view as the main tool for increasing the reliability and efficiency of gas supplies to consumers in European Union (EU). The dynamics are determined and the forecast of the gas storage capacities development of Gazprom Group in Russia and in European countries is made. The main UGS facilities used by Gazprom Group abroad are considered. An optimal solution for gas storage capacities with the active use of natural gas in the energy balance of countries are shown. The article analyzes and shows an overview of UGS capacities to cover peak demand by country, as well as an assessment of the gas filling of European UGS facilities. The leading countries with the largest storage capacities of gas reserves in Europe are shown. The article also traces the dynamics of changes in gas storage capacities of the main natural gas importing countries of Gazprom Group and countries of Central Europe for the period 2016–2020.

The fuel and energy complex of Russia is one of the most important industries in the country. Therefore, today the issue of large-scale implementation of digital technologies at enterprises of the oil and gas industry, including in the system of logistic support of the Arctic shelf, is very relevant. It has been found that, if properly applied, the use of modern digital technologies has a positive effect on the results of companies’ work. Despite all the difficulties companies face, digitalization has several benefits. The development of new and the use of existing digital technologies at the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex makes it possible to increase the competitiveness of companies and the competitiveness of the country as a whole. The aim of this work is to prove the necessity of introducing digital technologies into the logistics of oil and gas fields, to analyze existing digital technologies on the market and to formulate barriers to their implementation. As a result of this work, the scale of implementation of various technologies in oil and gas companies was assessed.

Each network trading company must adequately build the logistics processes and monitor the supply chain management, since the “chain” covers the entire group of intermediaries and suppliers who are involved in the production path, from the manufacturer to the ultimate consumer. At the same time, each individual product or product line may have its own distinct list of active contractors. The introduction of the compulsory product marking significantly influenced the organization of the company's logistics processes. This paper focuses on the process of logistics optimization with the network trading companies based on the introduction of digital technologies in the supply chain management. Throughout the course of the study, the interconnection between the company's main stakeholders with external and internal drivers is examined, thereby aiming to distinguish the estimates and goals corresponding to the “Optimization of the company's logistics processes” driver, at the same time, taking its decomposition into account. Special attention was paid to the introduction of compulsory product marking and its impact on the logistics processes of the network trading companies. As a result, the study articulates the basic principles for the optimization of the logistics processes based on the introduction of digital technologies, suggests the main stages of marking and tracking, develops the algorithm of obtaining and printing the product codes from the personal account in the Center for the Advanced Technologies, and highlights the most urgent problems of the network trading companies.

The article describes a research methodology and lifecycle management approach for a logistics system operating in the Russian Arctic region. The following types of Arctic logistics systems have been identified: a system for managing the country’s Arctic space, i.e. the Arctic industry or area; holdings and other possible forms taken by multinational corporations operating in the Arctic; production associations, enterprises, individual divisions, households and associations operating in the Arctic; the Arctic territory of the country, large economic Arctic areas, economic clusters in the Arctic, administrative-territorial units (cities, districts, villages), local territorial production complexes in the Arctic; global, national and local corporate or enterprise networks operating in the Arctic region. A conceptual definition of the “Arctic logistics system lifecycle” is formulated. The methodology for research and management of the lifecycle of Arctic logistics systems is based on graph theory models and methods in combination with the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) and Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle Support (CALS) technologies for managing object data. A toolkit for the implementation of the research methodology and modelling of the Arctic logistics system lifecycle is described. A list of tasks that can be performed within the framework of the presented methodology is adduced.

The paper considers results of digitalization of geo-information support to energy logistic within Industry 4.0 period, under conditions of a COVID-19 pandemic and climate change. The research uses web technologies, methods of building databases, virtual reality tools. Also, there are used Foresight technologies, theory of decision making and risk management. As digitalization essential tools, it is proposed to use digital online platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources with the use of web-technologies in distributed networks and wide application of cloud services. The study uses databases and tools of geographic information digital online platforms Earth and EOS, including its Land Viewer product. As study result, there are demonstrated usage of digital geo-information support system for first Russian floating nuclear power plant Akademik Lomonosov at seaport of Pevek. The research results presented in this article has significant scientific novelty and can be useful for private investors, public environmental organizations of the civil sector and state environmental control bodies.

Accelerating supply chain links increasingly becomes a competitive advantage in satisfying demanding customers. A quick response to a customer's request increases the chances of success. This article discusses digital methods of warehouse logistics (including robotization of warehouses) as a tool to accelerate the link of warehouse logistics in the supply chain. The most successful cases of robotization of warehouses are considered. Based on the results of the considered cases, the barriers to the robotization of warehouses are identified. Indicators affecting the acceleration of the supply chain, as well as changes due to the introduction of digital technologies in warehouses, are determined. Conclusions are made about the existing waves of robotization, reference models of these waves are built, and conclusions are drawn about the advantages of modernizing warehouse logistics. The main indicators are considered due to which the effect of accelerating the supply chain is achieved. Possible directions for future research are considered.

This study is dedicated to the operation of the Toll Plaza (hereinafter TP) by the operator of the intercity toll road, where most drivers use Electronic Toll Collection Units (hereinafter ETCU). The authors note that the observed tendency for this payment type is becoming more popular and inevitably results in the necessity to control effectiveness of Toll Collection System’s (hereinafter TCS) operation at the toll plaza. The solution to this operational issue is described in this article. Purpose of the study is to determine the intensity of transportation flow at which traffic jams are formed at the toll plaza with different parameters of the flow and different types of TCS operation. The study was conducted using the discrete event simulation modeling methods in the AnyLogic environment, and the statistical package R. As an example, the Western High Speed Diameter (hereinafter WHSD) Toll Plaza in St. Petersburg, Russia was studied. As a result of a study, a JavaScript programming code was written, which allows modeling a toll plaza in any configuration, with different flow parameters. Threshold definitions of incoming flow that cause traffic jams were determined; opportunities to increase the flow through a toll plaza were demonstrated, with the existing configuration of lanes. The reasons for traffic jams were identified, and limited capabilities of the existing toll plazas were depicted in the event of an increase in traffic on the toll road.

The paper contains a detailed analysis of logistics development as the most important scientific direction in management from the middle of the XX century to the present day in connection with the most important stages of economic development. The material flow management methods are described in detail. These methods have been used for over half a century and in the course of their improvement, a number of concepts of corporate logistics process management that define the current state of this sector were consistently formulated. Their capabilities and shortcomings are analyzed. The reasons for the emergence of supply chain management concepts as a basic element of logistics are identified. The link between logistics and supply chain management is defined, and the research areas on which the concept is based are studied. The processes of corporate logistics digitalization, its stages and information systems that support the management processes at each stage are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the role of corporate logistics in the architecture of the enterprise, the specific features of management of logistics business processes architecture. The architectural approach to designing an operating model of a logistics system and integrated business architecture of logistics processes was defined, as well as tools and opportunities for its implementation in the architectural model of enterprise management. A brief overview of the tools for building logistics business models in the external and internal contours of company management is presented, as well as information systems and digital information platforms, which all participants in logistics processes rely on in their interaction.

The article shows digital tools development results for geo-information support of Northern Sea Route within Industry 4.0 period in the context of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. The methods of data bases constructing, web-technologies and virtual reality tools are used in the study. Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties and risk management are also used. As digital tools, it is proposed to use digital online platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources with the use of web-technologies in distributed networks and wide application of cloud services. In the research, data bases and tools of geo-information digital online platforms Earth and EOS are used, including its Land Viewer product. As a result, the usage of geo-information support system for Northern Sea Route area is demonstrated. The research results presented in this article has significant scientific novelty and can be useful for private investors, public environmental organizations of the civil sector and state environmental control bodies.

Nowadays, the problem of identifying the features of the implementation and application of blockchain technology in providing information to logistics processes is extremely urgent. The purpose of this work is to analyze the project of the Russian rail freight carrier Russian Railways to create its own blockchain platform. The object of the research is the supply chain management system. The subject of the research is the process of information support of logistics operations using information systems based on blockchain technology. This study describes the possibilities and areas of application of blockchain technology in supply chain management, analyzes world experience in the implementation of logistics information products based on blockchain technology. Moreover, the main risks were identified in the implementation of logistics information products based on blockchain technology. As a result of the work, recommendations were developed for the implementation of the Russian Railways JSC project to create its own blockchain platform, taking into account the studied world experience.

In the context of the digitalization of the Russian economy, the existing logistics systems of industrial companies are undergoing major changes: new technologies and tools are emerging that are actively developing under the concept of ‘‘Industry: 4.0’’. Large metallurgical companies, as industry leaders, are actively improving their integrated logistics systems, which can improve the economic efficiency of economic entities. The article provides an overview of “best practices” regarding the development of integrated logistics systems of large metallurgical companies in Russia in the context of digitalization over the past decade: PJSC “Novolipetsk Iron and Steel Works” (17th place in the RBC-500 rating for 2019), PJSC “Severstal” (24 place in the indicated rating) and PJSC “Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works” (26 place in the specified rating). It is shown that the active introduction of modern logistics systems created using the Industry 4.0 concept allowed these companies, ceteris paribus, to achieve a higher level of business efficiency. For research, the following methods were used: analytical review, comparison, statistical calculations, methods of economic and mathematical modeling. A technique for assessing the state of the integrated logistics system of an industrial company is proposed. In a further study, it is advisable to monitor the level of development of integrated logistics systems of large industrial companies in order to develop the experience of “best practices” in the domestic industry.

In the article, the management of transport and logistics services and forecasting of cargo deliveries in emergency situations is considered. Emergencies cause significant damage to the economy and society. Effective response to the consequences of emergencies is determined by many factors. One of them is the adequacy of the decisions taken to organize the delivery of special cargo to emergency zones. This problem does not yet have a satisfactory solution. The authors present an approach that implements forecasting options for the supply of goods to the special forces engaged in emergency situations based on the mathematical apparatus of fuzzy set theory. A mathematical model has been developed that allows finding the optimal supply option in the conditions of representing the needs for cargo in the form of fuzzy numbers. An effective algorithm for implementing the developed model is proposed. Recommendations for its practical use are given.

The paper considers decision aids digitalization for large environmental logistic projects within Industry 4.0 in the context of modern global economic crisis in last years. In the study, Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties and risk management are used. The methods of data bases constructing, web-technologies and virtual reality tools are also used. For the main method of digitalization, it is proposed to use digital online platforms that integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources using web technologies in distributed networks and a wide use of cloud services. As a result, a structural model that combines the investment objectives with cost of adequate decision support adapted to COVID-19 pandemic and climate change conditions is proposed. The paper demonstrates decision-making support for a large environmental logistic project to expand the cargo turnover of Russian seaports in the Gulf of Finland eastern part. The research results have significant scientific novelty and can be useful for private investors, public environmental organizations and environmental control bodies.

The article analyzes and clarifies aspects of using various digital technologies in logistics and supply chain management now and in the near future. The main directions of using digital technologies in logistics and supply chain management are schematically shown. The ten main areas of use of digital technologies in logistics and supply chain management are summarized and analyzed in detail, in particular, such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, blockchain, 3D printer, robotization, artificial intelligence, machine learning, augmented reality and virtual (digital, artificial) space. A table of the prevalence of digital technologies in logistics for various functional areas has been built. The main advantages and prospects of using “Big Data” in the functional areas of logistics are outlined, a generalized scheme of the blockchain technology is drawn up. A more active introduction of the indicated areas of using digital technologies in the logistics of Russian enterprises is proposed in order to increase the efficiency of operating activities and achieve additional competitive advantages. The legal, technological, organizational and economic problems of Russia's integration into the international digital infrastructure in the field of logistics have been identified. Barriers, issues related to the development of digital logistics in the country are identified, which are conditionally divided into three groups: implementation of ICT standardization, assistance in a complete transition to electronic documents and payments, and personnel training. In the conclusion of the article, a number of methods for minimizing the risks of digital logistics are proposed.

Today, in the age of Industry 4.0—The Fourth Industrial Revolution—the issues of digitalization of processes at all stages of oil production are becoming increasingly important. It has been established that the gradual digitization of enterprises is one of the priority tasks for Russian oil companies and oil and gas companies of the world. The introduction of technology such as Big Data allows solving every day small problems and preventing possible major accidents at offshore fields, saving large amounts of money on eliminating the consequences. In this article, the system of transport and logistics support of the Pobeda field was analyzed, the possibility of implementing the project in Arctic conditions without using digital technologies was assessed, and it is concluded that it is necessary to introduce Big Data technology into the system of transport and logistics support of deposits, mainly offshore and shelf, including at the Pobeda field.

The instability of economic, political, social and environmental conditions of companies’ activities, reinforced by modern crisis phenomena and increased competition, determine the relevance of developing and implementing complex measures to ensure the stability of the supply chain management systems that these companies participate in. One of the most important tasks of the development and implementation of these complexes is to assess the effectiveness of the relevant measures. The article offers a methodological approach to solving this problem. At the same time, the effectiveness of measures to ensure the stability of the supply chain management system is understood as the degree to which the system's ability to perform its functions is preserved in the face of destructive impacts on its elements. The efficiency indicator is proposed to be mathematically formalized in the form of a function, the argument of which is the change in the duration of the control cycle associated with the need to restore the operability of the elements of the control system. The proposed approach constitutes a theoretical basis for constructing mathematical decision support models when planning measures to counter destructive influences on control systems of a wide class of supply chains.

In the conditions of fast urbanization development, the issues of ensuring the comfort of the human life environment are becoming increasingly important. Along with the growth of cities and the influx of population into territories limited in terms of their area and infrastructure capacity, there is a widespread penetration of digital technologies into all spheres of human life. To date, the development of the human environment is associated with the implementation of a smart city concept, with the meaning of safe and comfortable environment based on the use of digital technologies. Logistics acts as an element that brings together various economic actors and ensures the continuity of the movement of material resources within the framework of goods production. The article discusses the main prerequisites for the necessity to develop logistics in order to create comfortable environment for human life, characterizes global trends in improving the logistics sector. The key areas of logistics inherent in the various stages of the formation of a comfortable living environment are identified, especially in urban areas. As a result of accomplished study, recommendations are given on the intensification of the logistics development in the context of increasing demands for quality of the human life environment.

The article presents digitalization results for decision aids in geo-political risks management for maritime logistics within Industry 4.0 period, in the context of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. During the study, the methods of data bases constructing, web-technologies and virtual reality tools are used. Also, there are used Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties and risk management. As digitalization tools, online platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources in distributed networks, are proposed to use. The study proposes a structural model that combines investment objectives with the cost of adequate management support adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change conditions. The use of the developed decision-making tools for managing the geopolitical risks of maritime logistics in the Russian Arctic and Subarctic is demonstrated. The research results presented in this article has significant scientific novelty and can be useful for private investors, public environmental organizations of the civil sector and state environmental control bodies.

The article describes digitalization results in natural risks management for arctic seaports within Industry 4.0 period, in the context of climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. During the study, methods of data bases constructing, web-technologies and virtual reality tools are used. Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties and risk management are also used. As digitalization tools, there is proposed to use online platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources in distributed networks. As a result, a block model is proposed, which combines the investment objectives with cost of adequate natural risks management for arctic seaports adapted to the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change conditions. The use of the developed digital tools within natural risks management for seaports in Russian Arctic and Subarctic is demonstrated. The research results presented in this article has significant scientific novelty and can be useful for private investors, public environmental organizations of the civil sector and state environmental control bodies.

The scale of the global digital economy is huge, and in the future the process of economic integration will be dominated by knowledge-intensive technologies and IT industries. The world's largest international organisations and economic powers are actively responding to the trend of the digital economy by constantly suggesting and updating their policies and directions for the development of the digital economy. BRICS is a representative group of the largest emerging economies in the world?Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. These countries are actively developing the transition to a digital economy and improving national information and communication technology infrastructure. This study focuses on the strategy and policies for developing the digital economy in the BRICS countries. The aim of the study is to develop a set of strategies for international cooperation on the digital economy within the BRICS framework. The results of the study show the common features and differences in the digitalisation process of the BRICS countries, allowing for the development of comprehensive measures to support BRICS activities in this area. The practice-oriented recommendations consider such options as improvement of domestic development, maintenance of equitable multilateral dialogue, promotion of research on the BRICS digital economy and addressing non-traditional security issues in the development of the digital economy in the post-pandemic period.

The labelling has become widespread. The changes affected the legislation of different countries, mainly in the West. Label is a barcode on the product packaging, an identifier containing information about the product. Marking is needed to identify counterfeits. Logistic information systems allow to optimize the connections between system elements. IT companies offer their solutions for transparent tracking of products. SAP SE has launched SAP Advanced Track and Trace for Pharmaceuticals (ATTP). The IT solution specified in the paper serves to ensure patient safety. This new marking and traceability solution helps the pharmaceutical business to keep track of products, collect data from logistics, manufacturing business processes and communicate with regulatory authorities. This paper discusses the main business processes associated with the adoption, movement and disposal of medicine after the entry into force of the laws on mandatory labeling using the example of a multifunctional health complex. The research focuses on minimizing costs and changes in the organization's work, implementing the SAP ATTP solution, interacting with the existing SAP ERP system. By choosing this solution, it will be easier for the user to adapt to new realities faster.

Currently, one of the key tasks in the sphere of territorial development is the integration of digital technologies into the human environment in order to improve its quality, comfort and safety. Despite the active spread of modern technologies within the framework of the smart city concept, observed in the last decade, the level of digital transformation of particular cities, regions and countries is uneven. In the conditions of digital economy, the basis for the functioning of territories is the introduction of digital platforms as aggregators of various information and communication systems, portals and structures. The article discusses some practical examples of the use of digital data aggregators; gives a description of the concept of digital platforms from both technical and socio-economic points of view. The evolution of digital platforms as the basis for the development of urban infrastructure were assessed, and the scale of platform development depending on the levels of integration of urban systems and technological equipment of territories was also considered. As a result, the conclusion was justified that in the conditions of digital economy, it is necessary to combine both open data provided free of charge to all users of the platform rationally and introduce the practice of charging fees for certain databases, the use of which may be necessary for commercial organizations in order to develop and improve products and services.

At present, many Russian industrial enterprises pose one of the most significant questions about how they can increase their competitiveness. Modern transformation of the Russian economy is focused on the use of innovative techniques and approaches to the industrial enterprise management. There is an important task for industrial enterprises: to learn how to function under new conditions of digital transformation of industry focusing their attention on their self-development. The purpose of the article is to reveal the innovative mechanism to the industrial enterprise management. This approach is targeted at the self-development processes. In addition, the purpose is to explain their influence on the competitiveness of the enterprises. The article is based on the deep theoretical research of the industrial enterprise self-development management, such methods as economic and mathematical modeling, graphic methods of scientific learning being used. The informational and infrastructural mechanism of the industrial enterprise self-development management has been developed. The functions, new properties and methods of their fulfillment within the informational and infrastructural mechanism of the industrial enterprise self-development management, including information technology portfolio, have been defined. The integration of all information systems is an indispensable condition for the further digitalization of an enterprise and for the increase of its competitiveness. The introduction of transverse digital technologies will allow enterprises to compete successfully on the existing markets and to manufacture highly technological products and services for new markets.

At present, digital economy makes a significant contribution both to the world`s economy development and to the various countries` economies, and it is reasonably one of their priority development directions. In accordance with this, the development trends of the digital economy based on scientometric databases’ study were determined. The purpose of the research is to determine a role of the digital economy in the modern processes of the global transformation and to forecast development trends in the digital economy based on the scientometric database study. The analysis was undertaken on the basis of the international bibliographic and abstract database Scopus and the database of the Russian Science Citation Index RSCI. As research methods, the methods of correlation and regression and mathematical statistics were used. The conducted study shows that an interest in the digital economy is increasing year by year. A system decomposition (a model) of the digital economy is presented. It is noted that in the field of the digital economy, the most part of the publications is currently dedicated to studies on digital technologies’ application. Based on the scientometric databases’ analysis within the interval between 2013 and 2019, the digital economy development trends are identified. The presented study allowed forecasting the main development trends of the digital economy in Russia, that makes it possible to determine the priority areas for the country’s economy development, and it forms the idea about the further research areas.

Big Data analysis is becoming an everyday task for companies all over the world, including Russian companies. Due to advances in technology and the reduction in the cost of storage systems, companies can now collect and store large volumes of heterogeneous data. The important step of extracting knowledge and value from such data is a challenge that will eventually be met by all companies seeking to maintain their competitiveness and place in the market. However, companies face several challenges when it comes to collecting, pre-processing, and integrating data into cohesive data sets designed to deliver analytics. In this article, the above problems and possible solutions are illustrated using the example of cleaning, integration, and normalization of data obtained in the measurement of indicators for the Vanyukov melting furnace process. The article considers an approach to the study of metallurgical processes using the analysis of large operational control data sets. Standard methods of processing the data sets of operational process control are used. The correlation analysis of the main process parameters is carried out. The results are interpreted for their further practical application.

As part of the study of compensation methods for the main sources of error in measuring systems that use a digital camera equipped with an entocetric fixed focal lens as a recording device for measuring information, a method is proposed to improve the accuracy of determining the main shaping dimensions of axisymmetric products of transport engineering, due to position control test object when calibrating the system. A design scheme and measurement ratios for determining the angular position of the test object are presented. The article presents the results of experimental studies, confirming the significance of the considered source of error for measurements with an accuracy of more than 0.1% and showing the possibility of determining the position of the test object with an error of less than 0.2%. The paper provides recommendations for the implementation of the considered methodology. The proposed method can be used both to correct the position of the test object before calibration and to introduce corrections to the measurement result.

The issues of compliance with modern requirements for the quality of living environment and the comfort of living are becoming increasingly important in the condition of constantly increasing share of the urban population and urban residential stock. Since more than a third of residential buildings in Russia were erected during the period of mass industrial housing construction and this residential stock has significant physical and functional wear and tear, it is necessary to increase the scope of renovation transformations. This requires the formation of a modern information resource about the state of the residential stock, social and engineering infrastructure. Renovation should keep up with the pace of digitalization of all spheres of human life, including the construction industry. The article discusses the main problem areas of the existing renovation system, identifies difficulties in the formation of a digital information resource for renovation, inherent in both international and domestic practice. The paper defines the stages of formation and content of a digital information resource. As a result of the study, the proposed recommendations make it possible to use the digital information resource of renovation projects for all related project participants.

The article considers a production system in the form of a linear technological chain, the elements of which are production subsystems—work centers. Each subsystem is both a consumer and a supplier of products. The negative impact of random factors is the reason for the delay in delivery of products on time. The behavior of subsystems is analyzed, which is as follows: a subsystem can skip the amount of delay and pass it along the process chain to a subsequent subsystem; partially compensate for the delay and pass part of the delay; fully compensate for the delay. The following concepts are introduced: delivery delay—input deficit; transfer of all or part of the delay along the process chain—residual deficit. The function of costs for regulating external instability is defined, which includes two parameters: the value of the input deficit and the value of the residual deficit. As a controlled variable, the “deficit compression ratio” is proposed, which reflects the degree of reduction of the input deficit in the subsystem. A solution to the problem was obtained for the subsystem and a policy for regulating the residual deficit was formulated. To obtain statistical characteristics of input and output deficits in the form of average values, a simulation of the functioning of subsystems as controlled queuing systems is proposed, which is relevant for high-tech production, in which work centers act as production subsystems.

The article is devoted to the problems of information support for the development of territories. A mathematical model has been developed for assessing the potential of territories, depending on their functional target. The mathematical model is represented by a matrix consisting of a system of linear equations. These equations show the dependence of the criteria of the territories potential and the possibilities for their use. Among the criteria for the potential of the territory, indicators are highlighted that characterize the functional purpose of the territories. The system of criteria is directly dependent on the availability of resources on the territory. The second indicator for creating dependence is the indicator of the possibility of using territories. This indicator is associated with a specific infrastructure that allows using of the territory resources for a specific functional purpose. Based on the assessment that is carried out using this mathematical model, a database is created. The database is attached to digital maps of the territory. The software allows you to form queries and, with the help of filters, obtain results regarding the potential of a territory with one or another functional purpose.

Nowadays, companies can acquire and sustain competitive advantage only through implementation of different innovations. In the majority of cases innovation is connected somehow with digital and information technologies. New digital technologies and products emerge with a very high speed, and companies usually implement them without justified selection and prioritization. Only 10% of them are completed successfully. Still the most commonly used approach for digital innovation projects assessment use financial metrics without due attention to the influence on company’s strategic goals and product development. This research suggests a model for assessment and selection the innovative projects. Over several decades, a class of innovation adoption models that help to evaluate whether a certain innovation will be accepted by a company, its structure and employees, has been formed. However, they do not fully meet the needs of “digital” realities and need modification. The approach entails comprehensive evaluation of project’s expected results in four areas: environmental, organizational, strategic and technological contexts. Suggested method is based on the modified Fleischer-Tornatzky innovation adoption model.

The article discusses the problems of automating support for choosing a marketing strategy based on user preferences. This problem arose due to a large amount of data about visitors, a variety of personalization methods and methods of developing marketing strategies. At the moment, there is a contradiction between the lack of automation and its need to increase conversion, reduce time and money costs when choosing a marketing strategy. The paper considers and compares the methods of choosing a marketing strategy and identifies patterns in user preferences, analyzes the principles of existing software analogues operation. Based on the analysis, methods and algorithms were developed to support the choice of a marketing strategy in the field of Internet business based on user preferences, an experiment was carried out on a ready-made data collection, and the software, system architecture and data architecture for a system that supports the choice of a marketing strategy were described; software implementation of the developed algorithms is being discussed. The result of the work can be used primarily by marketers and specialists in online advertising to reduce the time and money spent on advertising campaigns and increase conversion.

This paper is devoted to creating an optimal paper web control system. The authors analyzed the requirements for modern automated control and regulation systems. The paper discusses the paper production stages and the required quality criteria on each of the stages. Issues related to the proof and use of the Pontryagin maximum principle in the theory of optimal control are considered. Pontryagin principle is used in the theory of optimal control to search for the best possible control to transfer the dynamic system from one state to another, especially if there are restrictions for state or input controls. The optimal system for controlling the weight of paper web, based on the Pontryagin principle for the minimum energy value, is presented. The result of the system using optimal control based on the Pontryagin maximum principle decays faster with less control. The application of the maximum principle allows you to achieve the optimal value.

Based on the results of an expert survey, the article presents a factor model of the socio-economic challenges of rural areas in the views of heads and chief specialists of enterprises in the agrarian sector of the economy in the South of Russia. The expert survey was conducted in October–November 2020 using a questionnaire in Google Form and processed in SPSS Statistics (version 21). In the process of filling out the questionnaire, the experts assessed the significance in the list of 23 problems on a 5-point scale. The factor model makes it possible to comprehensively analyze the problem field of rural areas with the identification of possible latent factors of influence on their development. In the course of the study, 7 factors were established: a decrease in overall return (positive effects) from investments in agricultural production; financial insecurity of sustainable development of agricultural production; loss of agricultural products due to logistic inconsistencies; insufficient participation of the state in the regulation of agricultural production; limiting the development of the agricultural sector due to the specifics of production processes; human resources of the agricultural sector as a special area of responsibility of the state; lack of technologies for the production of agricultural products that do not destroy (do not worsen) the environment.

The paper presents the assessment of the roadside soil contamination level by aeropollutants at the new road section. The launch of the new road section is stated to reveal significant pollution level of the roadside area by harmful pollutants, in particular, by such heavy metals as Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and metalloid As, due to the gas-air emissions from the passing-by vehicles along this area. Away from the road, heavy metals and arsenic content in the roadside area soil decreases. The accumulation indicator of heavy metals and arsenic in the roadside soil decreases in the series: Pb > Ni > Cu > As > Zn. 1 year operation of the new road section was found to increase the average indicators of hazard coefficients of lead and arsenic in the roadside soil up to 1.39 and 2.73, respectively, thus detecting significant content excess of the established threshold limit value standards. The content of such hazard metals as Zn and Cu in the studied soil almost reached the threshold limit value (TLV) established by the current hygiene standard. To prevent the current dangerous trend, it is necessary to organize sanitary and hygienic monitoring of the roadside soil, surface and ground water of the area, exposed to constant HM impact and accumulation, aimed at detecting TLV exceedings and taking preventive measures to protect these areas.

In this paper, the authors touch upon a rather topical issue of the diffusion of innovations. The success of the innovation process and innovation activity depends on the speed and intensity of the diffusion of innovations. The authors considered the factors influencing the diffusion of innovations and the dissemination of information among the subjects (buyers, consumers, individuals, enterprises), namely the impact on the density of connections between the subjects of innovative activity. With their help, it is possible to manage the process of diffusion of innovations in a specific market and in a certain period of time. It is proved that the diffusion of innovations has certain distribution laws and can be modeled. The authors have considered and shown the possibility of modeling the process of diffusion of innovations using the diffusion equation, which is well known from mathematical physics (also known as the heat conduction equation). The paper proposes the diffusion of innovations in a certain spatially limited area, for example, within a separate state or their aggregate, region, city, and so on. The solution to this problem is of interest for further study of the development and modeling of innovative processes, and this will be reflected in the subsequent works of the authors.

This article discusses the methodology for calculating order priorities. The network planning method for loading equipment is implemented in the task algorithm using the priorities of orders and operations. The order priorities are set in the monthly plan and reflect the order's entry into the first or second group, i.e. the order is planned only for launch (ordinary orders) or for launch and release in the planned period (emergency and forced orders), and the order of execution is planned. Order priorities are the source data for calculating operation priorities for order details. The priority of an operation reflects the order of its execution for a given part, not only in relation to the details of other orders, but also in relation to other details of this order. The algorithm for calculating the priorities of the operation is designed so that for each order, a network schedule of its production is formed, which allows the technological cycle of machining for all parts included in the order to be completed simultaneously, by the time the assembly of the product begins. The network schedule for the order allows adjusting the start of the order details in production without violating the duration of the production cycle of the order production in order to reduce the work in progress.

The article is devoted to the study of stock exchange trading in stock indices as a tool for attracting speculative capital to the market in Ukraine. Reasonably, the investment process takes place through the purchase of an ordinary index share issued by an investment fund. Investors who buy this share receive a profit not only from the exchange rate difference of the share, but also on the payment of dividends by the fund. The stock market of Ukraine is at the stage of formation and development, so it has many problems and shortcomings. One of these disadvantages is the lack of opportunities to trade exchange-traded stock indices. The authors draw conclusions based on the fact that in order to implement the proposal of legislative regulation, the government needs to adopt a law on futures trading, which should contain a definition of the contract market, a definition of the futures exchange. Also create an administration for stock futures contracts within the Department of the Stock Market and Securities of Ukraine, which today exists as the National Securities and Stock Market Commission. The authors have proved that trading stock indices can be very attractive for a trader due to the fact that the index, in its essence, is a widely diversified financial instrument.

The article is devoted to substantiation of methodological aspects of application of hedge technologies of minimization of price risks of agricultural commodity producers. It is substantiated that the inelastic supply of agricultural products in relation to changes in market prices leads to fairly high price risks for farmers. The authors emphasize that thanks to hedging tools already during the sowing campaign, the agricultural producer can set a price at which he will be able to sell his harvest in the future. It has been proven that the advantages of hedging include the confidence of the agricultural producer that he will receive some pre-established income and intermediaries are protected from possible market fluctuations. It is stated that a forward contract is the cheapest and easiest way to hedge (protect) price risks as the supply of agricultural products is inelastic in relation to changes in market prices, which leads to fairly high price risks of agricultural producers. Within the limits of development of recommendations, the authors’ research of separate strategies caused allocation of the basic indicators and terms of their application on the exchange market by different categories of traders, therefore the proposed method of developing costs and revenues from the use of exchange rate strategies demonstrates the feasibility of using hedging in any direction of change in the price environment.

In the article suggests measures to increase the economic interests of enterprises by developing service-oriented and customer-oriented personnel. The rating analysis of the leading countries in personnel management is presented, based on the qualitative indicator “customer orientation” from the well-known worldwide methodology of Klaus Schwab. Tools are offered to increase staff motivation and loyalty to customers. Based on the use of the process approach, the authors propose a solution for optimizing business processes for JSC “Post". The authors propose to develop an operational plan of necessary measures to improve production processes in the framework of increasing competitiveness based on the introduction of the Japanese lean manufacturing method. Consider the basic concepts to improve the competitiveness of the enterprise. We study competitiveness as an economic category for the micro-level and note that—this is not only the ability of an enterprise to produce and sell goods or services, but also withstand competition with significant income. This concept is the most profound and requires a detailed theoretical study. The content of the understanding of effective personnel management and the practical application of categories such as “business activity of the personnel” and “satisfaction with the work of the personnel” is usually disclosed in the institutional environment in modern conditions. Therefore, to ensure the competitiveness of an industrial enterprise, it is necessary to maintain a balance of national interests, including those related to the development of a scenario for the transition of the Russian economy to an institutional innovation environment.