Experimental Study on Deformation and Failure Characteristics and Monitoring and Early Warning of Surrounding Rock of Tunnel Crossing Sliding Surface

In this paper, for the engineering problem of tunnel deformation damage caused by a tunnel–landslide orthogonal system landslide in northwest China, based on similar theory, a variety of materials and their ratios were explored to make similar models according to the physical and mechanical parameters of the site engineering rock, indoor physical model tests were constructed, and monitoring techniques, such as speckle displacement strain measurement, strain acquisition, and pressure sensors, were used to test the macroscopic deformation characteristics; through the detailed analysis and law summary of the test macroscopic deformation characteristics, displacement, anchor cable axial force, and strain data, it was finally found that under the orthogonal system of tunnel and sliding surface, the damage form of tunnel lining is mainly compression damage and shear damage, and the cracks are mainly tension cracks, and the effect of tunnel primary lining on the surrounding rock support is extremely limited under the action of huge sliding force; combined with the analysis of the model deformation characteristics and the axial force curve of the anchor cable during loading, it was found that the axial force change curve is consistent with the NPR Newton force curve can be used to evaluate slope stability and predict the occurrence of landslide disasters.