Introduction
Conceptualizations of vocational identity
Individual characteristics related to vocational identity
Method
Research context
Procedure and participants
Measures
Cluster | Variable | (Example of) item | N | Number of items in scalea | α | Range rit’s |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic | ||||||
Gender | Are you male or female? | 1 | ||||
Age | Date of birth | 1 | ||||
Education father | What kind of school did your father attend? | 1 | ||||
Ethnicity mother | What is the native country of your mother? | 1 | ||||
Living conditions | Who are you living with? | 1 | ||||
SES-following news | I watch the news on TV occasionally | 914 | 4 | .696 | .348–.649 | |
Personality | ||||||
Extraversion | I talk to a lot of different people at parties | 896 | 4 | .616 | .285–.470 | |
Agreeableness | I am kind to almost everyone | 899 | 3 (1) | .677 | .419–.530 | |
Conscientiousness | I persevere until a task is finished | 921 | 4 | .527 | .230–.420 | |
Neuroticism | Sometimes I feel happy, sometimes I feel sad | 937 | 2 (2) | .645 | 476–.476 | |
Imagination | I come up with new ideas | 909 | 4 | .481 | .246–.349 | |
Self-sufficiency | ||||||
Self-sufficiency | How satisfied are you about what you do during daytime? | 926 | 7 (1) | .840 | .429–.735 | |
Addiction | How satisfied are you about the way you deal with drugs? | 913 | 5 | .899 | .593–.859 | |
Contact police | Have you ever been in contact with police or judiciary? | 1 | ||||
Contact at this time | Is there a case pending now? | 1 | ||||
Sentence | Have you ever been sentenced by juvenile guided correction? | 1 | ||||
Have you ever been sentenced by a community penalty? | 1 | |||||
Have you ever been sentenced by detention? | 1 | |||||
No sentence, but judicial measure | 1 | |||||
No sentence, no judicial measure | 1 | |||||
Self-competence | ||||||
Extrinsic motivation | I do my best because others want me to | 929 | 3 (1) | .681 | .316–.601 | |
Intrinsic motivation | I do my best because I feel that’s important | 945 | 3 (1) | .774 | .546–.650 | |
Personal resilience | I am sure I can well care for myself | 832 | 10 | .897 | .502–.758 | |
Social resilience | I ask for help if I need to | 882 | 8 (1) | .865 | .505–.714 | |
School engagement | ||||||
Sense of belonging | I prefer being somewhere other than at school (R) | 894 | 5 (1) | .812 | .498–.744 | |
Valuing | I’m sure that I will finish a training | 891 | 5 | .876 | .657–.774 | |
Dependent | ||||||
Vocational self-image | I know what I’m good at | 874 | 7 (1) | .818 | .196–.702 | |
Vocational future image | I want to discover what kind of work I can do | 897 | 3 (1) | .642 | .399–.517 | |
Vocational self-efficacy | Later on, at my job, I’ll stick to the rules | 893 | 7 | .922 | .538–.839 |
Vocational identity
Five clusters of individual characteristics
Analyses
Validity
Reliability
Regression analyses
Results
Cluster of variables | Vocational self-image (see App. 4) | Vocational future image (see App. 5) | Vocational self-efficacy (see App. 6) |
---|---|---|---|
Demographics | 3.6 Gender | 3.9 Dutch mother Living caregiver Living child | 6.7 Gender |
Personality | 18.8 Agreeableness Conscientiousness Imagination | 6.2 Imagination | 21.8 Agreeableness Conscientiousness |
Self-sufficiency | 3.1 Self-sufficiency | 1.0 Self-sufficiency | n.s. |
Self-competence | 12.2 Intrinsic motivation Personal resilience Social resilience | 3.3 Extrinsic motivation Social resilience | 10.6 Intrinsic motivation Personal resilience |
School engagement | n.s. | 1.3 Valuing | .8 Valuing |
Total percentage of explained variance | 40.3% | 13.1% | 39.4% |
Vocational self-image
Vocational future image
Vocational self-efficacy
Discussion and conclusion
Main Contributions | Vocational self-image | Vocational future image | Vocational self-efficacy |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Personal resilience | Extrinsic motivation | Personal resilience |
2 | Social resilience | Valuing | Intrinsic motivation |
3 | Intrinsic motivation | Social resilience | Valuing |