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Erschienen in: Cellulose 5/2015

01.10.2015 | Review Paper

Paper conservation methods: a literature review

verfasst von: Spiros Zervos, Irene Alexopoulou

Erschienen in: Cellulose | Ausgabe 5/2015

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Abstract

The main paper conservation methods are presented, classified in the following categories: preparation of the intervention, disinfestation and disinfection/sterilization, surface/dry cleaning, wet cleaning, chemical stabilization, paper repairs, consolidation and strengthening. Treatment documentation is also discussed. The targets, the historical aspects, the general principles, the materials and equipment, the acceptance and criticism pertaining to each method are briefly reviewed, and the most important research for their evaluation is presented. Several paper stabilization strategies, such as deacidification and iron gall ink stabilization, applicable to paper are elucidated. Specific consolidation and strengthening methods for paper, such as lamination and paper splitting are also discussed. The review mainly focuses on the established methods, but experimental, abandoned or insufficiently documented methods are also included. Shortcomings and limitations of several methods were found in the literature, concerning health issues, limited effectiveness, adverse side-effects on the treated artefacts and restricted applicability.

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Fußnoten
1
There seems to exist some confusion in the literature concerning the name of this compound. According to Smith (1988) both terms "Methoxy Magnesium Methyl Carbonate"—MMMC and "Methyl Magnesium Carbonate"—MMC refer to the same compound, but the first better describes its composition. Nevertheless, Wei T’o has branded several products with the following chemicals (Reissland 1999): Wei T’o No 2: Methoxy-magnesium-methyl-carbonate, Wei T’o No 3/4: Ethoxy-magnesium-ethyl-carbonate, Wei T’o No 10: Magnesium-methyl-carbonate, Wei T’o No 11/12: Magnesium-ethyl-carbonate.
 
2
International Survey on Paper Conservation Methods, http://​kerkira.​lb.​teiath.​gr/​onlinesurvey/​index.​php/​71224?​lang=​en (Zervos and Alexopoulou 2013).
 
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Zurück zum Zitat Burgess HD (1986) Gel permeation chromatography. Use in estimating the effect of water washing on the long-term stability of cellulosic fibers. In: Needles HL, Zeronian SH (eds) Historic textile and paper materials. Conservation and characterization. Advances in chemistry series, vol 212. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 363–376CrossRef Burgess HD (1986) Gel permeation chromatography. Use in estimating the effect of water washing on the long-term stability of cellulosic fibers. In: Needles HL, Zeronian SH (eds) Historic textile and paper materials. Conservation and characterization. Advances in chemistry series, vol 212. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 363–376CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Burgess HD (1988) Practical considerations for conservation bleaching. J Int Inst Conserv Can Gr 13:11–26 Burgess HD (1988) Practical considerations for conservation bleaching. J Int Inst Conserv Can Gr 13:11–26
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Zurück zum Zitat Burstall ML, Butler CE, Mollett CC (1986) Improving the qualities of paper by graft copolymerisation. Pap Conserv 10:95–100 Burstall ML, Butler CE, Mollett CC (1986) Improving the qualities of paper by graft copolymerisation. Pap Conserv 10:95–100
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Zurück zum Zitat Carretti E, Chelazzi D, Rocchigiani G, Baglioni P, Poggi G, Dei L (2013) Interactions between nanostructured calcium hydroxide and acrylate copolymers: implications in cultural heritage conservation. Langmuir 29:9881–9890CrossRef Carretti E, Chelazzi D, Rocchigiani G, Baglioni P, Poggi G, Dei L (2013) Interactions between nanostructured calcium hydroxide and acrylate copolymers: implications in cultural heritage conservation. Langmuir 29:9881–9890CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Choisy P, De La Chapelle A, Thomas D, Legoy MD (1997) Non invasive techniques for the investigation of foxing stains on graphic art material. Restaurator 18:131–152 Choisy P, De La Chapelle A, Thomas D, Legoy MD (1997) Non invasive techniques for the investigation of foxing stains on graphic art material. Restaurator 18:131–152
Zurück zum Zitat Clare J, Marsh F (1979) Α dry repair method for Islamic illuminated manuscript leaves. Pap Conserv 4:3–9CrossRef Clare J, Marsh F (1979) Α dry repair method for Islamic illuminated manuscript leaves. Pap Conserv 4:3–9CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Cumming L, Colbourne J (1998) The conservation of Mrs Marton, an eighteenth-century pastel and gouache portrait by Daniel Gardner. Pap Conserv 22:38–47CrossRef Cumming L, Colbourne J (1998) The conservation of Mrs Marton, an eighteenth-century pastel and gouache portrait by Daniel Gardner. Pap Conserv 22:38–47CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Cunha GM (1987) Mass deacidification for libraries. Libr Technol Rep 23:358–472 Cunha GM (1987) Mass deacidification for libraries. Libr Technol Rep 23:358–472
Zurück zum Zitat d’Agata R, Grasso G, Parlato S, Simone S, Spoto G (2007) The use of atmospheric pressure laser desorption mass spectrometry for the study of iron-gall ink. Appl Phys A 89:91–95CrossRef d’Agata R, Grasso G, Parlato S, Simone S, Spoto G (2007) The use of atmospheric pressure laser desorption mass spectrometry for the study of iron-gall ink. Appl Phys A 89:91–95CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Daniels V (1976) The elimination of bleaching agents from paper. Pap Conserv 1:9–11CrossRef Daniels V (1976) The elimination of bleaching agents from paper. Pap Conserv 1:9–11CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Daniels V, Boyd B (1986) The yellowing of thymol in the display of prints. Stud Conserv 31:156–158CrossRef Daniels V, Boyd B (1986) The yellowing of thymol in the display of prints. Stud Conserv 31:156–158CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Daniels V, Kosek J (2004b) Studies on the washing of paper: part 2: a comparison of different washing techniques used on an artificially discoloured, sized paper. Restaurator 25:260–266. doi:10.1515/rest.2004.260 Daniels V, Kosek J (2004b) Studies on the washing of paper: part 2: a comparison of different washing techniques used on an artificially discoloured, sized paper. Restaurator 25:260–266. doi:10.​1515/​rest.​2004.​260
Zurück zum Zitat Davis NP, Garnett JL, Long MA, Major G, Nicol KJ (1981) Methods for enhancing ultraviolet and radiation grafting of monomers to cellulose and derivatives to improve properties of value to conservation. In: Williams JC (ed) Preservation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value II. Advances in chemistry series, vol 193. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 223–240 Davis NP, Garnett JL, Long MA, Major G, Nicol KJ (1981) Methods for enhancing ultraviolet and radiation grafting of monomers to cellulose and derivatives to improve properties of value to conservation. In: Williams JC (ed) Preservation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value II. Advances in chemistry series, vol 193. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 223–240
Zurück zum Zitat De Bruin G (1997) The historical importance of iron-gall ink corrosion for written books and documents. In: Paper presented at the proceedings of European workshop on iron-gall Ink corrosion, June 16 and 17, 1997 De Bruin G (1997) The historical importance of iron-gall ink corrosion for written books and documents. In: Paper presented at the proceedings of European workshop on iron-gall Ink corrosion, June 16 and 17, 1997
Zurück zum Zitat De Feber MAPC, Havermans JBGA, Defize P (2000) Iron-gall ink corrosion: a compound-effect study. Restaurator 21:204–212 De Feber MAPC, Havermans JBGA, Defize P (2000) Iron-gall ink corrosion: a compound-effect study. Restaurator 21:204–212
Zurück zum Zitat De Silveira G, Forsberg P, Conners TE (1995) Scanning electron microscopy: a tool for the analysis of wood pulp fibers and paper. In: Conners TE, Banerjee S (eds) Surface analysis of paper. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 47–71 De Silveira G, Forsberg P, Conners TE (1995) Scanning electron microscopy: a tool for the analysis of wood pulp fibers and paper. In: Conners TE, Banerjee S (eds) Surface analysis of paper. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 47–71
Zurück zum Zitat Dersarkissian M, Goodberry M (1980) Experiments with non-toxic anti-fungal agents. Stud Conserv 25:28–36CrossRef Dersarkissian M, Goodberry M (1980) Experiments with non-toxic anti-fungal agents. Stud Conserv 25:28–36CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Donnithorne A (1979) Chlorine dioxide: observations on its use in paper bleaching. Pap Conserv 4:20–29CrossRef Donnithorne A (1979) Chlorine dioxide: observations on its use in paper bleaching. Pap Conserv 4:20–29CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Dupont A-L, Barthez J, Jerosch H, Lavedrine B (2002) Testing CSC book saver’, a commercial deacidification spray. Restaurator 23:39–47 Dupont A-L, Barthez J, Jerosch H, Lavedrine B (2002) Testing CSC book saver’, a commercial deacidification spray. Restaurator 23:39–47
Zurück zum Zitat Durovic M, Dernovskova J, Siroky M (1991) Dispersive glues used for preservation. Restaurator 12:36–74 Durovic M, Dernovskova J, Siroky M (1991) Dispersive glues used for preservation. Restaurator 12:36–74
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Zurück zum Zitat Ellis MH (ed) (2014) Historical perspectives in the conservation of works of art on paper. Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles Ellis MH (ed) (2014) Historical perspectives in the conservation of works of art on paper. Getty Conservation Institute, Los Angeles
Zurück zum Zitat Evetts D, Lockwood A, Indictor N (1989) Evaluation of some impregnating agents for use in paper conservation. Restaurator 10:1–15 Evetts D, Lockwood A, Indictor N (1989) Evaluation of some impregnating agents for use in paper conservation. Restaurator 10:1–15
Zurück zum Zitat Feller RL, Wilt MH (1990) Evaluation of cellulose ethers for conservation. In: Research in conservation, vol 3. The Getty Conservation Institute, Marina del Rey, CA Feller RL, Wilt MH (1990) Evaluation of cellulose ethers for conservation. In: Research in conservation, vol 3. The Getty Conservation Institute, Marina del Rey, CA
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Zurück zum Zitat Fischer DJ (1977) Conservation research: Fumigation and sterilization of flood-contaminated library, office, photographic, and archival materials. In: Williams JC (ed) Preservation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value. Advances in chemistry series, vol 164. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 139–148 Fischer DJ (1977) Conservation research: Fumigation and sterilization of flood-contaminated library, office, photographic, and archival materials. In: Williams JC (ed) Preservation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value. Advances in chemistry series, vol 164. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 139–148
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Zurück zum Zitat Futernick R (1983) Leaf casting on the suction table. J Am Inst Conserv 22:82–91CrossRef Futernick R (1983) Leaf casting on the suction table. J Am Inst Conserv 22:82–91CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Galinsky E, Haberditzl A (2004) Paper splitting: systematisation, quality control and risk minimisation. Restaurator 25:171–198 Galinsky E, Haberditzl A (2004) Paper splitting: systematisation, quality control and risk minimisation. Restaurator 25:171–198
Zurück zum Zitat Gast M (1993) Paper-splitting: a problematic but indispensable method in paper restoration. Restaurator 14:234–252 Gast M (1993) Paper-splitting: a problematic but indispensable method in paper restoration. Restaurator 14:234–252
Zurück zum Zitat Gent M, Rees J (1994) Α conservation treatment tο remove residual iron from platinum prints. Pap Conserv 18:90–95CrossRef Gent M, Rees J (1994) Α conservation treatment tο remove residual iron from platinum prints. Pap Conserv 18:90–95CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Golova OP, Nosova NI (1973) Degradation of cellulose by alkaline oxidation. Russ Che Rev 42:327–337CrossRef Golova OP, Nosova NI (1973) Degradation of cellulose by alkaline oxidation. Russ Che Rev 42:327–337CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Grantham S, Webber P (2002) Mellow yellow: toning papers with traditional Far Eastern colourants. Pap Conserv 26:49–58CrossRef Grantham S, Webber P (2002) Mellow yellow: toning papers with traditional Far Eastern colourants. Pap Conserv 26:49–58CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Gustafson RA, Modaresi IR, Hampton GV, Chepesiuk RJ, Kelley GA (1990) Fungicidal efficacy of selected chemicals in thymol cabinets. J Am Inst Conserv 29:153–168CrossRef Gustafson RA, Modaresi IR, Hampton GV, Chepesiuk RJ, Kelley GA (1990) Fungicidal efficacy of selected chemicals in thymol cabinets. J Am Inst Conserv 29:153–168CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Hahn O, Wilke M, Wolff T (2008) Influence of aqueous calcium phytate/calcium hydrogen carbonate treatment on the chemical composition of iron gall inks. Restaurator 29:235–250 Hahn O, Wilke M, Wolff T (2008) Influence of aqueous calcium phytate/calcium hydrogen carbonate treatment on the chemical composition of iron gall inks. Restaurator 29:235–250
Zurück zum Zitat Hähner U (2006) Condition report of the ink corrosion damage in the handwritten estate of the jurist Friedrich Carl von Savigny. Restaurator 27:131–142 Hähner U (2006) Condition report of the ink corrosion damage in the handwritten estate of the jurist Friedrich Carl von Savigny. Restaurator 27:131–142
Zurück zum Zitat Hajek M, Durovic M, Paulusova H, Weberova L (2011) Simultaneous microwave drying and disinfection of flooded books. Restaurator 32:1–12 Hajek M, Durovic M, Paulusova H, Weberova L (2011) Simultaneous microwave drying and disinfection of flooded books. Restaurator 32:1–12
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Zurück zum Zitat Havermans JBGA, Dufour J (1997) Photo oxidation of paper documents—a literature review. Restaurator 18:103–114 Havermans JBGA, Dufour J (1997) Photo oxidation of paper documents—a literature review. Restaurator 18:103–114
Zurück zum Zitat Havermans JBGA, Van Deventer R, Steemers T (1995) Mass deacidification of archival materials using diethyl zinc. Restaurator 16:123–142 Havermans JBGA, Van Deventer R, Steemers T (1995) Mass deacidification of archival materials using diethyl zinc. Restaurator 16:123–142
Zurück zum Zitat Havermans J, Aziz HA, Scholten H (2003a) Non destructive detection of iron gall inks by means of multispectral imaging part 1: development of the detection system. Restaurator 24:55–60 Havermans J, Aziz HA, Scholten H (2003a) Non destructive detection of iron gall inks by means of multispectral imaging part 1: development of the detection system. Restaurator 24:55–60
Zurück zum Zitat Havermans JBGA, Aziz HA, Scholten H (2003b) Non destructive detection of iron-gall inks by means of multispectral imaging. Part 2: application on original objects affected with iron-gall-ink corrosion. Restaurator 24:88–94 Havermans JBGA, Aziz HA, Scholten H (2003b) Non destructive detection of iron-gall inks by means of multispectral imaging. Part 2: application on original objects affected with iron-gall-ink corrosion. Restaurator 24:88–94
Zurück zum Zitat Havlínová B, Mináriková J, Švorcová L, Hanus J, Brezová V (2005) Influence of fixatives and deacidification on the stability of arylmethane dyes on paper during the course of accelerated aging. Restaurator 26:1–13 Havlínová B, Mináriková J, Švorcová L, Hanus J, Brezová V (2005) Influence of fixatives and deacidification on the stability of arylmethane dyes on paper during the course of accelerated aging. Restaurator 26:1–13
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Zurück zum Zitat Henniges U, Reibke R, Banik G, Huhsmann E, Hähner U, Prohaska T, Potthast A (2008) Iron gall ink-induced corrosion of cellulose: aging, degradation and stabilization. Part 2: application on historic sample material. Cellulose 15:861–870. doi:10.1007/s10570-008-9238-0 CrossRef Henniges U, Reibke R, Banik G, Huhsmann E, Hähner U, Prohaska T, Potthast A (2008) Iron gall ink-induced corrosion of cellulose: aging, degradation and stabilization. Part 2: application on historic sample material. Cellulose 15:861–870. doi:10.​1007/​s10570-008-9238-0 CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Huhsmann E, Hähner U (2007) Technical note: application of the non-woven viscose fabric paraprint OL 60 for float screen washing of documents damaged by iron gall ink corrosion. Restaurator 28:140–151 Huhsmann E, Hähner U (2007) Technical note: application of the non-woven viscose fabric paraprint OL 60 for float screen washing of documents damaged by iron gall ink corrosion. Restaurator 28:140–151
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Zurück zum Zitat Isbell LH (1997) The effects of thymol on paper, pigments, and media. Abbey Newsl 21 Isbell LH (1997) The effects of thymol on paper, pigments, and media. Abbey Newsl 21
Zurück zum Zitat Jablonský M, Holúbková S, Kazíková J, Botková M, Ház A, Bajzíková M (2013) The treatment of acid newsprint paper: evaluation of treatment by MgO or by a mixture of MgO and methyl methoxy magnesium carbonate. Wood Res 58:151–164 Jablonský M, Holúbková S, Kazíková J, Botková M, Ház A, Bajzíková M (2013) The treatment of acid newsprint paper: evaluation of treatment by MgO or by a mixture of MgO and methyl methoxy magnesium carbonate. Wood Res 58:151–164
Zurück zum Zitat Jancovicova V, Havlínová B, Mináriková J, Hanus J (2012) Impact of stabilizing procedures on acidic paper. Restaurator 33:179–198 Jancovicova V, Havlínová B, Mináriková J, Hanus J (2012) Impact of stabilizing procedures on acidic paper. Restaurator 33:179–198
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Zurück zum Zitat Kaminska A, Sawczak M, Cieplnski M, Sliwinski G (2006) The post-processing effects due to pulsed laser ablation of paper. Lasers in the conservation of artworks: LACONA V Proceedings, Osnabrück, Germany, Sept 15–18, 2003 100:35 Kaminska A, Sawczak M, Cieplnski M, Sliwinski G (2006) The post-processing effects due to pulsed laser ablation of paper. Lasers in the conservation of artworks: LACONA V Proceedings, Osnabrück, Germany, Sept 15–18, 2003 100:35
Zurück zum Zitat Kaplan HΑ, Schulte LK (1996) Oxygen deprivation for the extermination of insects infesting architectural drawings. Pap Conserv 20:22–26CrossRef Kaplan HΑ, Schulte LK (1996) Oxygen deprivation for the extermination of insects infesting architectural drawings. Pap Conserv 20:22–26CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Kelly GB, Fowler S (1978) Penetration and placement of alkaline compounds in solution-deacidified paper. J Am Inst Conserv 17:33–43CrossRef Kelly GB, Fowler S (1978) Penetration and placement of alkaline compounds in solution-deacidified paper. J Am Inst Conserv 17:33–43CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kelly GBJ, Williams JC (1981) Inhibition of light sensitivity of papers treated with diethyl zinc. In: Williams JC (ed) Preservation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value II. Advances in chemistry series, vol 193. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 109–118CrossRef Kelly GBJ, Williams JC (1981) Inhibition of light sensitivity of papers treated with diethyl zinc. In: Williams JC (ed) Preservation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value II. Advances in chemistry series, vol 193. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 109–118CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kelly GBJ Jr, Tang LC, Krasnow MK (1977) Methylmagnesium carbonate—an improved nonaqueous deacidification agent. In: Williams JC (ed) Preservation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value. Advances in chemistry series, vol 164. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 62–71CrossRef Kelly GBJ Jr, Tang LC, Krasnow MK (1977) Methylmagnesium carbonate—an improved nonaqueous deacidification agent. In: Williams JC (ed) Preservation of paper and textiles of historic and artistic value. Advances in chemistry series, vol 164. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 62–71CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Kobiakova VI, Dobrusina SA (2003) The behaviour of paper treated in a carbon dioxide modified atmosphere. Restaurator 24:81–87 Kobiakova VI, Dobrusina SA (2003) The behaviour of paper treated in a carbon dioxide modified atmosphere. Restaurator 24:81–87
Zurück zum Zitat Koestler RJ, Indictor N, Fiske B (1992) Characterization of Japanese papers using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Restaurator 13:58–77 Koestler RJ, Indictor N, Fiske B (1992) Characterization of Japanese papers using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Restaurator 13:58–77
Zurück zum Zitat Kolar J (1997) Mechanism of autoxidative degradation of cellulose. Restaurator 18:163–176 Kolar J (1997) Mechanism of autoxidative degradation of cellulose. Restaurator 18:163–176
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Zurück zum Zitat Kolar J, Strlic M (2004) Evaluating the effects of treatments on iron gall ink corroded documents. A new analytical methodology. Restaurator 25:94–103 Kolar J, Strlic M (2004) Evaluating the effects of treatments on iron gall ink corroded documents. A new analytical methodology. Restaurator 25:94–103
Zurück zum Zitat Kolar J, Strlic M, Marincek M (2000a) The effect of Nd:YAG laser radiation at 1064 nm on paper. Restaurator 21:9–18 Kolar J, Strlic M, Marincek M (2000a) The effect of Nd:YAG laser radiation at 1064 nm on paper. Restaurator 21:9–18
Zurück zum Zitat Kolar J, Strlic M, Muller-Hess D, Gruber A, Troschke K, Pentzien S, Kautek W (2000b) Near-UV and visible pulsed laser interaction with paper. J Cult Herit 1:S221–S224CrossRef Kolar J, Strlic M, Muller-Hess D, Gruber A, Troschke K, Pentzien S, Kautek W (2000b) Near-UV and visible pulsed laser interaction with paper. J Cult Herit 1:S221–S224CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Kolbe G (2004) Gelatine in historical paper production and as inhibiting agent for iron-gall ink corrosion on paper. Restaurator 25:26–39 Kolbe G (2004) Gelatine in historical paper production and as inhibiting agent for iron-gall ink corrosion on paper. Restaurator 25:26–39
Zurück zum Zitat Kowalik R (1980a) Microbiodeterioration of library materials part 1, chapters 1—3. Restaurator 4:99–114 Kowalik R (1980a) Microbiodeterioration of library materials part 1, chapters 1—3. Restaurator 4:99–114
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Zurück zum Zitat Laguardia L, Vassallo E, Cappitelli F, Mesto E, Cremona A, Sorlini C, Bonizzoni G (2005) Investigation of the effects of plasma treatments on biodeteriorated ancient paper. Appl Surf Sci 252:1159–1166CrossRef Laguardia L, Vassallo E, Cappitelli F, Mesto E, Cremona A, Sorlini C, Bonizzoni G (2005) Investigation of the effects of plasma treatments on biodeteriorated ancient paper. Appl Surf Sci 252:1159–1166CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Leclerc F, Flieder F, Bulle F, Pourtale L (1987) Leaf-casting losses in deteriorated paper. Pap Conserv 11:22–31CrossRef Leclerc F, Flieder F, Bulle F, Pourtale L (1987) Leaf-casting losses in deteriorated paper. Pap Conserv 11:22–31CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Lee AS, Otieno-Alego V, Creagh DC (2008) Identification of iron-gall inks with near-infrared Raman microspectroscopy. J Raman Spectrosc 39:1079–1084CrossRef Lee AS, Otieno-Alego V, Creagh DC (2008) Identification of iron-gall inks with near-infrared Raman microspectroscopy. J Raman Spectrosc 39:1079–1084CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee SY, Baty J, Minter W (2010) Study of the aging behavior of rosin-alum sized papers by analysis of mechanical strength, optical properties, and chemical composition following accelerated aging. B Pap Gr Annual 29:127–128 Lee SY, Baty J, Minter W (2010) Study of the aging behavior of rosin-alum sized papers by analysis of mechanical strength, optical properties, and chemical composition following accelerated aging. B Pap Gr Annual 29:127–128
Zurück zum Zitat Lehtaru J, Ilomets T (1997) Use of chelating agent EDTA with sodium thiosulphate and sodium borohydride in bleaching treatment. Restaurator 18:191–200 Lehtaru J, Ilomets T (1997) Use of chelating agent EDTA with sodium thiosulphate and sodium borohydride in bleaching treatment. Restaurator 18:191–200
Zurück zum Zitat Lennig H (2010) Solvent gels for removing aged pressure-sensitive tape from paper. Restaurator 31:92–105 Lennig H (2010) Solvent gels for removing aged pressure-sensitive tape from paper. Restaurator 31:92–105
Zurück zum Zitat Letnar MČ, Grkman S, Vodopivec J (2006) The effect of surface coating on the stability of leafcast paper. Restaurator 27:46–65 Letnar MČ, Grkman S, Vodopivec J (2006) The effect of surface coating on the stability of leafcast paper. Restaurator 27:46–65
Zurück zum Zitat Lewin M, Epstein J (1962) Functional groups and degradation of cotton oxidized by hypochlorite. J Polym Sci 58:1023–1037CrossRef Lewin M, Epstein J (1962) Functional groups and degradation of cotton oxidized by hypochlorite. J Polym Sci 58:1023–1037CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lichtblau D, Anders M (2006) Designing non-aqueous treatments to counteract ink corrosion. Iron gall inks: on manufacture, characterization, degradation and stabilisation. National and University Library, Ljubljana, pp 195–214 Lichtblau D, Anders M (2006) Designing non-aqueous treatments to counteract ink corrosion. Iron gall inks: on manufacture, characterization, degradation and stabilisation. National and University Library, Ljubljana, pp 195–214
Zurück zum Zitat Lienardy A (1991) A bibliographical survey of mass deacidification methods. Restaurator 12:75–103 Lienardy A (1991) A bibliographical survey of mass deacidification methods. Restaurator 12:75–103
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Zurück zum Zitat Lienardy A, Van Damme P (1988) Bibliographical survey of the bleaching of paper. Restaurator 9:178–198 Lienardy A, Van Damme P (1988) Bibliographical survey of the bleaching of paper. Restaurator 9:178–198
Zurück zum Zitat Lienardy A, Van Damme P (1990a) Paper washing. Pap Conserv 14:23–30CrossRef Lienardy A, Van Damme P (1990a) Paper washing. Pap Conserv 14:23–30CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Liers J, Schwerdt P (1995) The Battelle mass deacidification process. Equipment and technology. Restaurator 16:1–9 Liers J, Schwerdt P (1995) The Battelle mass deacidification process. Equipment and technology. Restaurator 16:1–9
Zurück zum Zitat Liers J, Wachter W, Muller G (1996) Results of the paper splitting process. Restaurator 17:184–192 Liers J, Wachter W, Muller G (1996) Results of the paper splitting process. Restaurator 17:184–192
Zurück zum Zitat Low A (1994) The conservation of Charles Dickens’s manuscripts. Pap Conserv 18:5–10CrossRef Low A (1994) The conservation of Charles Dickens’s manuscripts. Pap Conserv 18:5–10CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Magaudda G, Adamo M, Pasquali A, Rossi G (2000) The effect of ionizing gamma ray radiation on the biology of the periplaneta americana. Restaurator 21:41–51 Magaudda G, Adamo M, Pasquali A, Rossi G (2000) The effect of ionizing gamma ray radiation on the biology of the periplaneta americana. Restaurator 21:41–51
Zurück zum Zitat Magaudda G, Adamo M, Rocchetti F (2001) Damage caused by destructive insects to cellulose previously subjected to gamma-ray irradiation and artificial ageing. Restaurator 22:242–250 Magaudda G, Adamo M, Rocchetti F (2001) Damage caused by destructive insects to cellulose previously subjected to gamma-ray irradiation and artificial ageing. Restaurator 22:242–250
Zurück zum Zitat Maggen M (1993) Constructing a mini-vacuum unit and using it for philatelic materials. Restaurator 14:45–56 Maggen M (1993) Constructing a mini-vacuum unit and using it for philatelic materials. Restaurator 14:45–56
Zurück zum Zitat Malešič J, Kolar J, Strlic M, Polanc S (2005) The use of halides for stabilisation of iron gall ink containing paper—the pronounced effect of cation. e-Preserv Sci 2:13–18 Malešič J, Kolar J, Strlic M, Polanc S (2005) The use of halides for stabilisation of iron gall ink containing paper—the pronounced effect of cation. e-Preserv Sci 2:13–18
Zurück zum Zitat Malešič J, Kojc M, Šelih VS (2008) Assessment of the effect of various bleaching agents on papers with foxing stains. Restaurator 29:142–154. doi:10.1515/rest.2008.010 Malešič J, Kojc M, Šelih VS (2008) Assessment of the effect of various bleaching agents on papers with foxing stains. Restaurator 29:142–154. doi:10.​1515/​rest.​2008.​010
Zurück zum Zitat Margutti S, Conio G, Vicini S, Pedemonte E (2001) Paper conservation part II: consolidation by grafting of acrylic monomers. Restaurator 22:164–180 Margutti S, Conio G, Vicini S, Pedemonte E (2001) Paper conservation part II: consolidation by grafting of acrylic monomers. Restaurator 22:164–180
Zurück zum Zitat Martin A (2011) Local strengthening of mould damaged manuscripts: a case study on logbooks of early French expeditions in Louisiana (1684–1722). J Pap Conserv 12:21–29 Martin A (2011) Local strengthening of mould damaged manuscripts: a case study on logbooks of early French expeditions in Louisiana (1684–1722). J Pap Conserv 12:21–29
Zurück zum Zitat Masson O, Ritter M (2004) ‘Fraulein Huth’ and the red seaweed: consolidation of a collage by Kurt Schwitters with JunFunori. Pap Conserv 28:91–98CrossRef Masson O, Ritter M (2004) ‘Fraulein Huth’ and the red seaweed: consolidation of a collage by Kurt Schwitters with JunFunori. Pap Conserv 28:91–98CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat McGee AE (1991) Evaluating and comparing mass deacidification benefits: enhanced and extended useful life. Restaurator 12:104–109 McGee AE (1991) Evaluating and comparing mass deacidification benefits: enhanced and extended useful life. Restaurator 12:104–109
Zurück zum Zitat McIntyre J (1987) Leaf-casting in the National Library of Scotland. Pap Conserv 11:32–35CrossRef McIntyre J (1987) Leaf-casting in the National Library of Scotland. Pap Conserv 11:32–35CrossRef
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Zurück zum Zitat Middleton SR, Scallan AM, Zou X, Page DH (1996) A method for the deacidification of papers and books. Tappi J 79:187–195 Middleton SR, Scallan AM, Zou X, Page DH (1996) A method for the deacidification of papers and books. Tappi J 79:187–195
Zurück zum Zitat Mihram D (1986a) Paper deacidification: a bibliographic survey—Part I. Restaurator 7:81–98 Mihram D (1986a) Paper deacidification: a bibliographic survey—Part I. Restaurator 7:81–98
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Zurück zum Zitat Sclawy AC, Williams JC (1981) Alkalinity—the key to paper “permanence”. Tappi J 64:49–50 Sclawy AC, Williams JC (1981) Alkalinity—the key to paper “permanence”. Tappi J 64:49–50
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Metadaten
Titel
Paper conservation methods: a literature review
verfasst von
Spiros Zervos
Irene Alexopoulou
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2015
Verlag
Springer Netherlands
Erschienen in
Cellulose / Ausgabe 5/2015
Print ISSN: 0969-0239
Elektronische ISSN: 1572-882X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-015-0699-7

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