nach oben

Erschienen in:

27.01.2016

Monetary Intelligence and Behavioral Economics: The Enron Effect—Love of Money, Corporate Ethical Values, Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), and Dishonesty Across 31 Geopolitical Entities

verfasst von: Thomas Li-Ping Tang, Toto Sutarso, Mahfooz A. Ansari, Vivien K. G. Lim, Thompson S. H. Teo, Fernando Arias-Galicia, Ilya E. Garber, Randy Ki-Kwan Chiu, Brigitte Charles-Pauvers, Roberto Luna-Arocas, Peter Vlerick, Adebowale Akande, Michael W. Allen, Abdulgawi Salim Al-Zubaidi, Mark G. Borg, Bor-Shiuan Cheng, Rosario Correia, Linzhi Du, Consuelo Garcia de la Torre, Abdul Hamid Safwat Ibrahim, Chin-Kang Jen, Ali Mahdi Kazem, Kilsun Kim, Jian Liang, Eva Malovics, Alice S. Moreira, Richard T. Mpoyi, Anthony Ugochukwu Obiajulu Nnedum, Johnsto E. Osagie, AAhad M. Osman-Gani, Mehmet Ferhat Özbek, Francisco José Costa Pereira, Ruja Pholsward, Horia D. Pitariu, Marko Polic, Elisaveta Gjorgji Sardžoska, Petar Skobic, Allen F. Stembridge, Theresa Li-Na Tang, Caroline Urbain, Martina Trontelj, Luigina Canova, Anna Maria Manganelli, Jingqiu Chen, Ningyu Tang, Bolanle E. Adetoun, Modupe F. Adewuyi

Erschienen in: Journal of Business Ethics | Ausgabe 4/2018

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

Monetary intelligence theory asserts that individuals apply their money attitude to frame critical concerns in the context and strategically select certain options to achieve financial goals and ultimate happiness. This study explores the dark side of monetary Intelligence and behavioral economics—dishonesty (corruption). Dishonesty, a risky prospect, involves cost–benefit analysis of self-interest. We frame good or bad barrels in the environmental context as a proxy of high or low probability of getting caught for dishonesty, respectively. We theorize: The magnitude and intensity of the relationship between love of money and dishonest prospect (dishonesty) may reveal how individuals frame dishonesty in the context of two levels of subjective norm—perceived corporate ethical values at the micro-level (CEV, Level 1) and Corruption Perceptions Index at the macro-level (CPI, Level 2), collected from multiple sources. Based on 6382 managers in 31 geopolitical entities across six continents, our cross-level three-way interaction effect illustrates: As expected, managers in good barrels (high CEV/high CPI), mixed barrels (low CEV/high CPI or high CEV/low CPI), and bad barrels (low CEV/low CPI) display low, medium, and high magnitude of dishonesty, respectively. With high CEV, the intensity is the same across cultures. With low CEV, the intensity of dishonesty is the highest in high CPI entities (risk seeking of high probability)—the Enron Effect, but the lowest in low CPI entities (risk aversion of low probability). CPI has a strong impact on the magnitude of dishonesty, whereas CEV has a strong impact on the intensity of dishonesty. We demonstrate dishonesty in light of monetary values and two frames of social norm, revealing critical implications to the field of behavioral economics and business ethics.

Vorheriger Artikel Monetary Intelligence and Behavioral Economics Across 32 Cultures: Good Apples Enjoy Good Quality of Life in Good Barrels

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Most “geopolitical entities” are countries or nation-states. We have data from People’s Republic of China (China), Hong Kong, and Taiwan; treat China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan as separate geopolitical entities; and use the terms geopolitical entities or entities, thereafter, in this paper.

1 Timothy 6: 10.

A high CPI score indicates a clean and ethical culture at the geopolitical entity level.

The Matthew Effect: To anyone who has, more will be given, and he will grow rich; from anyone who has not, even what he has will be taken away (Matthew 13: 12).

Adams, J. S. (1963). Toward an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal Social Psychology, 67, 422–436.CrossRef

Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.CrossRef

Anand, V., Ashforth, B. E., & Joshi, M. (2004). Business as usual: The acceptance and perpetuation of corruption in organizations. Academy of Management Executive, 18, 39–53.CrossRef

Aquino, K., Freeman, D., Reed, A., Lim, V. K. G., & Felps, W. (2009). Testing a social-cognitive model of moral behavior: The interactive influence of situations and moral identity centrality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 123–141.CrossRef

Ariely, D. (2008a). How honest people cheat. Harvard Business Review, 86(2), 24.

Ariely, D. (2008b). Predictably irrational: The hidden forces that shape our decisions. New York: Harper/Perennial.

Ariely, D. (2010). You are what you measure. Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 38.

Ariyabuddhiphongs, V., & Hongladarom, C. (2011). Violation of Buddhist five percepts, money consciousness, and the tendency to pay bribes among organizational employees in Bangkok, Thailand. Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 33, 325–344.CrossRef

Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471–499.CrossRef

Ashforth, B. E., Gioia, D. A., Robinson, S. L., & Treviño, L. K. (2008). Introduction to special topic forum: Re-viewing organizational corruption. Academy of Management Review, 33, 670–684.CrossRef

Badaracco, J. L. (2006). Leadership in literature: A conversation with business ethicist Joseph L. Badaracco, Jr. Harvard Business Review, 84(3), 47–55.

Baker, T. L., Hunt, T. G., & Andrews, M. C. (2006). Promoting ethical behavior and organizational citizenship behaviors: The influence of corporate ethical values. Journal of Business Research, 59(7), 849–857.CrossRef

Bamberger, P. (2008). Beyond contextualization: Using context theories to narrow the micro-macro gap in management research. Academy of Management Journal, 51, 839–846.CrossRef

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (1996). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 364–373.CrossRef

Bartunek, J. M., Rynes, S. L., & Ireland, R. D. (2006). What makes management research interesting, and why does it matter? Academy of Management Journal, 49, 9–15.CrossRef

Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2011). Management: Leading & collaborating in the competitive world (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 28, 670–676.CrossRef

Belk, R. W. (1985). Materialism: Trait aspects of living in the material world. Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 265–280.CrossRef

Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349–360.CrossRef

Brislin, R. W. (1980). Translation and content analysis of oral and written materials. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 2: Methodology, pp. 349-444). Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Bruner, J. S., & Goodman, C. C. (1947). Value and needs as organizing factors in perception. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 42, 33–44.CrossRef

Campbell, J. L. (2007). Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility. Academy of Management Review, 32, 946–967.CrossRef

Chen, J. Q., Tang, T. L. P., & Tang, N. Y. (2014). Temptation, monetary intelligence (love of money), and environmental context on unethical intentions and cheating. Journal of Business Ethics, 123(2), 197–219.CrossRef

Cheung, G. W., & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 233–255.CrossRef

Christie, R., & Geis, F. L. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.

Cohen-Charash, Y., & Spector, P. E. (2001). The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86, 278–321.CrossRef

Cohn, A., Fehr, E., & Marechal, M. A. (2014). Business culture and dishonesty in the banking industry. Nature, 516, 86–89.

Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., & Wesson, M. J. (2011). Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment in the workplace. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Colquitt, J. A., & Zapata-Phelan, C. P. (2007). Trends in theory building and theory testing: A five-decade study of the Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1281–1303.CrossRef

Cordano, M., & Frieze, I. H. (2000). Pollution reduction preferences of US environmental managers: Applying Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 627–641.CrossRef

Cozzolino, P. J., Sheldon, K. M., Schachtman, T. R., & Meyers, L. S. (2009). Limited time perspective, values, and greed: Imagining a limited future reduces avarice in extrinsic people. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 399–408.CrossRef

Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22, 20–47.

Dawson, J. F., & Richter, A. W. (2006). Probing three-way interactions in moderated multiple regression: Development and application of a slope difference test. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 917–926.CrossRef

De Jonge, J., & Peeters, M. C. W. (2009). Convergence of self-reports and coworker reports of counterproductive work behavior: A cross-sectional multi-source survey among health care workers. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46, 699–707.CrossRef

Dineen, B. R., Lewicki, R. J., & Tomlinson, E. C. (2006). Supervisory guidance and behavioral integrity: Relationships with employee citizenship and deviant behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 622–635.CrossRef

Drori, G. S., Jang, Y. S., & Meyer, J. W. (2006). Sources of rationalized governance: Cross-national longitudinal analyses 1985–2002. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51, 205–229.CrossRef

Easterlin, R. A. (2001). Income and happiness: Towards a unified theory. The Economic Journal, 111, 465–484.CrossRef

Erdener, C., & Garkavenko, V. (2012). Money attitudes in Kazakhstan. Journal of International Business and Economics, 12(3), 87–94.

Exadaktylos, F., Espin, A. M., & Branas-Garza, P. (2013). Experimental subjects are not different. Scientific Reports, 3, 1213. doi:10.1038/srep01213.CrossRef

Feiner, M. (2004). The Feiner points of leadership. New York: Warner Business Books.

Fisman, R., & Miguel, E. (2007). Corruption, norms, and legal enforcement: Evidence from diplomatic parking tickets. Journal of Political Economy, 115(6), 1020–1048.CrossRef

Fox, S., Spector, P. E., Goh, A., & Bruursema, K. (2007). Does your coworker know what you’re doing? Convergence of self- and peer-reports of counterproductive work behavior. International Journal of Stress Management, 14, 41–60.CrossRef

Frey, B. S., & Jegen, R. (2001). Motivation crowding theory. Journal of Economic Surveys, 15, 589–611.CrossRef

Furnham, A. (2014). The new psychology of money. London: Routledge.

Furnham, A., & Argyle, M. (1998). The psychology of money. London: Routledge.

Gachter, S. (2015). Behavioral economics: Visible inequality breeds more inequality. Nature, 526(7573), 333–334.CrossRef

Gbadamosi, G., & Joubert, P. (2005). Money ethic, moral conduct and work related attitudes: Field study from the public sector in Swaziland. Journal of Management Development, 24, 754–763.CrossRef

Gentina, E., Tang, T. L. P., & Gu, Q. X. (2015). Does bad company corrupt good morals? Social bonding and academic cheating among French and Chinese teens. Journal of Business Ethics. doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2939-z.

Gilbert, J. A., & Tang, T. L. P. (1998). An examination of organizational trust antecedents. Public Personnel Management, 27, 321–338.CrossRef

Gino, F., & Pierce, L. (2009a). Dishonesty in the name of equity. Psychological Science, 20(9), 1153–1160.CrossRef

Gino, F., & Pierce, L. (2009b). The abundance effect: Unethical behavior in the presence of wealth. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109, 142–155.CrossRef

Gomez-Mejia, L., Wiseman, R. M., & Dykes, B. J. (2005). Agency problems in diverse contexts: A global perspective. Journal of Management Studies, 42, 1507–1517.CrossRef

Gorodnichenko, Y., & Peter, K. S. (2007). Public sector pay and corruption: Measuring bribery from micro data. Journal of Public Economics, 91, 963–991.CrossRef

Grant, A. M. (2008). Does intrinsic motivation fuel the prosocial fire? Motivational synergy in predicting persistence, performance, and productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 48.CrossRef

Greenberg, J. (1993). Stealing in the name of justice: Informational and interpersonal moderators of theft reactions to underpayment inequity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 54, 81–103.CrossRef

Greenberg, J. (2002). Who stole the money, and when? Individual and situational determinants of manager theft. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 89, 985–1003.CrossRef

Grossman, H. I. (1999). Kleptocracy and revolutions. Oxford Economic Papers, 51, 267–283.CrossRef

Herzberg, F. (1987). One more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, 65(5), 109–120.

Hitt, M. A., Beamish, P. W., Jackson, S. E., & Mathieu, J. E. (2007). Building theoretical and empirical bridges across levels: Multilevel research in management. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1385–1399.CrossRef

Hsee, C. K., Yang, Y., Li, N., & Shen, L. X. (2009). Wealth, warmth, and well-being: Whether happiness is relative or absolute depends on whether it is about money, acquisition, or consumption. Journal of Marketing Research, 46, 396–409.CrossRef

Hunt, S. D., Wood, V. R., & Chonko, L. B. (1989). Corporate ethical values and Organizational Commitment in Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 53, 79–90.CrossRef

Ivancevich, J. M., Konopaske, R., & Matteson, M. T. (2005). Organizational behavior and management (7th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Jenkins, G. D., Mitra, A., Gupta, N., & Shaw, D. (1998). Are financial incentives related to performance? A meta-analytic review of empirical research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 777–787.CrossRef

Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. New York: Farrar, Strass and Giroux.

Kahneman, D., & Deaton, A. (2010). High income improves evaluation of life but not emotional well-being. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(38), 16489–16493.CrossRef

Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263–291.CrossRef

Kasser, T. (2002). The high price of materialism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Kirkman, B., & Law, K. (2005). International management research in AMJ: Our past, present, and future. Academy of Management Journal, 48, 377–386.CrossRef

Kish-Gephart, J. J., Harrison, D. A., & Treviño, L. K. (2010). Bad apples, bad cases, and bad barrels: Meta-analytic evidence about sources of unethical decisions at work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 1–31.CrossRef

Klotz, A. C., & Bolino, M. C. (2013). Citizenship and counterproductive work behavior: A moral licensing view. Academy of Management Review, 38, 292–306.CrossRef

Lange, D. (2008). A multidimensional conceptualization of organizational corruption control. Academy of Management Review, 33, 710–729.CrossRef

Lawler, E. E. (1971). Pay and organizational effectiveness: A psychological view. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Lea, S. E. G., & Webley, P. (2006). Money as tool, money as drug: The biological psychology of a strong incentive. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29, 161–209.

Lemrová, S., Reiterová, E., Fatěnová, R., Lemr, K., & Tang, T. L. P. (2014). Money is power: Monetary intelligence—love of money and temptation of materialism among Czech university students. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(2), 329–348.CrossRef

Levine, D. P. (2005). The corrupt organization. Human Relations, 58, 723–740.CrossRef

Lim, V. K. G., & Sng, Q. S. (2006). Does parental job insecurity matter? Money anxiety, money motives, and work motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 1078–1087.CrossRef

Lim, V. K. G., & Teo, T. S. H. (1997). Sex, money and financial hardship: An empirical study of attitudes towards money among undergraduates in Singapore. Journal of Economic Psychology, 18, 369–386.CrossRef

Litzky, B. E., Eddleston, K. A., & Kidder, D. L. (2006). The good, the bad, and the misguided: How managers inadvertently encourage deviant behaviors. Academy of Management Perspectives, 20, 91–103.CrossRef

Liu, B. C., & Tang, T. L. P. (2011). Does the love of money moderate the relationship between public service motivation and job satisfaction? The case of Chinese professionals in the public sector. Public Administration Review, 71(5), 718–727.CrossRef

Locke, E. A., Feren, D. B., McCaleb, V. M., Shaw, K. N., & Denny, A. T. (1980). The relative effectiveness of four methods of motivating manager performance. In K. D. Duncan, M. M. Gruneberg, & D. Wallis (Eds.), Changes in working life (pp. 363–388). New York: Wiley.

Malhotra, D., & Gino, F. (2011). The pursuit of power corrupts: How investing in outside options motivates opportunism in relationship. Administrative Science Quarterly, 56(SI), 559–592.CrossRef

Manning, M. (2009). The effects of subjective norms on behaviour in the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48, 649–705.CrossRef

Martin, K. D., & Cullen, J. B. (2006). Continuities and extensions of ethical climate theory: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Business Ethics, 69, 175–194.CrossRef

Martin, K. D., Cullen, J. B., Johnson, J. L., & Parboteeah, K. P. (2007). Decide to bribe: A cross-level analysis of firm and home country influences on bribery activity. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1401–1422.CrossRef

Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York: Harper.

Mazar, N., Amir, O., & Ariely, D. (2008). The dishonesty of honest people: A theory of self-concept maintenance. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(6), 633–644.CrossRef

McClelland, D. C. (1967). Money as a motivator: Some research insights. The McKinsey Quarterly, 4, 10–21.

McShane, S. L., & Von Glinow, M. A. (2008). Organizational behavior (4th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill Irwin.

Merton, R. K. (1968). The Matthew effect in science. Science, 159, 56–63.CrossRef

Michalos, A. (1985). Multiple discrepancy theory. Social Indicators Research, 16, 347–413.CrossRef

Mickel, A. E., & Barron, L. A. (2008). Getting “More Bang for the Buck”: Symbolic value of monetary rewards in organizations. Journal of Management Inquiry, 17, 329–338.CrossRef

Milgram, S. (1974). Obedience to authority: An experimental view. New York: Harper and Row.

Milkovich, G. T., Newman, J. M., & Gerhart, B. (2014). Compensation (11th ed.). Boston, MA: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.

Mitchell, T. R., & Mickel, A. E. (1999). The meaning of money: An individual difference perspective. Academy of Management Review, 24, 568–578.

Newman, J. M., Gerhart, B., & Milkovich, G. T. (2017). Compensation (12th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Nickerson, J. A., & Zenger, T. R. (2008). Envy, comparison costs, and economic theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 29(13), 1429–1449.CrossRef

Nkundabanyanga, S. K., Omagor, C., Mpamizo, B., & Ntayi, J. M. (2011). The love of money, pressure to perform and unethical marketing behavior in the cosmetic industry in Uganda. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 3(4), 40–49.CrossRef

Özbek, M. F., Yoldash, M. A., & Tang, T. L. P. (2015). Theory of justice, OCB, and individualism: Kyrgyz citizens. Journal of Business Ethics. doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2553-0.

Pascual-Ezama, D., Fosgaard, T. R., Cardenas, J. C., Kujal, P., Veszteg, R., Gil-Gomez de Liano, B., & Branas-Garza, P. (2015). Context-dependent cheating: Experimental evidence from 16 countries. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 116, 379–386.CrossRef

Pfeffer, J. (1998, May/June). Six dangerous myths about pay. Harvard Business Review, 108–119.

Piff, P. K., Stancato, D. M., Cote, S., & Mendoza-Denton, R. (2012). Higher social class predicts increased unethical behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 4086–4091.CrossRef

Pinto, J., Leana, C. R., & Pil, F. K. (2008). Corrupt organizations or organizations of corrupt individuals? Two types of organization-level corruption. Academy of Management Review, 33, 685–709.CrossRef

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879–903.CrossRef

Prahalad, C. K., & Hammond, A. (2002). Serving the world’s poor profitably. Harvard Business Review, 80, 48–57.

Report to the Nations (2014). Retrieved October 25, 2015 from http://www.acfe.com/rttn-summary.aspx.

Richman, W. L., Kiesler, S., Weisband, S., & Drasgow, F. (1999). A meta-analytic study of social desirability distortion in computer-administered questionnaires, traditional questionnaires, and interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 754–775.CrossRef

Rijekeghem, C. V., & Weder, B. (1997). Corruption and the rate of temptation: Do low wages in the civil service cause corruption? International Monetary Fund Working Paper, 97/73.

Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38, 555–572.CrossRef

Rousseau, D. M., & Fried, Y. (2001). Location, location, location: Contextualizing organizational research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 1–13.CrossRef

Rynes, S. L., & Gerhart, B. (2000). Compensation in organizations: Current research and practice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Sardžoska, E., & Tang, T. L. P. (2009). Testing a model of behavioral intentions in the Republic of Macedonia: Differences between the private and the public sectors. Journal of Business Ethics, 87, 495–517.CrossRef

Sardžoska, E. G., & Tang, T. L. P. (2012). Work-related behavioral intentions in Macedonia: Coping strategies, work environment, love of money, job satisfaction, and demographic variables. Journal of Business Ethics, 108(3), 373–391.CrossRef

Sardžoska, E. G., & Tang, T. L. P. (2015). Monetary intelligence: Money attitudes—unethical intentions, intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction, and coping strategies across public and private sectors in Macedonia. Journal of Business Ethics, 130(1), 93–115.CrossRef

Scandura, T. A. (2016). Essentials of organizational behavior: An evidence-based approach. Los Angeles: Sage.

Scherbaum, C. A., & Ferreter, J. M. (2009). Estimating statistical power and required sample sizes for organizational research using multilevel modeling. Organizational Research Methods, 12, 347–367.CrossRef

Schoorman, F. D., & Mayer, R. C. (2008). The value of common perspectives in self-reported appraisals: You get what you ask for. Organizational Research Methods, 11, 148–159.CrossRef

Simons, T. (2002). Behavioral integrity: The perceived alignment between managers’ words and deeds as a research focus. Organization Science, 13, 18–35.CrossRef

Simons, T., & Roberson, Q. (2003). Why managers should care about fairness: The effects of aggregate justice perceptions on organizational outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 432–443.CrossRef

Skarlicki, D. P., & Folger, R. (1997). Retaliation in the workplace: The roles of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 434–443.CrossRef

Skinner, B. F. (1972). Beyond freedom and dignity. New York: Bantam Books.

Smith, A. (1937). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. New York: Modern Library. (Original work published 1776).

Sorensen, J. B. (2002). The strength of corporate culture and the reliability of firm performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47, 70–91.CrossRef

Spector, P. E. (2006). Method variance in organizational research: Truth or urban legend? Organizational Research Methods, 9, 221–232.CrossRef

Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2010). Counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: Are they opposite forms of active behavior? Applied Psychology: An International Review, 59(1), 21–39.CrossRef

Srivastava, A., Locke, E. A., & Bartol, K. M. (2001). Money and subjective well-being: It’s not the money, it’s the motives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80, 959–971.CrossRef

Staw, B. M., Bell, N. E., & Clausen, J. A. (1986). The dispositional approach to job attitudes: A lifetime longitudinal test. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31, 56–77.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P. (1992). The meaning of money revisited. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 197–202.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P. (1993). The meaning of money: Extension and exploration of the money ethic scale in a sample of university students in Taiwan. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 93–99.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P. (1996). Pay differentials as a function of rater’s sex, money ethic, and job incumbent’s sex: A test of the Matthew Effect. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, 127–144.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P. (2010). Money, the meaning of money, management, spirituality, and religion. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 7, 173–189.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P. (2014). Theory of monetary intelligence: Money attitudes—religious values, making money, making ethical decisions, and making the grade. Journal of Business Ethics. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2411-5.

Tang, T. L. P., & Baumeister, R. F. (1984). Effects of personal values, perceived surveillance, and task labels on task preference: The ideology of turning play into work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69, 99–105.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., & Chen, Y. J. (2008). Intelligence vs. wisdom: The love of money, Machiavellianism, and unethical behavior across college major and gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 1–26.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., Chen, Y. J., & Sutarso, T. (2008a). Bad apples in bad (business) barrels: The love of money, Machiavellianism, risk tolerance, and unethical behavior. Management Decision, 46(2), 243–263.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., & Chiu, R. K. (2003). Income, Money Ethic, pay satisfaction, commitment, and unethical behavior: Is the love of money the root of evil for Hong Kong managers? Journal of Business Ethics, 46, 13–30.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., Kim, J. K., & Tang, D. S. H. (2000). Does attitude toward money moderate the relationship between intrinsic job satisfaction and voluntary turnover? Human Relations, 53, 213–245.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., & Liu, H. (2012). Love of money and unethical behavior intention: Does an authentic supervisor’s personal integrity and character (ASPIRE) make a difference? Journal of Business Ethics, 107(3), 295–312.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., Luna-Arocas, R., Quintanilla Pardo, I., & Tang, T. L. N. (2014). Materialism and the bright and dark sides of the financial dream in Spain: The positive role of money attitudes—The Matthew Effect. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 63(3), 480–508.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., Luna-Arocas, R., & Sutarso, T. (2005). From income to pay satisfaction: The love of money and pay equity comparison as mediators and culture (the United States and Spain) and gender as moderators. Management Research: The Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management, 3, 7–26.

Tang, T. L. P., & Sutarso, T. (2013). Falling or not falling into temptation? Multiple faces of temptation, monetary intelligence, and unethical intentions across gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(3), 529–552.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., Sutarso, T., Akande, A., Allen, M. W., Alzubaidi, A. S., Ansari, M. A. et al. (2006a). The love of money and pay level satisfaction: Measurement and functional equivalence in 29 geographical entities around the world. Management and Organization Review, 2, 423–452.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., Sutarso, T., Ansari, M. A., Lim, V. K. G., Teo, T. S. H., Arias-Galicai, F. et al. (2011). The love of money is the root of all evil: Pay satisfaction and CPI as moderators. Paper presented at the Academy of Management Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, 12–16 August 2011. In L. A. Toombs (Ed.), Best paper proceedings of the 2011 Academy of Management.

Tang, T. L. P., Sutarso, T., Ansari, M. A., Lim, V. K. G., Teo, T. S. H., Arias-Galicai, F. et al. (2013). Are money smart people satisfied with pay and life? A theory of monetary intelligence. Paper presented at Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Lake Buena Vista (Orlando), Florida.

Tang, T. L. P., Sutarso, T., Ansari, M. A., Lim, V. K. G., Teo, T. S. H., Arias-Galicai, F. et al. (2015). Monetary intelligence and behavioral economics across 32 cultures: Good apples enjoy good quality of life in good barrels. Journal of Business Ethics. doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2980-y.

Tang, T. L. P., Sutarso, T., Davis, G. M. T., Dolinski, D., Ibrahim, A. H. S., & Wagner, S. L. (2008b). To help or not to help? The Good Samaritan Effect and the love of money on helping behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(4), 865–887.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., & Tang, T. L. N. (2010). Finding the lost sheep: A panel study of business students’ intrinsic religiosity, Machiavellianism, and unethical behavior intention in a public institution. Ethics and Behavior, 20(5), 1–28.CrossRef

Tang, T. L. P., Tang, T. L. N., & Homaifar, B. Y. (2006b). Income, the love of money, pay comparison, and pay satisfaction: Race and gender as moderators. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 476–491.CrossRef

Tepper, B. J., Carr, J. C., Breaux, D. M., Geider, S., Hu, C. Y., & Hua, W. (2009). Abusive supervision, intentions to quit, and employees’ workplace deviance: A power/dependence analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 109, 156–167.CrossRef

Tepper, B. J., Moss, S. E., Lockhart, D. E., & Carr, J. C. (2007). Abusive supervision, upward maintenance communication, and subordinates’ psychological distress. Academy of Management Journal, 13, 197–202.

Treisman, D. (2007). What have we learned about the causes of corruption from ten years of cross-national empirical research? Annual Review of Political Science, 10, 211–244.CrossRef

Treviño, L. K. (1986). Ethical decision-making in organizations: A person-situation interactionist model. Academy of Management Review, 11, 601–617.

Treviño, L. K., & Brown, M. E. (2004). Managing to be ethical: Debunking five business ethics myths. Academy of Management Executive, 18(2), 69–81.CrossRef

Treviño, L. K., Hartman, L. P., & Brown, M. (2000). Moral person and moral manager: How executives develop a reputation for ethical leadership. California Management Review, 42(4), 128–142.CrossRef

Vandenberg, R. J., & Lance, C. E. (2000). A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: Suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 4–69.CrossRef

Vardi, Y., & Weitz, E. (2004). Misbehavior in organizations. Mahwah, NY: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Victor, B., & Cullen, J. B. (1988). The organizational bases of ethical work climates. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 101–125.CrossRef

Vitell, S. J., & Hidalgo, E. R. (2006). The impact of corporate ethical values and enforcement of ethical codes on the perceived importance of ethics in business: A comparison of US and Spanish managers. Journal of Business Ethics, 64(1), 31–43.CrossRef

Vitell, S. J., Paolillo, J. G. P., & Singh, J. J. (2006). The role of money and religiosity in determining consumers’ ethical beliefs. Journal of Business Ethics, 64, 117–124.CrossRef

Vohs, K. D., Mead, N. L., & Goode, M. (2006). The psychological consequences of money. Science, 314, 1154–1156.CrossRef

Vynoslavaska, O., McKinney, J. A., Moore, C. W., & Longenecker, J. G. (2005). Transition ethics: A comparison of Ukrainian and United States business professionals. Journal of Business Ethics, 61, 283–299.CrossRef

Welsh, D. T., & Ordóñez, L. D. (2014). Conscience without cognition: The effects of subconscious priming on ethical behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 57, 723–742.CrossRef

Wernimont, P. F., & Fitzpatrick, S. (1972). The meaning of money. Journal of Applied Psychology, 56, 218–226.CrossRef

Wilson, D. S., Near, D., & Miller, R. R. (1996). Machiavellianism: A synthesis of evolutionary and psychological literatures. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 285–299.CrossRef

Wimbush, J., Shepard, J., & Markham, S. (1997). An empirical examination of the relationship between ethical climate and ethical behaviour from multiple levels of analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 1705–1716.CrossRef

Wong, H. M. (2008). Religiousness, love of money, and ethical attitudes of Malaysian evangelical Christians in business. Journal of Business Ethics, 81, 169–191.CrossRef

Yamauchi, K. T., & Templer, D. J. (1982). The development of a money attitude scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 46, 522–528.CrossRef

Zhang, L. Q. (2009). An exchange theory of money and self-esteem in decision making. Review of General Psychology, 13, 66–76.CrossRef

Zhou, X. Y., & Gao, D. G. (2008). Social support and money as pain management mechanisms. Psychological Inquiry, 19, 127–144.CrossRef

Zhou, X. Y., Vohs, K. D., & Baumeister, R. F. (2009). The symbolic power of money: Reminders of money alter social distress and physical pain. Psychological Science, 20, 700–706.CrossRef

Titel: Monetary Intelligence and Behavioral Economics: The Enron Effect—Love of Money, Corporate Ethical Values, Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), and Dishonesty Across 31 Geopolitical Entities
verfasst von: Thomas Li-Ping Tang
Toto Sutarso
Mahfooz A. Ansari
Vivien K. G. Lim
Thompson S. H. Teo
Fernando Arias-Galicia
Ilya E. Garber
Randy Ki-Kwan Chiu
Brigitte Charles-Pauvers
Roberto Luna-Arocas
Peter Vlerick
Adebowale Akande
Michael W. Allen
Abdulgawi Salim Al-Zubaidi
Mark G. Borg
Bor-Shiuan Cheng
Rosario Correia
Linzhi Du
Consuelo Garcia de la Torre
Abdul Hamid Safwat Ibrahim
Chin-Kang Jen
Ali Mahdi Kazem
Kilsun Kim
Jian Liang
Eva Malovics
Alice S. Moreira
Richard T. Mpoyi
Anthony Ugochukwu Obiajulu Nnedum
Johnsto E. Osagie
AAhad M. Osman-Gani
Mehmet Ferhat Özbek
Francisco José Costa Pereira
Ruja Pholsward
Horia D. Pitariu
Marko Polic
Elisaveta Gjorgji Sardžoska
Petar Skobic
Allen F. Stembridge
Theresa Li-Na Tang
Caroline Urbain
Martina Trontelj
Luigina Canova
Anna Maria Manganelli
Jingqiu Chen
Ningyu Tang
Bolanle E. Adetoun
Modupe F. Adewuyi
Publikationsdatum: 27.01.2016
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in: Journal of Business Ethics / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0167-4544
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0697
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2942-4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2018

What Drives Substantive Versus Symbolic Implementation of ISO 14001 in a Time of Economic Crisis? Insights from Greek Manufacturing Companies

Trade Unions and the Whistleblowing Process in the UK: An Opportunity for Strategic Expansion?

A Personalistic Appraisal of Maslow’s Needs Theory of Motivation: From “Humanistic” Psychology to Integral Humanism

How does the Perceived Ethicality of Corporate Services Brands Influence Loyalty and Positive Word-of-Mouth? Analyzing the Roles of Empathy, Affective Commitment, and Perceived Quality

The Effect of Workplace Negative Gossip on Employee Proactive Behavior in China: The Moderating Role of Traditionality

Organisational Virtue, Moral Attentiveness, and the Perceived Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility in Business: The Case of UK HR Practitioners

Premium Partner