nach oben

Journal of Business Ethics

Erschienen in:

01.02.2013

Boardroom Diversity and its Effect on Social Performance: Conceptualization and Empirical Evidence

verfasst von: Taïeb Hafsi, Gokhan Turgut

Erschienen in: Journal of Business Ethics | Ausgabe 3/2013

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

In this paper, we seek to answer two questions: (1) what does boardroom diversity stand for in the strategic management literature? And, (2) is there a significant relationship between boardroom diversity and corporate social performance. We first clarify the boardroom diversity concept, distinguishing between a structural diversity of boards and a demographic diversity in boards, and then we investigate its possible linkage to social performance in a sample of S&P500 firms. We find a significant relationship between diversity in boards and social performance. This relationship is moderated by diversity of boards. Our results also reveal the effects of the specific variables that make up the diversity of boards and diversity in boards constructs. In particular, gender, and age have a significant effect on corporate social performance. Some important measurement issues are raised and discussed.

Vorheriger Artikel The Relationship between the Integration of Faith and Work with Life and Job Outcomes

Nächster Artikel Timing in Accountability and Trust Relationships

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich

Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(2), 291–309.CrossRef

Aguilera, R. V., & Jackson, G. (2010). Comparative and international corporate governance. The Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 485–556.CrossRef

Alexander, J. A., Fennell, M. L., & Halpern, M. T. (1993). Leadership instability in hospitals: The influence of board-CEO relations and organizational growth and decline. Administrative Science Quarterly, 38(1), 74–99.CrossRef

Barnea, A., & Rubin, A. (2010). Corporate social responsibility as a conflict between shareholders. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(1), 71–86.CrossRef

Bear, S., Rahman, N., & Post, C. (2010). The impact of board diversity and gender composition on corporate social responsibility and firm reputation. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(2), 207–221.CrossRef

Bebchuk, L., Cohen, A., & Ferrell, A. (2009). What matters in corporate governance? Review of Financial Studies, 22(2), 783.CrossRef

Bekiroglu, C., Erdil, O., & Alpkan, L. (2011). Variables perceived by managers as antecedents to environmental management: An empirical study in the Turkish construction sector. Journal of Global Strategic Management, 9, 157–175.

BenAmar, W., Francoeur, C., Hafsi, T., & Labelle, R. (2011). What makes better boards: A closer look at diversity and ownership. British Journal of Management. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8551.2011.00789.x.

Berman, S. L., Wicks, A. C., Kotha, S., & Jones, T. M. (1999). Does stakeholder orientation matter? The relationship between stakeholder management models and firm financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 488–506.CrossRef

Bhagat, S., & Black, B. (2001). The non-correlation between board independence and long-term firm performance. Journal of Corporation Law, 27, 231–273.

Bilimoria, D., & Piderit, S. K. (1994). Qualifications of corporate board committee members. Group & Organization Management, 19(3), 334.CrossRef

Bowen, H. R. (1953). Social responsibilities of the businessman. New York: Harper and Row.

Brown, B., & Perry, S. (1994). Removing the financial performance halo from fortune’s “most admired” companies. Academy of Management Journal, 37(5), 1347–1359.CrossRef

Burgess, Z., & Tharenou, P. (2002). Women board directors: Characteristics of the few. Journal of Business Ethics, 37(1), 39–49.CrossRef

Byrne, D. E. (1971). The attraction paradigm. New York: Academic Press.

Carpenter, M. A., Geletkanycz, M. A., & Sanders, W. (2004). Upper echelons research revisited: Antecedents, elements, and consequences of top management team composition. Journal of Management, 30(6), 749.

Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. Academy of Management Review, 44, 497–505.

Carter, D. A., Simkins, B. J., & Simpson, W. G. (2005). Corporate governance, board diversity, and firm performance. The Financial Review, 38, 33–53.CrossRef

Chatterjee, S., Hadi, A., & Price, B. (2000). The use of regression analysis by example. New York: Wiley.

Chatterji, A. K., Levine, D. I., & Toffel, M. W. (2009). How well do social ratings actually measure corporate social responsibility? Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 18(1), 125–169.CrossRef

Clarkson, M. B. E. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corpora. Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92.

Coffey, B. S., & Fryxell, G. E. (1991). Institutional ownership of stock and dimensions of corporate social performance: An empirical examination. Journal of Business Ethics, 10(6), 437–444.CrossRef

Coffey, B. S., & Wang, J. (1998). Board diversity and managerial control as predictors of corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(14), 1595–1603.CrossRef

Cox, T. H., Lobel, S. A., & McLeod, P. L. (1991). Effects of ethnic group cultural differences on cooperative and competitive behavior on a group task. Academy of Management Journal, 34(4), 827–847.CrossRef

Daily, C. M., Certo, S. T., & Dalton, D. R. (1999). A decade of corporate women: Some progress in the boardroom, none in the executive suite. Strategic Management Journal, 20(1), 93–99.CrossRef

Daily, C. M., & Dalton, D. R. (2003). Women in the boardroom: A business imperative. Journal of Business Strategy, 24(5), 8–10.

Daily, C. M., Dalton, D. R., Albert, A., & Cannella, J. (2003). Corporate governance: Decades of dialogue and data. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 371.

Dalton, D. R., Daily, C. M., Ellstrand, A. E., & Johnson, J. L. (1998). Meta-analytic reviews of board composition, leadership structure, and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 19(3), 269–290.CrossRef

Dalton, D. R., Hitt, M. A., Certo, S. T., & Dalton, C. M. (2007). The fundamental agency problem and its mitigation: Independence, equity, and the market for corporate control. In J. P. Walsh & A. P. Brief (Eds.), The academy of management annals (pp. 1–64). New York: Taylor & Francis.

Davis, G. F., & Cobb, J. A. (2010). Resource dependence theory: Past and future. Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 28, 21–42.CrossRef

Deza, M. M., & Deza, E. (2009). Encyclopedia of distances. Heidelberg: Springer.CrossRef

Dittmar, A., & Mahrt-Smith, J. (2007). Corporate governance and the value of cash holdings. Journal of Financial Economics, 83(3), 599–634.CrossRef

Ellstrand, A. E., Tihanyi, L., & Johnson, J. L. (2002). Board structure and international political risk. Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), 769–777.CrossRef

Erhardt, N. L., Werbel, J. D., & Shrader, C. B. (2003). Board of director diversity and firm financial performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11(2), 102–111.CrossRef

Fama, E., & Jensen, M. (1983). Separation of ownership and control. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301.CrossRef

Finkelstein, S., Cannella, B., & Hambrick, D. C. (2008). Strategic leadership: Theory and research on executives, top management teams, and boards. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Finkelstein, S., & Hambrick, D. C. (1988). Chief executive compensation: A synthesis and reconciliation. Strategic Management Journal, 9(6), 543–558.CrossRef

Finkelstein, S., Hambrick, D. C., & Cannella, A. A. (2009). Strategic leadership: Theory and research on executives, top management teams, and boards. New York: Oxford University Press.

Forbes, D. P., & Milliken, F. J. (1999). Cognition and corporate governance: Understanding boards of directors as strategic decision-making groups. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 489–505.

Francoeur, C., Labelle, R., & Sinclair-desgagné, B. (2008). Gender diversity in corporate governance and top management. Journal of Business Ethics, 81(1), 83.CrossRef

Friedman, M., & Friedman, R. D. (1962). Capitalism and freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Geletkanycz, M. A., & Hambrick, D. C. (1997). The external ties of top executives: Implications for strategic choice and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(4), 654–681.CrossRef

Gompers, P., Ishii, J., & Metrick, A. (2003). Corporate governance and equity prices. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(1), 107–155.CrossRef

Gond, J. P., & Crane, A. (2010). Corporate social performance disoriented: Saving the lost paradigm? Business & Society, 49(4), 677–703.CrossRef

Goodstein, J., Gautam, K., & Boeker, W. (1994). The effects of board size and diversity on strategic change. Strategic Management Journal, 15(3), 241–250.CrossRef

Graves, S. B., & Waddock, S. A. (1994). Institutional owners and corporate social performance. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 1034–1046.CrossRef

Griffin, J. J., & Mahon, J. F. (1997). The corporate social performance and corporate financial performance debate. Business & Society, 36(1), 5–31.CrossRef

Guthrie, J. P., & Datta, D. K. (1997). Contextual influences on executive selection: Firm characteristics and CEO experience. Journal of Management Studies, 34(4), 537–560.CrossRef

Hambrick, D. C. (2005). Upper echelons theory: Origins, twists and turns, and lessons learned. In K. G. Smith & M. A. Hitt (Eds.), Great minds in management: The process of theory development (pp. 109–127). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hambrick, D. C., & Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of Management Review, 9(2), 193–206.

Hambrick, D. C., Werder, A., & Zajac, E. J. (2008). New directions in corporate governance research. Organization Science, 19(3), 381–385.CrossRef

Han, J., Kamber, M., & Pei, J. (2011). Data mining concepts and techniques. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.

Harrison, D. A., & Klein, K. J. (2007). What’s the difference? Diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1199–1228.CrossRef

Haslam, S. A., Ryan, M. K., Kulich, C., Trojanowski, G., & Atkins, C. (2010). Investing with prejudice: The relationship between women’s presence on company boards and objective and subjective measures of company performance. British Journal of Management, 21(2), 484–497.

Hillman, A. J., & Dalziel, T. (2003). Boards of directors and firm performance: Integrating agency and resource dependence perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 383–396.

Hillman, A. J., & Keim, G. D. (2001). Shareholder value, stakeholder management, and social issues: What’s the bottom line? Strategic Management Journal, 22(2), 125–139.CrossRef

Hillman, A. J., Keim, G. D., & Luce, R. A. (2001). Board composition and stakeholder performance: Do stakeholder directors make a difference? Business and Society, 40(3), 295.CrossRef

Hillman, A. J., Shropshire, C., & Cannella, A. A. (2007). Organizational predictors of women on corporate boards. Academy of Management Journal, 50(4), 941–952.CrossRef

Hillman, A. J., Withers, M. C., & Collins, B. J. (2009). Resource dependence theory: A review. Journal of Management, 35(6), 1404–1427.CrossRef

Hitt, M. A., & Tyler, B. B. (1991). Strategic decision models: Integrating different perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 12, 327–351.CrossRef

Hoskisson, R. E., Johnson, R. A., & Moesel, D. D. (1994). Corporate divestiture intensity in restructuring firms: Effects of governance, strategy, and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 37, 1207–1251.CrossRef

Ibrahim, N. A., Howard, D. P., & Angelidis, J. P. (2003). Board members in the service industry: An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility orientation and directorial type. Journal of Business Ethics, 47(4), 393–401.CrossRef

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs, and capital structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360.CrossRef

Johnson, R. A., & Greening, D. W. (1999). The effects of corporate governance and institutional ownership types on corporate social performance. Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 564–576.CrossRef

Johnson, R. A., Hoskisson, R. E., & Hitt, M. A. (1993). Board of director involvement in restructuring: The effects of board versus managerial controls and characteristics. Strategic Management Journal, 14, 33–50.CrossRef

Judge, W. Q., Jr., & Zeithaml, C. P. (1992). Institutional and strategic choice perspectives on board involvement in the strategic decision process. Academy of Management Journal, 35(4), 766–794.CrossRef

Kesner, I. F. (1988). Directors’ characteristics and committee membership: An investigation of type, occupation, tenure, and gender. Academy of Management Journal, 31(1), 66–84.CrossRef

Kets de Vries, M. F. R., & Miller, D. (1984). The neurotic organization. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Kosnik, R. D. (1990). Effects of board demography and directors incentives on corporate greenmail decisions. Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 129–150.CrossRef

Kutner, M. H., Nachtsheim, C. J., Neter, J., & Li, W. (2004). Applied linear statistical models (5th ed.). Irwin: McGraw-Hill.

Leblanc, R., & Gillies, J. M. (2005). Inside the boardroom: How boards really work and the coming revolution in corporate governance. Mississauga: Wiley Canada.

Lorsch, J. W., & MacIver, E. (1989). Pawns or potentates: The reality of America’s corporate boards. Boston: Harvard Business Press.

Luoma, P., & Goodstein, J. (1999). Stakeholders and corporate boards: Institutional influences on board composition and structure. Academy of Management Journal, 42(5), 553–563.CrossRef

Luthar, H. K., DiBattista, R. A., & Gautschi, T. (1997). Perception of what the ethical climate is and what it should be: The role of gender, academic status, and ethical education. Journal of Business Ethics, 16(2), 205–217.CrossRef

Manzoni, J. F., Strebel, P., & Barsoux, J. L. (2010, January and 25). Why Diversity Can Backfire On Company Boards. Wall Street Journal.

Mattingly, J. E., & Berman, S. L. (2006). Measurement of corporate social action. Business & Society, 45(1), 20–46.CrossRef

McDonald, M. L., & Westphal, J. D. (2003). Getting by with the advice of their friends: CEOs’ advice networks and firms’ strategic responses to poor performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 48(1), 1–32.CrossRef

McDonald, M. L., & Westphal, J. D. (2010). A little help here? Board control, CEO identification with the corporate elite, and strategic help provided to CEOs at other firms. The Academy of Management Journal (AMJ), 53(2), 343–370.CrossRef

McGuire, J., Dow, S., & Argheyd, K. (2003). CEO incentives and corporate social performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 45(4), 341–359.CrossRef

McLeod, P., & Lobel, S. (1992). The effects of ethnic diversity on idea generation in small groups. Academy of management best paper proceedings, 22, 227–231.CrossRef

Milliken, F. J., & Martins, L. L. (1996). Searching for common threads: Understanding the multiple effects of diversity in organizational groups. Academy of Management Review, 21(2), 402–433.

Mintzberg, H. (1983). Power in and around organizations. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

Molz, R. (1995). The theory of pluralism in corporate governance: A conceptual framework and empirical test. Journal of Business Ethics, 14(10), 789.CrossRef

Pearce, J. A., & Zahra, S. A. (1992). Board composition from a strategic contingency perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 29(4), 411–438.CrossRef

Pelled, L. H., Eisenhardt, K. M., & Xin, K. R. (1999). Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict, and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(1), 1–28.CrossRef

Peterson, C. A., Philpot, J., & O’Shaughnessy, K. (2007). African American diversity in the boardrooms of the US fortune 500: Director presence, expertise and committee membership. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15(4), 558–575.CrossRef

Pfeffer, J. (1972). Size and composition of corporate boards of directors: The organization and its environment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 218–228.CrossRef

Pfeffer, J. (1973). Size, composition, and function of hospital boards of directors: A study of organization-environment linkage. Administrative Science Quarterly., 18, 349–364.CrossRef

Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organizations: A resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper&Row.

Porter, M. E. (1996). What is strategy? Harvard Business Review, 74(6), 61–78.

Post, C., Rahman, N., & Rubow, E. (2011). Green governance: Boards of directors’ composition and environmental corporate social responsibility. Business & Society, 50(1), 189–223.CrossRef

Powell, G. N. (1999). Handbook of gender & work. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Provan, K. G. (1980). Board power and organizational effectiveness among human service agencies. Academy of Management Journal, 23(2), 221–236.CrossRef

Raatikainen, P. (2002). Contributions of multiculturalism to the competitive advantage of an organisation. Singapore Management Review, 24(1), 81–85.

Rahman, N., & Post, C. (2012). Measurement issues in environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR): Toward a transparent, reliable, and construct valid instrument. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(3), 307–319.CrossRef

Rhodes, S. R. (1983). Age-related differences in work attitudes and behavior: A review and conceptual analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 93(2), 328–367.CrossRef

Robinson, G., & Dechant, K. (1997). Building a business case for diversity. The Academy of Management Executive, 11(3), 21–31.

Roth, K., & O’Donnell, S. (1996). Foreign subsidiary compensation strategy: An agency theory perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 678–703.CrossRef

Rowley, T., & Berman, S. (2000). A brand new brand of corporate social performance. Business & Society, 39(4), 397–419.CrossRef

Sharfman, M. (1996). The construct validity of the Kinder, Lydenberg & Domini social performance ratings data. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(3), 287–296.CrossRef

Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. (1997). A survey of corporate governance. Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737–783.CrossRef

Shrader, C. B., Blackburn, V. L., & Iles, P. (1997). Women in management and firm financial performance: An exploratory study. Journal of Managerial Issues, 9, 355–372.

Siciliano, J. I. (1996). The relationship of board member diversity to organizational performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 15(12), 1313.CrossRef

Simpson, W. G., & Kohers, T. (2002). The link between corporate social and financial performance: Evidence from the banking industry. Journal of Business Ethics, 35(2), 97–109.CrossRef

Sutcliffe, K. M., & Huber, G. P. (1998). Firm and industry as determinants of executive perceptions of the environment. Strategic Management Journal, 19, 793–807.CrossRef

Thatcher, S. M. B., Jehn, K. A., & Zanutto, E. (2003). Cracks in diversity research: The effects of diversity faultlines on conflict and performance. Group Decision and Negotiation, 12(3), 217–241.CrossRef

Thomas, D. A., & Ely, R. J. (1996). Making differences matter. Harvard business review, 74(5), 79–90.

Tsui, A. S., Egan, T. D., & O’Reilly, C. A., I. I. I. (1992). Being different: Relational demography and organizational attachment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 37, 549–579.CrossRef

Tsui, A. S., & Gutek, B. A. (1999). Demographic differences in organizations: Current research and future directions. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

Useem, M. (1986). The inner circle: Large corporations and the rise of business political activity in the US and UK. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Vafeas, N. (2003). Length of board tenure and outside director independence. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 30(7 8), 1043–1064.CrossRef

van Knippenberg, D., Haslam, S. A., & Platow, M. J. (2007). Unity through diversity: Value-in-diversity beliefs, work group diversity, and group identification. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 11(3), 207–222.CrossRef

Waddock, S. (2003). Myths and realities of social investing. Organization & environment, 16(3), 369–380.CrossRef

Waddock, S. A., & Graves, S. B. (1997). The corporate social performance–financial performance link. Strategic Management Journal, 18(4), 303–319.CrossRef

Walls, J. L., Berrone, P., & Phan, P. H. (2012). Corporate governance and environmental performance: Is there really a link? Strategic Management Journal. doi:10.1002/smj.1952.

Wang, J., & Coffey, B. S. (1992). Board composition and corporate philanthropy. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(10), 771–778.CrossRef

Wang, J., & Dewhirst, H. D. (1992). Boards of directors and stakeholder orientation. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(2), 115–123.CrossRef

Wartick, S. L., & Cochran, P. L. (1985). The evolution of the corporate social performance model. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 758–769.

Westphal, J. D., & Fredrickson, J. W. (2001). Who directs strategic change? Director experience, the selection of new CEOs, and change in corporate strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 22(12), 1113–1137.CrossRef

Westphal, J., & Milton, L. (2000). How experience and network ties affect the influence of demographic minorities on corporate boards. Administrative Science Quarterly, 45(2), 366–398.CrossRef

Westphal, J. D., & Zajac, E. J. (1995). Who shall govern? CEO/board power, demographic similarity, and new director selection. Administrative Science Quarterly, 40(1), 60–83.CrossRef

Westphal, J. D., & Zajac, E. J. (1997). Defections from the inner circle: Social exchange, reciprocity, and the diffusion of board independence in US corporations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 161–183.CrossRef

White, H. (1980). A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 48, 817–838.CrossRef

Williams, R. (2003). Women on corporate boards of directors and their influence on corporate philanthropy. Journal of Business Ethics, 42(1), 1–10.CrossRef

Williams, K. Y., & O’Reilly, C. A. (1998). Demography and diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research. In B. Staw & R. Sutton (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 20, pp. 77–140). Greenwich: JAI Press.

Wood, D. J. (1991). Corporate social performance revisited. Academy of Management Review, 16(4), 691–718.

Zahra, S., & Pearce, J. (1989). Boards of directors and corporate financial performance: A review and integrative model. Journal of Management, 15(2), 291–334.CrossRef

Zajac, E., & Westphal, J. (1996a). Director reputation, CEO-board power, and the dynamics of board interlocks. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41(3), 507–529.CrossRef

Zajac, E. J., & Westphal, J. D. (1996b). Who shall succeed? How CEO/board preferences and power affect the choice of new CEOs. Academy of Management Journal, 39(1), 64–90.CrossRef

Zelechowski, D. D., & Bilimoria, D. (2004). Characteristics of women and men corporate inside directors in the US. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 12(3), 337–342.CrossRef

Titel: Boardroom Diversity and its Effect on Social Performance: Conceptualization and Empirical Evidence
verfasst von: Taïeb Hafsi
Gokhan Turgut
Publikationsdatum: 01.02.2013
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Business Ethics / Ausgabe 3/2013
Print ISSN: 0167-4544
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0697
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1272-z

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2013

The Influence of Subjective Norms on Whistle-Blowing: A Cross-Cultural Investigation

Whistle-Blowing Methods for Navigating Within and Helping Reform Regulatory Institutions

The Relationship between the Integration of Faith and Work with Life and Job Outcomes

Business Unethicality as an Impediment to Consumer Trust: The Moderating Role of Demographic and Cultural Characteristics

Using Social Identity Theory to Predict Managers’ Emphases on Ethical and Legal Values in Judging Business Issues

Moral Schemas and Corruption in Ugandan Public Procurement

Premium Partner