Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Polymer Bulletin 11/2020

17.12.2019 | Original Paper

Pectin-based hydrogels with adjustable properties for controlled delivery of nifedipine: development and optimization

verfasst von: Nyla Ajaz, Ikrima Khalid, Muhammad Usman Minhas, Kashif Barkat, Ikram Ullah Khan, Haroon Khaild Syed, Sajid Asghar, Rabia Munir, Fahmida Aslam

Erschienen in: Polymer Bulletin | Ausgabe 11/2020

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Pectin-co-poly acrylic acid (Pec-co-poly (AA)) hydrogels are imperative and new type of chemically cross-linked hydrogels. A research was conducted to develop pH-sensitive, controlled release, and biocompatible hydrogels by free radical polymerization and scrutinize the suitability of Pec-co-poly (AA) hydrogels as drug carriers. Different formulations were designed using central composite model. N,N-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was used as a cross-linker and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as an initiator. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that hydrogels are thermally stable. Hydrogels have a porous structure, clearly expressed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results concede the grafting reaction of AA on pectin. Hydrogels were figured out for pH-responsive behaviour by dynamic and equilibrium swelling ratio at low and high pH. The effects of pectin and acrylic acid (AA) content on swelling were also studied and revealed an increasing trend in swelling with increasing concentration of either pectin or AA. Similarly, developed hydrogels were also evaluated for different modalities for drug loading and release employing nifedipine as model drug. Constructed models are found to be suitable prediction tools, with contour plots and response surface plots providing an easy tool for estimation of response nature over entire setting of variables. It is concluded that highly stable Pec-co-poly (AA) hydrogels are developed. These have potential to be used as carrier for controlled delivery of nifedipine.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Varaprasad K, Raghavendra GM, Jayaramudu T, Yallapu MM, Sadiku R (2017) A mini review on hydrogels classification and recent developments in miscellaneous applications. Mater Sci Eng C 1(79):958–971 Varaprasad K, Raghavendra GM, Jayaramudu T, Yallapu MM, Sadiku R (2017) A mini review on hydrogels classification and recent developments in miscellaneous applications. Mater Sci Eng C 1(79):958–971
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Choe D, Kim YM, Nam JE, Nam K, Shin CS, Roh YH (2018) Synthesis of high-strength microcrystalline cellulose hydrogel by viscosity adjustment. Carbohyd Polym 180:231–237 Choe D, Kim YM, Nam JE, Nam K, Shin CS, Roh YH (2018) Synthesis of high-strength microcrystalline cellulose hydrogel by viscosity adjustment. Carbohyd Polym 180:231–237
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Yang W, Fortunati E, Bertoglio F, Owczarek JS, Bruni G, Kozanecki M, Kenny JM, Torre L, Visai L, Puglia D (2018) Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan hydrogels with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial properties induced by lignin nanoparticles. Carbohyd Polym 1(181):275–284 Yang W, Fortunati E, Bertoglio F, Owczarek JS, Bruni G, Kozanecki M, Kenny JM, Torre L, Visai L, Puglia D (2018) Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan hydrogels with enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial properties induced by lignin nanoparticles. Carbohyd Polym 1(181):275–284
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu T, Huang J, Jiang Y, Hu Y, Ye X, Liu D, Chen J (2018) Formation of hydrogels based on chitosan/alginate for the delivery of lysozyme and their antibacterial activity. Food Chem 1(240):361–369 Wu T, Huang J, Jiang Y, Hu Y, Ye X, Liu D, Chen J (2018) Formation of hydrogels based on chitosan/alginate for the delivery of lysozyme and their antibacterial activity. Food Chem 1(240):361–369
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Pal K, Banthia AK, Majumdar DK (2009) Polymeric hydrogels: characterization and biomedical applications. Des Monomers Polym 12(3):197–220 Pal K, Banthia AK, Majumdar DK (2009) Polymeric hydrogels: characterization and biomedical applications. Des Monomers Polym 12(3):197–220
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Rizwan M, Yahya R, Hassan A, Yar M, Azzahari AD, Selvanathan V, Sonsudin F, Abouloula CN (2017) pH sensitive hydrogels in drug delivery: brief history, properties, swelling, and release mechanism, material selection and applications. Polymers 9(4):137PubMedCentral Rizwan M, Yahya R, Hassan A, Yar M, Azzahari AD, Selvanathan V, Sonsudin F, Abouloula CN (2017) pH sensitive hydrogels in drug delivery: brief history, properties, swelling, and release mechanism, material selection and applications. Polymers 9(4):137PubMedCentral
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Aronow WS (2012) Treatment of systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiovas Dis 2(3):160 Aronow WS (2012) Treatment of systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiovas Dis 2(3):160
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Cui S, Yao B, Gao M, Sun X, Gou D, Hu J, Zhou Y, Liu Y (2017) Effects of pectin structure and crosslinking method on the properties of crosslinked pectin nanofibers. Carbohyd Polym 10(157):766–774 Cui S, Yao B, Gao M, Sun X, Gou D, Hu J, Zhou Y, Liu Y (2017) Effects of pectin structure and crosslinking method on the properties of crosslinked pectin nanofibers. Carbohyd Polym 10(157):766–774
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Sriamornsak P (2003) Chemistry of pectin and its pharmaceutical uses: a review. Silpakorn University International Journal 3(1–2):206–228 Sriamornsak P (2003) Chemistry of pectin and its pharmaceutical uses: a review. Silpakorn University International Journal 3(1–2):206–228
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Mishra RK, Datt M, Banthia AK (2008) Synthesis and characterization of pectin/PVP hydrogel membranes for drug delivery system. AAPS PharmSciTech 9(2):395–403PubMedPubMedCentral Mishra RK, Datt M, Banthia AK (2008) Synthesis and characterization of pectin/PVP hydrogel membranes for drug delivery system. AAPS PharmSciTech 9(2):395–403PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Ashford M, Fell J, Attwood D, Sharma H, Woodhead P (1993) An evaluation of pectin as a carrier for drug targeting to the colon. J Control Release 26(3):213–220 Ashford M, Fell J, Attwood D, Sharma H, Woodhead P (1993) An evaluation of pectin as a carrier for drug targeting to the colon. J Control Release 26(3):213–220
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Hanif M, Ranjha NM, Shoaib MH, Mudasser J, Yousuf RI, Khan A, Zia-ul-Haq M (2011) Preparation, characterization and release of verapmil hydrochloride from polycaprolactone/acrylic acid (PCL/AA) hydrogels. Pak J Pharm Sci 24(4):503–511PubMed Hanif M, Ranjha NM, Shoaib MH, Mudasser J, Yousuf RI, Khan A, Zia-ul-Haq M (2011) Preparation, characterization and release of verapmil hydrochloride from polycaprolactone/acrylic acid (PCL/AA) hydrogels. Pak J Pharm Sci 24(4):503–511PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Pooley SA, Rivas BL, Lillo FE, Pizarro GD (2010) Hydrogels from acrylic acid with N, N-dimethylacrylamide: synthesis, characterization, and water absorption properties. J Chil Chem Soc 55(1):19–24 Pooley SA, Rivas BL, Lillo FE, Pizarro GD (2010) Hydrogels from acrylic acid with N, N-dimethylacrylamide: synthesis, characterization, and water absorption properties. J Chil Chem Soc 55(1):19–24
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis GA, Mathieu D, Phan Tan Luu R (1998) Pharmaceutical experimental design. Marcel Dekker, New York Lewis GA, Mathieu D, Phan Tan Luu R (1998) Pharmaceutical experimental design. Marcel Dekker, New York
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Bezerra MA, Santelli RE, Oliveira EP, Villar LS, Escaleira LA (2008) Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta 76(5):965–977PubMed Bezerra MA, Santelli RE, Oliveira EP, Villar LS, Escaleira LA (2008) Response surface methodology (RSM) as a tool for optimization in analytical chemistry. Talanta 76(5):965–977PubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Ranjha NM, Mudassir J, Zubair SZ (2011) Synthesis and characterization of pH-sensitive pectin/acrylic acid hydrogels for verapamil release study. Iran Polym J 20(2):147–159 Ranjha NM, Mudassir J, Zubair SZ (2011) Synthesis and characterization of pH-sensitive pectin/acrylic acid hydrogels for verapamil release study. Iran Polym J 20(2):147–159
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Dai YN, Li P, Zhang JP, Wang AQ, Wei Q (2008) Swelling characteristics and drug delivery properties of nifedipine-loaded pH sensitive alginate–chitosan hydrogel beads. J Biomed Mater Res B 86(2):493–500 Dai YN, Li P, Zhang JP, Wang AQ, Wei Q (2008) Swelling characteristics and drug delivery properties of nifedipine-loaded pH sensitive alginate–chitosan hydrogel beads. J Biomed Mater Res B 86(2):493–500
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh B, Pahuja S, Kapil R, Ahuja N (2009) Formulation development of oral controlled release tablets of hydralazine: optimization of drug release and bioadhesive characteristics. Acta pharmaceut 59(1):1–3 Singh B, Pahuja S, Kapil R, Ahuja N (2009) Formulation development of oral controlled release tablets of hydralazine: optimization of drug release and bioadhesive characteristics. Acta pharmaceut 59(1):1–3
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu XG, Li G, Gao YL (2006) Optimization of the preparation of nalmefene-loaded sustained-release microspheres using central composite design. Chem Pharm Bull 54(7):977–981 Wu XG, Li G, Gao YL (2006) Optimization of the preparation of nalmefene-loaded sustained-release microspheres using central composite design. Chem Pharm Bull 54(7):977–981
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah SN, Asghar S, Choudhry MA, Akash MS, Rehman NU, Baksh S (2009) Formulation and evaluation of natural gum-based sustained release matrix tablets of flurbiprofen using response surface methodology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 35(12):1470–1478PubMed Shah SN, Asghar S, Choudhry MA, Akash MS, Rehman NU, Baksh S (2009) Formulation and evaluation of natural gum-based sustained release matrix tablets of flurbiprofen using response surface methodology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 35(12):1470–1478PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Vijayalakshmi P, Devi VK, Narendra C, Srinagesh S (2008) Development of extended zero-order release gliclazide tablets by central composite design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 34(1):33–45PubMed Vijayalakshmi P, Devi VK, Narendra C, Srinagesh S (2008) Development of extended zero-order release gliclazide tablets by central composite design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 34(1):33–45PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Chauhan GS, Kumari A, Sharma R (2007) Pectin and acrylamide based hydrogels for environment management technologies: synthesis, characterization, and metal ions sorption. J Appl Polym Sci 106(4):2158–2168 Chauhan GS, Kumari A, Sharma R (2007) Pectin and acrylamide based hydrogels for environment management technologies: synthesis, characterization, and metal ions sorption. J Appl Polym Sci 106(4):2158–2168
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Latif IA, Abdullah HM, Saleem MH (2016) Electrical and swelling study of different prepared hydrogel. Am J Polym Sci 6(2):50–57 Latif IA, Abdullah HM, Saleem MH (2016) Electrical and swelling study of different prepared hydrogel. Am J Polym Sci 6(2):50–57
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Davidenko N, Peniche C, Díaz JM, San Roman J, Sastre R (2007) Photopolymerisation of acrylic acid and chitosan gels (I): influence of preparation method on the formation and kinetic behaviour of interpenetrating complexes. Lat Am Appl Res 37(4):247–253 Davidenko N, Peniche C, Díaz JM, San Roman J, Sastre R (2007) Photopolymerisation of acrylic acid and chitosan gels (I): influence of preparation method on the formation and kinetic behaviour of interpenetrating complexes. Lat Am Appl Res 37(4):247–253
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Khalid I, Ahmad M, Usman Minhas M, Barkat K, Sohail M (2018) Cross-linked sodium alginate-g-poly (Acrylic Acid) structure: a potential hydrogel network for controlled delivery of loxoprofen sodium. Adv Polym Tech 37(4):985–995 Khalid I, Ahmad M, Usman Minhas M, Barkat K, Sohail M (2018) Cross-linked sodium alginate-g-poly (Acrylic Acid) structure: a potential hydrogel network for controlled delivery of loxoprofen sodium. Adv Polym Tech 37(4):985–995
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Parida P, Mishra SC, Sahoo S, Behera A, Nayak BP (2016) Development and characterization of ethylcellulose based microsphere for sustained release of nifedipine. J Pharm Anal 6(5):341–344PubMed Parida P, Mishra SC, Sahoo S, Behera A, Nayak BP (2016) Development and characterization of ethylcellulose based microsphere for sustained release of nifedipine. J Pharm Anal 6(5):341–344PubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Mishra RK, Datt M, Banthia AK (2008) Synthesis and characterization of pectin/PVP hydrogel membranes for drug delivery system. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 9(2):395–403 Mishra RK, Datt M, Banthia AK (2008) Synthesis and characterization of pectin/PVP hydrogel membranes for drug delivery system. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 9(2):395–403
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Minhas MU, Ahmad M, Anwar J, Khan S (2018) Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable hydrogels for oral delivery of 5-fluorouracil targeted to colon: screening with preliminary In Vivo studies. Adv Polym Tech 37(1):221–229 Minhas MU, Ahmad M, Anwar J, Khan S (2018) Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable hydrogels for oral delivery of 5-fluorouracil targeted to colon: screening with preliminary In Vivo studies. Adv Polym Tech 37(1):221–229
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhuyan MM, Okabe H, Hidaka Y, Dafader NC, Rahman N, Hara K (2018) Synthesis of pectin-N, N-dimethyl acrylamide hydrogel by gamma radiation and application in drug delivery (in vitro). J Macromol Sci A 55(4):369–376 Bhuyan MM, Okabe H, Hidaka Y, Dafader NC, Rahman N, Hara K (2018) Synthesis of pectin-N, N-dimethyl acrylamide hydrogel by gamma radiation and application in drug delivery (in vitro). J Macromol Sci A 55(4):369–376
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Reddy PR, Eswaramma S, Rao KK, Lee YI (2014) Dual responsive pectin hydrogels and their silver nanocomposites: swelling studies, controlled drug delivery and antimicrobial applications. B Kor Chem Soc 35(8):2391–2399 Reddy PR, Eswaramma S, Rao KK, Lee YI (2014) Dual responsive pectin hydrogels and their silver nanocomposites: swelling studies, controlled drug delivery and antimicrobial applications. B Kor Chem Soc 35(8):2391–2399
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu Y, Sun Y, Ding G, Geng Q, Zhu J, Guo M, Duan Y, Wang B, Cao Y (2015) Synthesis, characterization, and application of microbe-triggered controlled-release kasugamycin-pectin conjugate. J Agric Food Chem 63(17):4263–4268PubMed Liu Y, Sun Y, Ding G, Geng Q, Zhu J, Guo M, Duan Y, Wang B, Cao Y (2015) Synthesis, characterization, and application of microbe-triggered controlled-release kasugamycin-pectin conjugate. J Agric Food Chem 63(17):4263–4268PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang X, Wang Y, He S, Hou H, Hao C (2018) Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of superabsorbent hydrogels based on sodium lignosulfonate and their adsorption properties for Ni2+. Ultrason Sonochem 1(40):221–229 Wang X, Wang Y, He S, Hou H, Hao C (2018) Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of superabsorbent hydrogels based on sodium lignosulfonate and their adsorption properties for Ni2+. Ultrason Sonochem 1(40):221–229
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Chavda HV, Patel RD, Modhia IP, Patel CN (2012) Preparation and characterization of superporous hydrogel based on different polymers. Int J Pharmaceut Investig 2(3):134 Chavda HV, Patel RD, Modhia IP, Patel CN (2012) Preparation and characterization of superporous hydrogel based on different polymers. Int J Pharmaceut Investig 2(3):134
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Pourjavadi A, Barzegar S (2009) Synthesis and evaluation of pH and thermosensitive pectin-based superabsorbent hydrogel for oral drug delivery systems. Starch-Starke 61(3–4):161–172 Pourjavadi A, Barzegar S (2009) Synthesis and evaluation of pH and thermosensitive pectin-based superabsorbent hydrogel for oral drug delivery systems. Starch-Starke 61(3–4):161–172
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Nesrinne S, Djamel A (2017) Synthesis, characterization and rheological behavior of pH sensitive poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels. Arab J Chem 10(4):539–547 Nesrinne S, Djamel A (2017) Synthesis, characterization and rheological behavior of pH sensitive poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogels. Arab J Chem 10(4):539–547
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Jabbari E, Nozari S (2000) Swelling behavior of acrylic acid hydrogels prepared by γ-radiation crosslinking of polyacrylic acid in aqueous solution. Eur Polym J 36(12):2685–2692 Jabbari E, Nozari S (2000) Swelling behavior of acrylic acid hydrogels prepared by γ-radiation crosslinking of polyacrylic acid in aqueous solution. Eur Polym J 36(12):2685–2692
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Sutar PB, Mishra RK, Pal K, Banthia AK (2008) Development of pH sensitive polyacrylamide grafted pectin hydrogel for controlled drug delivery system. J Mater Sci Mater M 19(6):2247–2253 Sutar PB, Mishra RK, Pal K, Banthia AK (2008) Development of pH sensitive polyacrylamide grafted pectin hydrogel for controlled drug delivery system. J Mater Sci Mater M 19(6):2247–2253
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Kazemzadeh B, Hosseinzadeh H, Babazadeh M (2015) Synthesis of a novel pectin-based superabsorbent hydrogel with salt and pH-responsiveness properties. Biomed Pharmacol J 6(1):41–48 Kazemzadeh B, Hosseinzadeh H, Babazadeh M (2015) Synthesis of a novel pectin-based superabsorbent hydrogel with salt and pH-responsiveness properties. Biomed Pharmacol J 6(1):41–48
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Eswaramma S, Reddy NS, Rao KK (2017) Phosphate crosslinked pectin based dual responsive hydrogel networks and nanocomposites: development, swelling dynamics and drug release characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 1(103):1162–1172 Eswaramma S, Reddy NS, Rao KK (2017) Phosphate crosslinked pectin based dual responsive hydrogel networks and nanocomposites: development, swelling dynamics and drug release characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 1(103):1162–1172
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Alla SG, El-Din HM, El-Naggar AW (2007) Structure and swelling-release behaviour of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP) and acrylic acid (AAc) copolymer hydrogels prepared by gamma irradiation. Eur Polym J 43(7):2987–2998 Alla SG, El-Din HM, El-Naggar AW (2007) Structure and swelling-release behaviour of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP) and acrylic acid (AAc) copolymer hydrogels prepared by gamma irradiation. Eur Polym J 43(7):2987–2998
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Li X, Wu W, Wang J, Duan Y (2006) The swelling behavior and network parameters of guar gum/poly (acrylic acid) semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels. Carbohyd Polym 66(4):473–479 Li X, Wu W, Wang J, Duan Y (2006) The swelling behavior and network parameters of guar gum/poly (acrylic acid) semi-interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels. Carbohyd Polym 66(4):473–479
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Dafe A, Etemadi H, Dilmaghani A, Mahdavinia GR (2017) Investigation of pectin/starch hydrogel as a carrier for oral delivery of probiotic bacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 1(97):536–543 Dafe A, Etemadi H, Dilmaghani A, Mahdavinia GR (2017) Investigation of pectin/starch hydrogel as a carrier for oral delivery of probiotic bacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 1(97):536–543
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Dai YN, Li P, Zhang JP, Wang AQ, Wei Q (2008) A novel pH sensitive N-succinyl chitosan/alginate hydrogel bead for nifedipine delivery. Biopharm Drug Dispos 29(3):173–184PubMed Dai YN, Li P, Zhang JP, Wang AQ, Wei Q (2008) A novel pH sensitive N-succinyl chitosan/alginate hydrogel bead for nifedipine delivery. Biopharm Drug Dispos 29(3):173–184PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah SS, Kulkarni MG, Mashelkar RA (1991) pH dependent zero order release from glassy hydrogels: penetration vs. diffusion control. J Control Release 15(2):121–131 Shah SS, Kulkarni MG, Mashelkar RA (1991) pH dependent zero order release from glassy hydrogels: penetration vs. diffusion control. J Control Release 15(2):121–131
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Varelas CG, Dixon DG, Steiner CA (1995) Zero-order release from biphasic polymer hydrogels. J Control Release 34(3):185–192 Varelas CG, Dixon DG, Steiner CA (1995) Zero-order release from biphasic polymer hydrogels. J Control Release 34(3):185–192
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Zarzycki R, Modrzejewska Z, Nawrotek K (2010) Drug release from hydrogel matrices. Ecol Chem Eng S 1(17):117–136 Zarzycki R, Modrzejewska Z, Nawrotek K (2010) Drug release from hydrogel matrices. Ecol Chem Eng S 1(17):117–136
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Singh V, Bushetti SS, Appala R, Shareef A, Imam SS, Singh M (2010) Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels: a novel ophthalmic drug delivery system. Indian J Ophthalmol 58(6):477PubMedPubMedCentral Singh V, Bushetti SS, Appala R, Shareef A, Imam SS, Singh M (2010) Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels: a novel ophthalmic drug delivery system. Indian J Ophthalmol 58(6):477PubMedPubMedCentral
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Pourjavadi A, Mahdavinia GR, Zohuriaan-Mehr MJ (2003) Modified chitosan. II. H-chitoPAN a novel pH-responsive superabsorbent hydrogel. J Appl Polym Sci 90(11):3115–3121 Pourjavadi A, Mahdavinia GR, Zohuriaan-Mehr MJ (2003) Modified chitosan. II. H-chitoPAN a novel pH-responsive superabsorbent hydrogel. J Appl Polym Sci 90(11):3115–3121
Metadaten
Titel
Pectin-based hydrogels with adjustable properties for controlled delivery of nifedipine: development and optimization
verfasst von
Nyla Ajaz
Ikrima Khalid
Muhammad Usman Minhas
Kashif Barkat
Ikram Ullah Khan
Haroon Khaild Syed
Sajid Asghar
Rabia Munir
Fahmida Aslam
Publikationsdatum
17.12.2019
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Polymer Bulletin / Ausgabe 11/2020
Print ISSN: 0170-0839
Elektronische ISSN: 1436-2449
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-03065-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11/2020

Polymer Bulletin 11/2020 Zur Ausgabe

    Marktübersichten

    Die im Laufe eines Jahres in der „adhäsion“ veröffentlichten Marktübersichten helfen Anwendern verschiedenster Branchen, sich einen gezielten Überblick über Lieferantenangebote zu verschaffen.