Hemodynamic effects of support modes of LVADs on the aortic valve

As the alternative treatment for heart failure, left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have been widely applied to clinical practice. However, the effects of the support modes of LVADs on the biomechanical states of the aortic valve are still poorly understood. Hence, the present study investigates such effects and proposes a novel fluid–structure interaction (FSI) approach that combines the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and finite element (FE) method. Two support modes of LVADs, namely constant speed mode and constant flow mode, which have been widely applied to clinical practice, are also designed. Results demonstrate that the support modes of LVADs could significantly affect the biomechanical states of the aortic valve and the blood flow pattern of the ascending aorta. Compared with those in the constant flow mode, the leaflets in the constant speed mode could achieve better dynamic performance and lower stress during the systolic phase. The max radial displacement of the leaflets in the constant speed mode is at 8 mm, whereas that in the constant flow mode is at 0.8 mm. Furthermore, the outflow of LVADs directly impacts the aortic surfaces of the leaflets during the diastolic phase by increasing the level of wall shear stress of the leaflets. The leaflets in the constant speed mode receive less impact than those in the constant flow mode. The condition with such minimal impact is conducive to maintaining the normal structure of leaflets and benefits the reduction of the risk of valvular diseases. In sum, the support modes of LVADs exert a crucial effect on the biomechanical environment of the aortic valve. The constant speed mode is better than the constant flow mode in terms of providing a good hemodynamic environment for the aortic valve.