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Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft

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18.12.2017 | Aufsätze

No naturalization, no participation?

The influence of citizenship regimes and naturalization on immigrants’ political participation

verfasst von: Sophia Hunger

Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft | Ausgabe 1/2018

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Abstract

This article assesses the effect of naturalization and inclusive citizenship regimes on immigrants’ conventional and unconventional political participation in 26 European countries. I argue that both naturalization and inclusive citizenship regimes increase immigrants’ sense of belonging to the country of residence and hence their political engagement. Using data from the European Social Survey and applying matching techniques in order to tackle endogeneity between naturalization and participation, I show that in countries with inclusive citizenship regimes the positive acquisition effect for naturalized immigrants is less pronounced than in more restrictive citizenship regimes. These results indicate that the effect of naturalization is highly dependent on the context of the citizenship regimes, a finding previously unnoticed due to the methodological challenges involved in the highly endogenous process of applying for and acquiring citizenship.

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For an overview of the included countries, see Table 3.

The descriptive statistics can be found in Table 4.

These are: years spent in the country of residence, gender, age, education, language skills, and trust.

I ran four different matching methods using the MatchIt package in R: Coarsened Exact, subclass, nearest neighbor, and full matching. Results are available upon request. Comparing the covariates’ differences in means between the treated and control group, the trade-off between reduction in means and losing too many observations was best for subclass matching.

I conducted a series of robustness tests. Results are available upon request. Applying the same model specification to the unmatched data set increases the significance of the coefficient of naturalized in unconventional political participation to the 1% level. The effect sizes of naturalized are larger compared to those in the unmatched data sets. This suggests that the matching strategy actually might account for the self-selection bias. The differences in marginal effects are significant for the whole range of inclusiveness. Lastly, I ran logit models with a binary dependent variable indicating whether at least one act of political participation was carried out. The significance of the coefficient for naturalized decreased for conventional participation, while it increased for unconventional actions. The isolated effect of citizenship regimes and the whole MIPEX, respectively, is not significant in either of those models.

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Titel: No naturalization, no participation?
The influence of citizenship regimes and naturalization on immigrants’ political participation
verfasst von: Sophia Hunger
Publikationsdatum: 18.12.2017
Verlag: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft / Ausgabe 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1865-2646
Elektronische ISSN: 1865-2654
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-017-0373-6

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