Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Small Business Economics 2/2019

24.02.2018

A gendered look at entrepreneurship ecosystems

verfasst von: Candida Brush, Linda F. Edelman, Tatiana Manolova, Friederike Welter

Erschienen in: Small Business Economics | Ausgabe 2/2019

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Underlying entrepreneurship ecosystems is the implicit assumption that all entrepreneurs have equal access to resources, participation, and support, as well as an equal chance of a successful outcome (venture start-up). However in practice, this is not always the case. Research finds that when it comes to many aspects of the entrepreneurship ecosystem, women are at a disadvantage. In this paper, we offer a brief overview of current ecosystem frameworks pointing out where “gender” matters in ecosystems at the institutional, organizational, and individual levels. We go on to present a summary of the contributions to this special edition and conclude with suggestions for future research.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
3
The Diana Project was launched in 1999 by Professors Brush, Carter, Gatewood, Greene, and Hart, to study the phenomenon of women’s entrepreneurship in the USA. The Diana Project team, in partnership with ESBRI (Entrepreneurship and Small Business Research Institute, Sweden), inaugurated the Diana International Project (DIP) in 2003. DIP currently involves researchers from 16 countries worldwide and aims to provide a platform from which to develop, conduct and share a global research agenda dedicated to answering questions about women entrepreneurs and growth oriented businesses.
 
4
International Business Innovation Association, 2013. 2012 state of the business incubation industry: INBIA publications.
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: a theory of gendered organizations. Gender & Society, 4(2), 139–158. Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: a theory of gendered organizations. Gender & Society, 4(2), 139–158.
Zurück zum Zitat Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., & Szerb, L. (2014). National systems of entrepreneurship: measurement issues and policy implications. Research Policy, 43(3), 476–494. Acs, Z. J., Autio, E., & Szerb, L. (2014). National systems of entrepreneurship: measurement issues and policy implications. Research Policy, 43(3), 476–494.
Zurück zum Zitat Acs, Z. J., Stam, E., Audretsch, D. B., & O’Connor, A. (2017). The lineages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 1–10. Acs, Z. J., Stam, E., Audretsch, D. B., & O’Connor, A. (2017). The lineages of the entrepreneurial ecosystem approach. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 1–10.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahl, H. (2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595–621. Ahl, H. (2006). Why research on women entrepreneurs needs new directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595–621.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahl, H., & Nelson, T. (2010). Moving forward: institutional perspectives on gender and entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 5–9. Ahl, H., & Nelson, T. (2010). Moving forward: institutional perspectives on gender and entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 5–9.
Zurück zum Zitat Aldrich, H., Reese, P. R., & Dubini, P. (1989). Women on the verge of a breakthrough: networking among entrepreneurs in the United States and Italy. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 1(4), 339–356. Aldrich, H., Reese, P. R., & Dubini, P. (1989). Women on the verge of a breakthrough: networking among entrepreneurs in the United States and Italy. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 1(4), 339–356.
Zurück zum Zitat Auerswald, P. E. (2015). Enabling entrepreneurial ecosystems: insights from ecology to inform effective entrepreneurship policy. Kansas City, MO: Kauffman Foundation Research Series on City, Metro and Regional Entrepreneurship. Auerswald, P. E. (2015). Enabling entrepreneurial ecosystems: insights from ecology to inform effective entrepreneurship policy. Kansas City, MO: Kauffman Foundation Research Series on City, Metro and Regional Entrepreneurship.
Zurück zum Zitat Autio, E., Nambisan, S., Thomas, L. D., & Wright, M. (2017). Digital affordances, spatial affordances, and the genesis of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1266. Autio, E., Nambisan, S., Thomas, L. D., & Wright, M. (2017). Digital affordances, spatial affordances, and the genesis of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal. Accepted Author Manuscript. doi:https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​sej.​1266.
Zurück zum Zitat Baughn, C. C., Chua, B.-L., & Neupert, K. E. (2006). The normative context for women’s participation in entrepreneurship: a multicountry study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 687–708. Baughn, C. C., Chua, B.-L., & Neupert, K. E. (2006). The normative context for women’s participation in entrepreneurship: a multicountry study. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 687–708.
Zurück zum Zitat Baumol, W. J. (1990). Entrepreneurship—productive, unproductive, and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893–921. Baumol, W. J. (1990). Entrepreneurship—productive, unproductive, and destructive. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893–921.
Zurück zum Zitat Bird, B., & Brush, C. G. (2002). A gendered perspective on organizational creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), 41–65. Bird, B., & Brush, C. G. (2002). A gendered perspective on organizational creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(3), 41–65.
Zurück zum Zitat Blake, M. K. (2006). Gendered lending: gender, context and the rules of business lending. Venture Capital, 8(02), 183–201. Blake, M. K. (2006). Gendered lending: gender, context and the rules of business lending. Venture Capital, 8(02), 183–201.
Zurück zum Zitat Bondi, L. (1992). Gender symbols and urban landscapes. Progress in Human Geography, 16(2), 157–170. Bondi, L. (1992). Gender symbols and urban landscapes. Progress in Human Geography, 16(2), 157–170.
Zurück zum Zitat Bourdieu, P. (2005). The social structures of the economy. Cambridge: Polity. Bourdieu, P. (2005). The social structures of the economy. Cambridge: Polity.
Zurück zum Zitat Britton, D. M. (2000). The epistemology of the gendered organization. Gender & Society, 14(3), 418–434. Britton, D. M. (2000). The epistemology of the gendered organization. Gender & Society, 14(3), 418–434.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, R., & Mason, C. (2017). Looking inside the spiky bits: a critical review and conceptualisation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 11–30. Brown, R., & Mason, C. (2017). Looking inside the spiky bits: a critical review and conceptualisation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Small Business Economics, 49(1), 11–30.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruni, A., Gherardi, S., & Poggio, B. (2004). Doing gender, doing entrepreneurship: an ethnographic account of intertwined practices. Gender, Work & Organization, 11(4), 406–429. Bruni, A., Gherardi, S., & Poggio, B. (2004). Doing gender, doing entrepreneurship: an ethnographic account of intertwined practices. Gender, Work & Organization, 11(4), 406–429.
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C. (2014). Exploring the concept of an entrepreneurship education ecosystem. In D. Kuratko (Ed.), Innovative pathways for university entrepreneurship in the 21st century (pp. 25–39). Advances in the study of entrepreneurship, innovation and growth (Vol. 24). Bingley: Emerald. Brush, C. (2014). Exploring the concept of an entrepreneurship education ecosystem. In D. Kuratko (Ed.), Innovative pathways for university entrepreneurship in the 21st century (pp. 25–39). Advances in the study of entrepreneurship, innovation and growth (Vol. 24). Bingley: Emerald.
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C., Kelley, D., Ali, A., & Greene, P. (2017). The influence of human capital factors and context on women’s entrepreneurship: which matters more? Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8(1), 105–113. Brush, C., Kelley, D., Ali, A., & Greene, P. (2017). The influence of human capital factors and context on women’s entrepreneurship: which matters more? Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8(1), 105–113.
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C., & Greene, P. (2016). Closing the gender gap in entrepreneurship: a new perspective on policies and practices. White paper prepared for the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. Paris: OECD. Brush, C., & Greene, P. (2016). Closing the gender gap in entrepreneurship: a new perspective on policies and practices. White paper prepared for the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. Paris: OECD.
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C.G., Greene, P. G., Balachandra, L. & Davis, A. (2014a). Women entrepreneurs 2014: bridging the gap in venture capital. Report sponsored by Ernst & Young, Wellesley: Babson College. Brush, C.G., Greene, P. G., Balachandra, L. & Davis, A. (2014a). Women entrepreneurs 2014: bridging the gap in venture capital. Report sponsored by Ernst & Young, Wellesley: Babson College.
Zurück zum Zitat Brush, C., Greene, P., Balachandra, L., & Davis, A. (2014b). Investing in the power of women. Progress report on the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women Initiative. Wellesley: Babson College. Brush, C., Greene, P., Balachandra, L., & Davis, A. (2014b). Investing in the power of women. Progress report on the Goldman Sachs 10,000 Women Initiative. Wellesley: Babson College.
Zurück zum Zitat Carter, N., Brush, C., Greene, P., Gatewood, E., & Hart, M. (2003). Women entrepreneurs who break through to equity financing: the influence of human, social and financial capital. Venture Capital: An International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 5(1), 1–28. Carter, N., Brush, C., Greene, P., Gatewood, E., & Hart, M. (2003). Women entrepreneurs who break through to equity financing: the influence of human, social and financial capital. Venture Capital: An International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 5(1), 1–28.
Zurück zum Zitat Chappell, L., & Waylen, G. (2013). Gender and the hidden life of institutions. Public Administration, 3, 599–615. Chappell, L., & Waylen, G. (2013). Gender and the hidden life of institutions. Public Administration, 3, 599–615.
Zurück zum Zitat Coleman, S. (2000). Access to capital: a comparison of men and women-owned small businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(3), 37–52. Coleman, S. (2000). Access to capital: a comparison of men and women-owned small businesses. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(3), 37–52.
Zurück zum Zitat Coleman, S., & Robb, A. (2012). A rising tide: financing strategies for women-owned firms. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Coleman, S., & Robb, A. (2012). A rising tide: financing strategies for women-owned firms. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Coleman, S., & Robb, A. (2016). The next wave: financing women’s growth oriented firms. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Coleman, S., & Robb, A. (2016). The next wave: financing women’s growth oriented firms. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Eddleston, K. A., Ladge, J. J., Mitteness, C., & Balachandra, L. (2016). Do you see what I see? Signaling effects of gender and firm characteristics on financing entrepreneurial ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(3), 489–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12117 CrossRef Eddleston, K. A., Ladge, J. J., Mitteness, C., & Balachandra, L. (2016). Do you see what I see? Signaling effects of gender and firm characteristics on financing entrepreneurial ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 40(3), 489–514. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​etap.​12117 CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Eikhof, D. R., Summers, J., & Carter, S. (2013). “Women doing their own thing”: media representations of female entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 19(5), 547–564. Eikhof, D. R., Summers, J., & Carter, S. (2013). “Women doing their own thing”: media representations of female entrepreneurship. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 19(5), 547–564.
Zurück zum Zitat Elam, A., & Terjesen, S. (2010). Gendered institutions and cross-national patterns of business creation for men and women. European Journal of Development Research, 22, 331–348. Elam, A., & Terjesen, S. (2010). Gendered institutions and cross-national patterns of business creation for men and women. European Journal of Development Research, 22, 331–348.
Zurück zum Zitat Fagenson, E. A., & Marcus, E. C. (1991). Perceptions of the sex-role stereotypic characteristics of entrepreneurs: women’s evaluations. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15(4), 33–47. Fagenson, E. A., & Marcus, E. C. (1991). Perceptions of the sex-role stereotypic characteristics of entrepreneurs: women’s evaluations. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15(4), 33–47.
Zurück zum Zitat Feld, B. (2012). Startup communities: building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. John Wiley & Sons. Feld, B. (2012). Startup communities: building an entrepreneurial ecosystem in your city. John Wiley & Sons.
Zurück zum Zitat Feldman, M. P. (2014). The character of innovative places: entrepreneurial strategy, economic development, and prosperity. Small Business Economics, 43(1), 9–20. Feldman, M. P. (2014). The character of innovative places: entrepreneurial strategy, economic development, and prosperity. Small Business Economics, 43(1), 9–20.
Zurück zum Zitat Fetters, M., Greene, P. G., & Rice, M. P. (eds) (2010). The development of university-based entrepreneurship ecosystems: global practices. Edward Elgar Publishing. Fetters, M., Greene, P. G., & Rice, M. P. (eds) (2010). The development of university-based entrepreneurship ecosystems: global practices. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Zurück zum Zitat Foss, L., Henry, C., Ahl, H., & Mikalsen, G. H. (2018). Women’s entrepreneurship policy research: a 30-year review of the evidence. Small Business Economics, this issue. Foss, L., Henry, C., Ahl, H., & Mikalsen, G. H. (2018). Women’s entrepreneurship policy research: a 30-year review of the evidence. Small Business Economics, this issue.
Zurück zum Zitat Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). (2016/2017). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2016/2017. Report on women’s entrepreneurship. Wellesley: GERA Research Association. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). (2016/2017). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2016/2017. Report on women’s entrepreneurship. Wellesley: GERA Research Association.
Zurück zum Zitat Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on a spoiled identity. Jenkins, JH & Carpenter. Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on a spoiled identity. Jenkins, JH & Carpenter.
Zurück zum Zitat Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. The American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481–510. Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. The American Journal of Sociology, 91(3), 481–510.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B., Wasti, S. A., & Sikdar, A. (2009). The role of gender stereotypes in perceptions of entrepreneurs and intentions to become an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), 397–417. Gupta, V. K., Turban, D. B., Wasti, S. A., & Sikdar, A. (2009). The role of gender stereotypes in perceptions of entrepreneurs and intentions to become an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), 397–417.
Zurück zum Zitat Hechavarría, D. M., & Ingram, A. E. (2018). Entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions and gendered national-level entrepreneurial activity: a fourteen-year panel study of GEM. Small Business Economics, this issue. Hechavarría, D. M., & Ingram, A. E. (2018). Entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions and gendered national-level entrepreneurial activity: a fourteen-year panel study of GEM. Small Business Economics, this issue.
Zurück zum Zitat Hewlett, S. A. (2014). What’s holding women back in science and technology industries. Harvard Business Review. Hewlett, S. A. (2014). What’s holding women back in science and technology industries. Harvard Business Review.
Zurück zum Zitat Isenberg, D. (2010). How to start an entrepreneurial revolution. Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 40–50. Isenberg, D. (2010). How to start an entrepreneurial revolution. Harvard Business Review, 88(6), 40–50.
Zurück zum Zitat Isenberg, D. (2011). The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship. Presentation at the Institute of International and European Affairs, Dublin, Ireland, May 12. Isenberg, D. (2011). The entrepreneurship ecosystem strategy as a new paradigm for economic policy: Principles for cultivating entrepreneurship. Presentation at the Institute of International and European Affairs, Dublin, Ireland, May 12.
Zurück zum Zitat Isenberg, D. (2014). What an entrepreneurship ecosystem actually is. Harvard Business Review, 5, 1-7. Isenberg, D. (2014). What an entrepreneurship ecosystem actually is. Harvard Business Review, 5, 1-7.
Zurück zum Zitat Isenberg, D., & Onyemah, V. (2016). Fostering scaleup ecosystems for regional economic growth (innovations case narrative: Manizales-Mas and Scale Up Milwaukee). Innovations, 11(1/2), 60–79. Isenberg, D., & Onyemah, V. (2016). Fostering scaleup ecosystems for regional economic growth (innovations case narrative: Manizales-Mas and Scale Up Milwaukee). Innovations, 11(1/2), 60–79.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson, J., & Repta, R. (2013). Sex and gender: beyond the binaries. Chapter 2. In J.L. Oliffe & Greaves, L. (Eds.) Designing and conducting gender, sex and health research. London: Sage Publishing, p. 17–37. Johnson, J., & Repta, R. (2013). Sex and gender: beyond the binaries. Chapter 2. In J.L. Oliffe & Greaves, L. (Eds.) Designing and conducting gender, sex and health research. London: Sage Publishing, p. 17–37.
Zurück zum Zitat Kanter, R. M. (1977). Some effects of proportions on group life: skewed sex ratios and responses to token women. American Journal of Sociology, 82(5), 965–990. Kanter, R. M. (1977). Some effects of proportions on group life: skewed sex ratios and responses to token women. American Journal of Sociology, 82(5), 965–990.
Zurück zum Zitat Kantis, H.D., & Federico, J.S. (2012). Entrepreneuerial ecosystems in Latin America: the role of policies. International Research and Policy. Entrepreneurial Development Programme, Institute of Industry, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (Argentina). Kantis, H.D., & Federico, J.S. (2012). Entrepreneuerial ecosystems in Latin America: the role of policies. International Research and Policy. Entrepreneurial Development Programme, Institute of Industry, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento (Argentina).
Zurück zum Zitat Kanze, D., Huang, L., Conley, M. A., & Higgins, E. T. (2017). We ask men to win & women not to lose: closing the gender gap in startup funding. Academy of Management Journal (forthcoming); published ahead of print April 27, 2017. Kanze, D., Huang, L., Conley, M. A., & Higgins, E. T. (2017). We ask men to win & women not to lose: closing the gender gap in startup funding. Academy of Management Journal (forthcoming); published ahead of print April 27, 2017.
Zurück zum Zitat Le Renard, A. (2008). “Only for women”: women, the state, and reform in Saudi Arabia. The Middle East Journal, 62(4), 610–629. Le Renard, A. (2008). “Only for women”: women, the state, and reform in Saudi Arabia. The Middle East Journal, 62(4), 610–629.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewellyn, K. B., & Muller-Kahle, M. I. (2015). A configurational approach to understanding gender differences in entrepreneurial activity: a fuzzy set analysis of 40 countries. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-015-0366-3 Lewellyn, K. B., & Muller-Kahle, M. I. (2015). A configurational approach to understanding gender differences in entrepreneurial activity: a fuzzy set analysis of 40 countries. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11365-015-0366-3
Zurück zum Zitat Mack, E., & Mayer, H. (2016). The evolutionary dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Urban Studies, 53(10), 2118–2133. Mack, E., & Mayer, H. (2016). The evolutionary dynamics of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Urban Studies, 53(10), 2118–2133.
Zurück zum Zitat Major, B., & Forcey, B. (1985). Social comparisons and pay evaluations: preferences for same-sex and same-job wage comparisons. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(4), 393–405. Major, B., & Forcey, B. (1985). Social comparisons and pay evaluations: preferences for same-sex and same-job wage comparisons. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(4), 393–405.
Zurück zum Zitat Marlow, S., & McAdam, M. (2012). Analyzing the influence of gender upon high-technology venturing within the context of business incubation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(4), 655–676. Marlow, S., & McAdam, M. (2012). Analyzing the influence of gender upon high-technology venturing within the context of business incubation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(4), 655–676.
Zurück zum Zitat McAdam, M., Harrison, R., & Leitch, C. (2018), Stories from the field: women’s networking as gender capital in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Small Business Economics, this issue. McAdam, M., Harrison, R., & Leitch, C. (2018), Stories from the field: women’s networking as gender capital in entrepreneurial ecosystems. Small Business Economics, this issue.
Zurück zum Zitat Mirchandani, K. (1999). Feminist insight on gendered work: new directions in research on women and entrepreneurship. Gender, Work & Organization, 6(4), 224–235. Mirchandani, K. (1999). Feminist insight on gendered work: new directions in research on women and entrepreneurship. Gender, Work & Organization, 6(4), 224–235.
Zurück zum Zitat Muehlenhard, C. L., & Peterson, Z. D. (2011). Distinguishing between sex and gender: history, current conceptualizations, and implications. Sex Roles, 64(11–12), 791–803. Muehlenhard, C. L., & Peterson, Z. D. (2011). Distinguishing between sex and gender: history, current conceptualizations, and implications. Sex Roles, 64(11–12), 791–803.
Zurück zum Zitat Neck, H. M., Meyer, G. D., Cohen, B., & Corbett, A. C. (2004). An entrepreneurial system view of new venture creation. Journal of Small Business Management, 42(2), 190–208. Neck, H. M., Meyer, G. D., Cohen, B., & Corbett, A. C. (2004). An entrepreneurial system view of new venture creation. Journal of Small Business Management, 42(2), 190–208.
Zurück zum Zitat Neumeyer, X., Santos, S. C., Caetano, A., & Kalbfleisch, P. (2018). Entrepreneurship ecosystems and women entrepreneurs: a social capital and network approach. Small Business Economics, this issue. Neumeyer, X., Santos, S. C., Caetano, A., & Kalbfleisch, P. (2018). Entrepreneurship ecosystems and women entrepreneurs: a social capital and network approach. Small Business Economics, this issue.
Zurück zum Zitat Nielsen, S., & Huse, M. (2010). The contribution of women on boards of directors: going beyond the surface. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18(2), 136–148. Nielsen, S., & Huse, M. (2010). The contribution of women on boards of directors: going beyond the surface. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 18(2), 136–148.
Zurück zum Zitat Orser, B., Riding, A., & Weeks, J. (2018). The efficacy of gender-based federal procurement policies in the united states. Small Business Economics, this issue. Orser, B., Riding, A., & Weeks, J. (2018). The efficacy of gender-based federal procurement policies in the united states. Small Business Economics, this issue.
Zurück zum Zitat Powell, W., & Colyvas, J. (2008). Microfoundations of institutional theory. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp. 276–298). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishing. Powell, W., & Colyvas, J. (2008). Microfoundations of institutional theory. In R. Greenwood, C. Oliver, K. Sahlin, & R. Suddaby (Eds.), Sage handbook of organizational institutionalism (pp. 276–298). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishing.
Zurück zum Zitat Ridgeway, C. L., & Smith-Lovin, L. (1999). The gender system and interaction. Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), 191–216. Ridgeway, C. L., & Smith-Lovin, L. (1999). The gender system and interaction. Annual Review of Sociology, 25(1), 191–216.
Zurück zum Zitat Ridgeway, C. L., & Correll, S. J. (2004). Unpacking the gender system: a theoretical perspective on gender beliefs and social relations. Gender and Society, 18, 510–531. Ridgeway, C. L., & Correll, S. J. (2004). Unpacking the gender system: a theoretical perspective on gender beliefs and social relations. Gender and Society, 18, 510–531.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenthal, S. S., & Strange, W. C. (2012). Female entrepreneurship, agglomeration, and a new spatial mismatch. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(3), 764–788. Rosenthal, S. S., & Strange, W. C. (2012). Female entrepreneurship, agglomeration, and a new spatial mismatch. Review of Economics and Statistics, 94(3), 764–788.
Zurück zum Zitat Roundy, P. T., Brockman, B. K., & Bradshaw, M. (2017). The resilience of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8, 99–104. Roundy, P. T., Brockman, B. K., & Bradshaw, M. (2017). The resilience of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8, 99–104.
Zurück zum Zitat Rudman, L. A. (1998). Self-promotion as a risk factor for women: the costs and benefits of counterstereotypical impression management. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 629–645. Rudman, L. A. (1998). Self-promotion as a risk factor for women: the costs and benefits of counterstereotypical impression management. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(3), 629–645.
Zurück zum Zitat Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (1999). Feminized management and backlash toward agentic women: the hidden costs to women of a kinder, gentler image of middle managers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(5), 1004–1010. Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (1999). Feminized management and backlash toward agentic women: the hidden costs to women of a kinder, gentler image of middle managers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(5), 1004–1010.
Zurück zum Zitat Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (2001). Prescriptive gender stereotypes and backlash toward agentic women. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 743–762. Rudman, L. A., & Glick, P. (2001). Prescriptive gender stereotypes and backlash toward agentic women. Journal of Social Issues, 57(4), 743–762.
Zurück zum Zitat Saparito, P., Elam, A., & Brush, C. (2013). Bank–firm relationships: do perceptions vary by gender? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(4), 837–858. Saparito, P., Elam, A., & Brush, C. (2013). Bank–firm relationships: do perceptions vary by gender? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(4), 837–858.
Zurück zum Zitat Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The schumpttr: Theory economic development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The schumpttr: Theory economic development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Scott, W. R. (2008). Institutions and organizations: ideas and interests. London: Sage. Scott, W. R. (2008). Institutions and organizations: ideas and interests. London: Sage.
Zurück zum Zitat Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226. Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226.
Zurück zum Zitat Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton, & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 72–90). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton, & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 72–90). Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Zurück zum Zitat Sidanius, J., Pratto, F., Van Laar, C., & Levin, S. (2004). Social dominance theory: its agenda and method. Political Psychology, 25(6), 845–880. Sidanius, J., Pratto, F., Van Laar, C., & Levin, S. (2004). Social dominance theory: its agenda and method. Political Psychology, 25(6), 845–880.
Zurück zum Zitat Simmons, S., Wiklund, J., Levie, J., Bradley, S. W., & Sunny, S. A. (2018). Gender gaps and reentry into entrepreneurial ecosystems after business failure. Small Business Economics, this issue. Simmons, S., Wiklund, J., Levie, J., Bradley, S. W., & Sunny, S. A. (2018). Gender gaps and reentry into entrepreneurial ecosystems after business failure. Small Business Economics, this issue.
Zurück zum Zitat Sperber, S., & Linder, C. (2018). Gender-specifics in start-up strategies and the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Small Business Economics, this issue. Sperber, S., & Linder, C. (2018). Gender-specifics in start-up strategies and the role of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Small Business Economics, this issue.
Zurück zum Zitat Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 49–72. Spigel, B. (2017). The relational organization of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 41(1), 49–72.
Zurück zum Zitat Spilling, O. R. (1996). The entrepreneurial system: ON entrepreneurship in the context of a mega-event. Journal of Business Research, 36(1), 91–103. Spilling, O. R. (1996). The entrepreneurial system: ON entrepreneurship in the context of a mega-event. Journal of Business Research, 36(1), 91–103.
Zurück zum Zitat Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759–1769. Stam, E. (2015). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy: a sympathetic critique. European Planning Studies, 23(9), 1759–1769.
Zurück zum Zitat Stam, E., & Bosma, N. (2015). Growing entrepreneurial economies: entrepreneurship and regional development. In T. Baker & F. Welter (Eds.), The Routledge companion to entrepreneurship (pp. 325–340). London: Routledge. Stam, E., & Bosma, N. (2015). Growing entrepreneurial economies: entrepreneurship and regional development. In T. Baker & F. Welter (Eds.), The Routledge companion to entrepreneurship (pp. 325–340). London: Routledge.
Zurück zum Zitat Stam, E., & Spigel, B. (2016). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy. In Sage handbook for entrepreneurship and small business. Thousand Oaks, Calif. Stam, E., & Spigel, B. (2016). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and regional policy. In Sage handbook for entrepreneurship and small business. Thousand Oaks, Calif.
Zurück zum Zitat Stangler, D. & Bell-Masterson, J. (2015). Measuring an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Kauffman Foundation series on city, metro and regional entrepreneurship. Kansas City: Kauffman Foundation. Stangler, D. & Bell-Masterson, J. (2015). Measuring an entrepreneurial ecosystem. Kauffman Foundation series on city, metro and regional entrepreneurship. Kansas City: Kauffman Foundation.
Zurück zum Zitat Stinchcombe, A. L. (1965). Social structure and organizations. In J. G. March (Ed.), Handbook of organizations (pp. 142–193). Chicago: Rand-McNally. Stinchcombe, A. L. (1965). Social structure and organizations. In J. G. March (Ed.), Handbook of organizations (pp. 142–193). Chicago: Rand-McNally.
Zurück zum Zitat Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571–610. Suchman, M. C. (1995). Managing legitimacy: strategic and institutional approaches. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 571–610.
Zurück zum Zitat Thébaud, S. (2015). Business as plan B: institutional foundations of gender inequality in entrepreneurship across 24 industrialized countries. Administrative Science Quarterly, 60(4), 671–711. Thébaud, S. (2015). Business as plan B: institutional foundations of gender inequality in entrepreneurship across 24 industrialized countries. Administrative Science Quarterly, 60(4), 671–711.
Zurück zum Zitat Treichel, M. Z., & Scott, J. A. (2006). Women-owned businesses and access to bank credit: evidence from three surveys since 1987. Venture Capital, 8(1), 51–67. Treichel, M. Z., & Scott, J. A. (2006). Women-owned businesses and access to bank credit: evidence from three surveys since 1987. Venture Capital, 8(1), 51–67.
Zurück zum Zitat Unger, R. K. (1979). Toward a redefinition of sex and gender. American Psychologist, 34(11), 1085. Unger, R. K. (1979). Toward a redefinition of sex and gender. American Psychologist, 34(11), 1085.
Zurück zum Zitat Van de Ven, H. (1993). The development of an infrastructure for entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(3), 211–230. Van de Ven, H. (1993). The development of an infrastructure for entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(3), 211–230.
Zurück zum Zitat Vroom, V.H. (1964) Work and Motivation. John Wiley & Sons, New York. Vroom, V.H. (1964) Work and Motivation. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Zurück zum Zitat Vroom, V. H. (2005). On the origins of expectancy theory. In K. G. Smith & M. A. Hitt (Eds.), Great minds in management: The process of theory development (pp. 239-258). New York: Oxford University Press. Vroom, V. H. (2005). On the origins of expectancy theory. In K. G. Smith & M. A. Hitt (Eds.), Great minds in management: The process of theory development (pp. 239-258). New York: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Welter, F., Brush, C. G., & de Bruin, A. (2014). The gendering of entrepreneurship context. IfM Working Paper, 01/14. Bonn: IfM Bonn. Welter, F., Brush, C. G., & de Bruin, A. (2014). The gendering of entrepreneurship context. IfM Working Paper, 01/14. Bonn: IfM Bonn.
Zurück zum Zitat Welter, F., & Smallbone, D. (2008). Women’s entrepreneurship from an institutional perspective: the case of Uzbekistan. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(4), 505–520. Welter, F., & Smallbone, D. (2008). Women’s entrepreneurship from an institutional perspective: the case of Uzbekistan. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(4), 505–520.
Zurück zum Zitat Welter, F., & Smallbone, D. (2012). Institutional perspectives on entrepreneurship. In D. Hjorth (Ed.), Organizational entrepreneurship handbook (pp. 64–78). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Welter, F., & Smallbone, D. (2012). Institutional perspectives on entrepreneurship. In D. Hjorth (Ed.), Organizational entrepreneurship handbook (pp. 64–78). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Zurück zum Zitat World Economic Forum. (2013). Entrepreneurial ecosystems around the globe and company growth dynamics. Davos: World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum. (2013). Entrepreneurial ecosystems around the globe and company growth dynamics. Davos: World Economic Forum.
Metadaten
Titel
A gendered look at entrepreneurship ecosystems
verfasst von
Candida Brush
Linda F. Edelman
Tatiana Manolova
Friederike Welter
Publikationsdatum
24.02.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Small Business Economics / Ausgabe 2/2019
Print ISSN: 0921-898X
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-0913
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9992-9

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2019

Small Business Economics 2/2019 Zur Ausgabe

Premium Partner