Skip to main content

2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

35. Screening for Bioactive Compounds from Algae

verfasst von : Miguel Herrero, Jose A. Mendiola, Merichel Plaza, Elena Ibañez

Erschienen in: Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts

Verlag: Springer New York

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

At present, functional foods are seen as a good alternative to maintain or even improve human health, mainly for the well-known correlation between diet and health. This fact has brought about a great interest for seeking new bioactive products of natural origin to be used as functional ingredients, being, nowadays, one of the main areas of research in Food Science and Technology. Among the different sources that can be used to extract bioactives, algae have become one of the most promising. Algae have an enormous biodiversity and can be seen as natural factories for producing bioactive compounds since either by growing techniques or by genetic engineering approaches, they can improve their natural content of certain valuable compounds. In this book chapter, a revision about the different types of bioactives that have been described in algae is presented including compounds, such as lipids, carotenoids, proteins, phenolics, vitamins, polysaccharides, etc. Also, the modern green techniques used to achieve the selective extraction of such bioactives are presented and the methods for fast screening of bioactivity described.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Abdel-Fattah AF, Sary HH (1987) Selective isolation of glycoprotein materials from the green seaweed Ulva lactuca. J Biochem 20:61–65 Abdel-Fattah AF, Sary HH (1987) Selective isolation of glycoprotein materials from the green seaweed Ulva lactuca. J Biochem 20:61–65
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Antonopoulou S, Karantonis HC, Nomikos T, Oikonomou A, Fragopoulou E, Pantazidou A (2005) Bioactive polar lipids from Croococcidiopsis sp. (Cyanobacteria). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 142:269–282CrossRef Antonopoulou S, Karantonis HC, Nomikos T, Oikonomou A, Fragopoulou E, Pantazidou A (2005) Bioactive polar lipids from Croococcidiopsis sp. (Cyanobacteria). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 142:269–282CrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Arai S (1996) Studies of functional foods in Japan—state of the art. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60:9–15CrossRef Arai S (1996) Studies of functional foods in Japan—state of the art. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60:9–15CrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Arai S (2000) Functional food science in Japan: state of the art. BioFactor 12:13–16CrossRef Arai S (2000) Functional food science in Japan: state of the art. BioFactor 12:13–16CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Bandoniene D, Mukovic M (2002) On-line HPLC-DPPH method for evaluation of radical scavenging phenols extracted from apples (Malus domestica L). J Agric Food Chem 50:2482–2487CrossRef Bandoniene D, Mukovic M (2002) On-line HPLC-DPPH method for evaluation of radical scavenging phenols extracted from apples (Malus domestica L). J Agric Food Chem 50:2482–2487CrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Bemis DL, Jacobs RS, Bailcv TG (1996) Production of arachidonic acid metabolites in chloroplasts isolated from the green alga, Anadyomene stellata. FASEB J 10:A150 Bemis DL, Jacobs RS, Bailcv TG (1996) Production of arachidonic acid metabolites in chloroplasts isolated from the green alga, Anadyomene stellata. FASEB J 10:A150
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Benemann JR (1997) CO2 mitigation with microalgae systems. Energy Convers Mgmt 38:475–479CrossRef Benemann JR (1997) CO2 mitigation with microalgae systems. Energy Convers Mgmt 38:475–479CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhaskar N, Kinami T, Miyashita K, Park SB, Endo Y, Fujimoto K (2004) Occurrence of conjugated polyenoic fatty acids in seaweeds from the Indian Ocean. Z Naturforsch C 59:310–314 Bhaskar N, Kinami T, Miyashita K, Park SB, Endo Y, Fujimoto K (2004) Occurrence of conjugated polyenoic fatty acids in seaweeds from the Indian Ocean. Z Naturforsch C 59:310–314
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhat BV, Gaikwad NW, Madyastha KM (1998) Hepatoprotective effect of C-phycocyanin protection for carbon tetrachloride and R-(+)-pulegone-mediated hepatotoxicity in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 249:428–431CrossRef Bhat BV, Gaikwad NW, Madyastha KM (1998) Hepatoprotective effect of C-phycocyanin protection for carbon tetrachloride and R-(+)-pulegone-mediated hepatotoxicity in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 249:428–431CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Bhat BV, Madyastha KM (2000) C-Phycocyanin: a potent peroxyl radical scavenger in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 275:20–25CrossRef Bhat BV, Madyastha KM (2000) C-Phycocyanin: a potent peroxyl radical scavenger in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 275:20–25CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Borowitzka MA (1995) Microalgae as sources of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds. J Appl Phycol 7:3–15CrossRef Borowitzka MA (1995) Microalgae as sources of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds. J Appl Phycol 7:3–15CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Bors W, Michel C, Saran M (1984) Inhibition of bleaching of the carotenoid crocin. Biochim Biophys Acta 796:312–319CrossRef Bors W, Michel C, Saran M (1984) Inhibition of bleaching of the carotenoid crocin. Biochim Biophys Acta 796:312–319CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C (1995) Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 28:25–30CrossRef Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C (1995) Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebensm Wiss Technol 28:25–30CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Bravarmand LE, Utigar RD (1991) The thyroid A fundamental and clinical text. Lippincott Publications, Philadelphia Bravarmand LE, Utigar RD (1991) The thyroid A fundamental and clinical text. Lippincott Publications, Philadelphia
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruno A, Rossi C, Marcolongo G, Di Lena A, Venzo A, Berrie CH, Corda D (2005) Selective in vivo anti-inflammatory action of the galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. Eur J Pharmacol 524:159–168CrossRef Bruno A, Rossi C, Marcolongo G, Di Lena A, Venzo A, Berrie CH, Corda D (2005) Selective in vivo anti-inflammatory action of the galactolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. Eur J Pharmacol 524:159–168CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Burtin P (2003) Nutritional value of seaweeds. Electron J Environ Agric Food Chem 2:498–503 Burtin P (2003) Nutritional value of seaweeds. Electron J Environ Agric Food Chem 2:498–503
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Calzolari I, Fumagalli S, Marchionni N, Di Bari M (2009) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. Curr Pharm Des 15:4149–4156CrossRef Calzolari I, Fumagalli S, Marchionni N, Di Bari M (2009) Polyunsaturated fatty acids and cardiovascular disease. Curr Pharm Des 15:4149–4156CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Carlucci MJ, Scolaro LA, Damonte EB (1999) Inhibitory action of natural carrageenans on Herpes simplex virus infection of mouse astrocytes. Chemotherapy 45(6):429–436CrossRef Carlucci MJ, Scolaro LA, Damonte EB (1999) Inhibitory action of natural carrageenans on Herpes simplex virus infection of mouse astrocytes. Chemotherapy 45(6):429–436CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Cerón MC, García-Malea MC, Rivas J, Acien FG, Fernandez JM, Del Río E, Guerrero MG, Molina E (2007) Antioxidant activity of Haematococcus pluviales cells grown in continuous culture as a function of their carotenoid and fatty acid content. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74:1112–1119CrossRef Cerón MC, García-Malea MC, Rivas J, Acien FG, Fernandez JM, Del Río E, Guerrero MG, Molina E (2007) Antioxidant activity of Haematococcus pluviales cells grown in continuous culture as a function of their carotenoid and fatty acid content. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 74:1112–1119CrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Chkikvishvili ID, Ramazanov ZM (2000) Phenolic substances of brown algae and their antioxidant activity. Appl Biochem Microbiol 36:289–291CrossRef Chkikvishvili ID, Ramazanov ZM (2000) Phenolic substances of brown algae and their antioxidant activity. Appl Biochem Microbiol 36:289–291CrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Cronin G, Hay ME (1996) Induction of seaweed chemical defenses by amphipod grazing. Ecology 77:2287–2301CrossRef Cronin G, Hay ME (1996) Induction of seaweed chemical defenses by amphipod grazing. Ecology 77:2287–2301CrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Davyt D, Fernandez R, Suescun L, Mombru AW, Saldaña J, Dominguez L, Fujii L, Manta E (2006) Bisabolanes from the red alga Laurencia scoparia. J Nat Prod 69:1113–1116CrossRef Davyt D, Fernandez R, Suescun L, Mombru AW, Saldaña J, Dominguez L, Fujii L, Manta E (2006) Bisabolanes from the red alga Laurencia scoparia. J Nat Prod 69:1113–1116CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Dawczynski C, Schubert R, Jahreis G (2007) Amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibre in edible seaweed products. Food Chem 103:891–899CrossRef Dawczynski C, Schubert R, Jahreis G (2007) Amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibre in edible seaweed products. Food Chem 103:891–899CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat De Souza ÉT, De Lira DP, De Queiroz AC, Da Silva DJC, De Aquino AB, Campessato Mella EA, Lorenzo VP, Alexandre-Moreira MS (2009) The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of caulerpin, a bisindole alkaloid isolated from seaweeds of the genus Caulerpa. Mar Drugs 7:689–704CrossRef De Souza ÉT, De Lira DP, De Queiroz AC, Da Silva DJC, De Aquino AB, Campessato Mella EA, Lorenzo VP, Alexandre-Moreira MS (2009) The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of caulerpin, a bisindole alkaloid isolated from seaweeds of the genus Caulerpa. Mar Drugs 7:689–704CrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Denery JR, Dragull K, Tang CS, Li QX (2004) Pressurized fluid extraction of carotenoids from Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina and kavalactones from Piper methysticum. Anal Chim Acta 501:175–181CrossRef Denery JR, Dragull K, Tang CS, Li QX (2004) Pressurized fluid extraction of carotenoids from Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella salina and kavalactones from Piper methysticum. Anal Chim Acta 501:175–181CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Diplock AT, Aggett PJ, Ashwell M, Bornet F, Fern EB, Roberfroid MB (1999) Scientific concepts of functional foods in Europe: consensus document. Br J Nutr 81:S1–S27 Diplock AT, Aggett PJ, Ashwell M, Bornet F, Fern EB, Roberfroid MB (1999) Scientific concepts of functional foods in Europe: consensus document. Br J Nutr 81:S1–S27
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Drozd NN, Tolstenkov AS, Makarov VA, Kuznetsova TA, Besednova NN, Shevchenko NM, Zvyagintseva TN (2006) Pharmacodynamic parameters of anticoagulants based on sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae. Bull Exp Biol Med 142:591–593CrossRef Drozd NN, Tolstenkov AS, Makarov VA, Kuznetsova TA, Besednova NN, Shevchenko NM, Zvyagintseva TN (2006) Pharmacodynamic parameters of anticoagulants based on sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae. Bull Exp Biol Med 142:591–593CrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Duan XJ, Zhang WW, Li XM, Wang BG (2006) Evaluation of antioxidant property of extract and fractions obtained from a red alga, Polysiphonia urceolata. Food Chem 95:37–43CrossRef Duan XJ, Zhang WW, Li XM, Wang BG (2006) Evaluation of antioxidant property of extract and fractions obtained from a red alga, Polysiphonia urceolata. Food Chem 95:37–43CrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Duarate M, Cardoso M, Noseda M (2001) Structural studies on fucoidans from the brown seaweed Sargassum stenophyllum. Carbohydr Res 333:281–293CrossRef Duarate M, Cardoso M, Noseda M (2001) Structural studies on fucoidans from the brown seaweed Sargassum stenophyllum. Carbohydr Res 333:281–293CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Durmaz Y, Monteiro M, Bandarra N, Gökpinar S, Isik O (2007) The effect of low temperature on fatty composition and tocopherols of the red microalgae, Porphyridium cruentum. J Appl Phycol 19:223–227CrossRef Durmaz Y, Monteiro M, Bandarra N, Gökpinar S, Isik O (2007) The effect of low temperature on fatty composition and tocopherols of the red microalgae, Porphyridium cruentum. J Appl Phycol 19:223–227CrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat El Hattab M, Culioli G, Piovetti L, Chitour SE, Valls RJ (2007) Comparison of various extraction methods for identification and determination of volatile metabolites from the brown alga Dictyopteris membranacea. J Chromatogr A 1143:1–7CrossRef El Hattab M, Culioli G, Piovetti L, Chitour SE, Valls RJ (2007) Comparison of various extraction methods for identification and determination of volatile metabolites from the brown alga Dictyopteris membranacea. J Chromatogr A 1143:1–7CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Erakin S, Güven KC (2008) The volatile petroleum hydrocarbons in marine algae around Turkish coasts. Acta Pharm Sci 50:167–182 Erakin S, Güven KC (2008) The volatile petroleum hydrocarbons in marine algae around Turkish coasts. Acta Pharm Sci 50:167–182
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Eriksen NT (2008) Production of phycocyanin—a pigment with applications in biology, biotechnology, foods and medicine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 80:1–14CrossRef Eriksen NT (2008) Production of phycocyanin—a pigment with applications in biology, biotechnology, foods and medicine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 80:1–14CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Fang YZ, Yang S, Wu GY (2002) Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition 18:872–879CrossRef Fang YZ, Yang S, Wu GY (2002) Free radicals, antioxidants, and nutrition. Nutrition 18:872–879CrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Fleurence J (1999) Seaweed proteins: biochemical, nutritional aspects and potential uses. Trends Food Sci Technol 10:25–28CrossRef Fleurence J (1999) Seaweed proteins: biochemical, nutritional aspects and potential uses. Trends Food Sci Technol 10:25–28CrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Food Safety Authority of Ireland (1999) Recommended dietary allowances for Ireland. Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin Food Safety Authority of Ireland (1999) Recommended dietary allowances for Ireland. Food Safety Authority of Ireland, Dublin
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Francavilla M, Trotta P, Luque R (2010) Phytosterols from Dunaliella tertiolecta and Duanliella salina: a potentially novel industrial application. Bioresour Technol 101:4144–4150CrossRef Francavilla M, Trotta P, Luque R (2010) Phytosterols from Dunaliella tertiolecta and Duanliella salina: a potentially novel industrial application. Bioresour Technol 101:4144–4150CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Fujiwara-Arasaki T, Mino N, Kuroda M (1984) The protein value in human nutrition of edible marine algae in Japan. Hydrobiologia 116(117):513–516CrossRef Fujiwara-Arasaki T, Mino N, Kuroda M (1984) The protein value in human nutrition of edible marine algae in Japan. Hydrobiologia 116(117):513–516CrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Galland-Irmouli AV, Fleurence J, Lamghari R, Luçon M, Rouxel C, Barbaroux O, Bronowicki JP, Vuillaume C, Guéant JL (1999) Nutritional value of proteins from edible seaweed Palmaria palmata (dulse). J Nutr Biochem 10:353–359CrossRef Galland-Irmouli AV, Fleurence J, Lamghari R, Luçon M, Rouxel C, Barbaroux O, Bronowicki JP, Vuillaume C, Guéant JL (1999) Nutritional value of proteins from edible seaweed Palmaria palmata (dulse). J Nutr Biochem 10:353–359CrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Ganesan P, Kumar CS, Bhaskar N (2008) Antioxidant properties of methanol extract and its solvent fractions obtained from selected Indian red seaweeds. Bioresour Technol 99:2717–2723CrossRef Ganesan P, Kumar CS, Bhaskar N (2008) Antioxidant properties of methanol extract and its solvent fractions obtained from selected Indian red seaweeds. Bioresour Technol 99:2717–2723CrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Geslain-Lanéelle C (2006) Summary report: EFSA Conference on Nutrition and Health Claims, 8-10 November 2006, Bologna, Italy ISBN: 978-92-9199-063-4 Geslain-Lanéelle C (2006) Summary report: EFSA Conference on Nutrition and Health Claims, 8-10 November 2006, Bologna, Italy ISBN: 978-92-9199-063-4
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Gilbert J, Şenyuva HZ (2008) Bioactive compounds in foods. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK. ISBN 978-1-4051-5875-6CrossRef Gilbert J, Şenyuva HZ (2008) Bioactive compounds in foods. Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Oxford, UK. ISBN 978-1-4051-5875-6CrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat González-Molina E, Domínguez-Perles R, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C (2010) Natural bioactive compounds of Cutrus limon for food and health. J Pharm Biomed Anal 51(2):327–345CrossRef González-Molina E, Domínguez-Perles R, Moreno DA, García-Viguera C (2010) Natural bioactive compounds of Cutrus limon for food and health. J Pharm Biomed Anal 51(2):327–345CrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Harada K, Osumi Y, Fukuda N, Amano H, Noda H (1990) Changes of amino acid composition of Nori Porphyra spp during storage. Nippon Suisan Gakk 56:606–612 Harada K, Osumi Y, Fukuda N, Amano H, Noda H (1990) Changes of amino acid composition of Nori Porphyra spp during storage. Nippon Suisan Gakk 56:606–612
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Hasler CM (2002) Functional foods: benefits, concerns and challenges—a position paper from the American Council on Science and Health. J Nutr 132:3772–3781 Hasler CM (2002) Functional foods: benefits, concerns and challenges—a position paper from the American Council on Science and Health. J Nutr 132:3772–3781
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayat S, Atta-ur-Rahman CMI, Khan KM, Abbaskhan A (2002) Two new cinnamic acid esters from marine brown alga Spatoglossum variabile. Chem Pharm Bull 50:1297–1299CrossRef Hayat S, Atta-ur-Rahman CMI, Khan KM, Abbaskhan A (2002) Two new cinnamic acid esters from marine brown alga Spatoglossum variabile. Chem Pharm Bull 50:1297–1299CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Heiba H, Al-Easa HS, Rizk AFM (1997) Fatty acid composition of twelve algae from the coastal zones of Qatar. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 51:27–34CrossRef Heiba H, Al-Easa HS, Rizk AFM (1997) Fatty acid composition of twelve algae from the coastal zones of Qatar. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 51:27–34CrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Hejazi MA, Andrysiewicx E, Tramper J, Wijffels RH (2003) Effect of mixing rate on beta-carotene production and extraction by Dunaliella salina in two-phase bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 84:591–596CrossRef Hejazi MA, Andrysiewicx E, Tramper J, Wijffels RH (2003) Effect of mixing rate on beta-carotene production and extraction by Dunaliella salina in two-phase bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 84:591–596CrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Hejazi MA, Kleinegris D, Wijffels RH (2004) Mechanism of extraction of β-carotene from microalga Dunaliella salina in two phase bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 88:593–600CrossRef Hejazi MA, Kleinegris D, Wijffels RH (2004) Mechanism of extraction of β-carotene from microalga Dunaliella salina in two phase bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 88:593–600CrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Hejazi MA, Holwerda E, Wijffels RH (2004) Milking microalga Dunaliella salina for bgr-carotene production in two-phase bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 85:475–481CrossRef Hejazi MA, Holwerda E, Wijffels RH (2004) Milking microalga Dunaliella salina for bgr-carotene production in two-phase bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 85:475–481CrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Heo SJ, Park PJ, Park EJ, Kim SK, Jon YJ (2005) Antioxidant activity of enzymatic extracts from a brown seaweed Ecklonia cava by electron spin resonance spectrometry and comet assay. Eur Food Res Technol 221:41–47CrossRef Heo SJ, Park PJ, Park EJ, Kim SK, Jon YJ (2005) Antioxidant activity of enzymatic extracts from a brown seaweed Ecklonia cava by electron spin resonance spectrometry and comet assay. Eur Food Res Technol 221:41–47CrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrero M, Ibáñez E, Señorans FJ, Cifuentes AJ (2004) Pressurized liquid extracts from Spirulina platensis microalga: determination of their antioxidant activity and preliminary analysis by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1047:195–203 Herrero M, Ibáñez E, Señorans FJ, Cifuentes AJ (2004) Pressurized liquid extracts from Spirulina platensis microalga: determination of their antioxidant activity and preliminary analysis by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1047:195–203
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrero M, Simó C, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A (2005) Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of Spirulina platensis proteins obtained by pressurized liquid extraction. Electrophoresis 26:4215–4224CrossRef Herrero M, Simó C, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A (2005) Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of Spirulina platensis proteins obtained by pressurized liquid extraction. Electrophoresis 26:4215–4224CrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrero M, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E (2006) Sub- and supercritical fluid extraction of functional ingredients from different natural sources: plants, food-by-products, algae and microalgae: a review. Food Chem 98:136–148CrossRef Herrero M, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E (2006) Sub- and supercritical fluid extraction of functional ingredients from different natural sources: plants, food-by-products, algae and microalgae: a review. Food Chem 98:136–148CrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrero M, Jaime L, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E (2006) Optimization of the extraction of antioxidants from Dunaliella salina microalga by pressurized liquids. J Agric Food Chem 54:5597–5603CrossRef Herrero M, Jaime L, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E (2006) Optimization of the extraction of antioxidants from Dunaliella salina microalga by pressurized liquids. J Agric Food Chem 54:5597–5603CrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrero M, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A, Reglero G, Santoyo S (2006) Dunaliella salina microalga pressurized liquid extracts as potential antimicrobials. J Food Prot 69:2471–2477 Herrero M, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A, Reglero G, Santoyo S (2006) Dunaliella salina microalga pressurized liquid extracts as potential antimicrobials. J Food Prot 69:2471–2477
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrero M, Vicente MJ, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E (2007) Characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the lipid fraction of Spirulina platensis pressurized ethanol extract. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 21:1729–1738CrossRef Herrero M, Vicente MJ, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E (2007) Characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry of the lipid fraction of Spirulina platensis pressurized ethanol extract. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 21:1729–1738CrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Hideki H, Yuto K (1997) Selective cytotoxicity of marine algae extracts to several human leukemic cell lines. Cytotechnology 25:213–219CrossRef Hideki H, Yuto K (1997) Selective cytotoxicity of marine algae extracts to several human leukemic cell lines. Cytotechnology 25:213–219CrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Horie Y, Sugase K, Horie K (1995) Physiological differences of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre fractions of brown algae and mushrooms in pepsin activity in vitro and protein digestibility. Asian Pacific J Clin Nutr 4:251–255 Horie Y, Sugase K, Horie K (1995) Physiological differences of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre fractions of brown algae and mushrooms in pepsin activity in vitro and protein digestibility. Asian Pacific J Clin Nutr 4:251–255
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Hosokawa M, Wanezaki S, Miyauchi K, Kurihara H, Kohno H, Kawabata J, Odashima S, Takahashi K (1999) Apoptosis inducing effect of fucoxanthin on human leukemia cell HL-60. Food Sci Technol Res 5:243–246CrossRef Hosokawa M, Wanezaki S, Miyauchi K, Kurihara H, Kohno H, Kawabata J, Odashima S, Takahashi K (1999) Apoptosis inducing effect of fucoxanthin on human leukemia cell HL-60. Food Sci Technol Res 5:243–246CrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Hosokawa M, Kudo M, Maeda H, Kohno H, Tanaka T, Myashita K (2004) Fucoxanthin induces apoptosis and enhances the antiproliferative effect of the PPAR ligand, troglitazone, on colon cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1675:113–119CrossRef Hosokawa M, Kudo M, Maeda H, Kohno H, Tanaka T, Myashita K (2004) Fucoxanthin induces apoptosis and enhances the antiproliferative effect of the PPAR ligand, troglitazone, on colon cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1675:113–119CrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang J, Wang J, Chen BL, Wang MZ, Liang SZ (2006) Isolation and purification of phycoerythrin from Porphyridium cruentum and its spectrum characteristics. J Plant Resour Environ 15:20–24 Huang J, Wang J, Chen BL, Wang MZ, Liang SZ (2006) Isolation and purification of phycoerythrin from Porphyridium cruentum and its spectrum characteristics. J Plant Resour Environ 15:20–24
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Huheihel M, Ishanu V, Tal J, Arad SM (2002) Activity of Porphyridium sp. polysaccharide against herpes simplex viruses in vitro and in vivo. J Biochem Biophys Methods 50:189–200CrossRef Huheihel M, Ishanu V, Tal J, Arad SM (2002) Activity of Porphyridium sp. polysaccharide against herpes simplex viruses in vitro and in vivo. J Biochem Biophys Methods 50:189–200CrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Iwashima M, Mori J, Ting X, Matsunaga T, Hayashi K, Shinoda D, Saito H, Sankawa U, Hayashi T (2005) Antioxidant and antiviral activities of plastoquinones from the brown alga Sargassum micracanthum, and a new chromene derivative converted from the plastoquinones. Biol Pharm Bull 28:374–377CrossRef Iwashima M, Mori J, Ting X, Matsunaga T, Hayashi K, Shinoda D, Saito H, Sankawa U, Hayashi T (2005) Antioxidant and antiviral activities of plastoquinones from the brown alga Sargassum micracanthum, and a new chromene derivative converted from the plastoquinones. Biol Pharm Bull 28:374–377CrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaime L, Mendiola JA, Herrero M et al (2005) Separation and characterization of antioxidants from Spirulina platensis microalga combining pressurized liquid extraction, TLC, and HPLC-DAD. J Sep Sci 28:2111–2119CrossRef Jaime L, Mendiola JA, Herrero M et al (2005) Separation and characterization of antioxidants from Spirulina platensis microalga combining pressurized liquid extraction, TLC, and HPLC-DAD. J Sep Sci 28:2111–2119CrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaime L, Mendiola JA, Ibañez E, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Cifuentes A, Reglero G, Señorans FJ (2007) Beta-carotene isomer composition of Dunaliella salina microalga sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide extracts. Antioxidant activity measurement. J Agric Food Chem 55:10585–10590CrossRef Jaime L, Mendiola JA, Ibañez E, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Cifuentes A, Reglero G, Señorans FJ (2007) Beta-carotene isomer composition of Dunaliella salina microalga sub- and supercritical carbon dioxide extracts. Antioxidant activity measurement. J Agric Food Chem 55:10585–10590CrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Jaime L, Rodríguez-Meizoso I, Cifuentes A, Santoyo S, Suarez S, Ibáñez E, Señorans F (2010) Pressurized liquids as an alternative process to antioxidant compounds extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae. LWT Food Sci Technol 43:105–112CrossRef Jaime L, Rodríguez-Meizoso I, Cifuentes A, Santoyo S, Suarez S, Ibáñez E, Señorans F (2010) Pressurized liquids as an alternative process to antioxidant compounds extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae. LWT Food Sci Technol 43:105–112CrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Jialal I, Traber M, Devaraj S (2001) Is there a vitamin E paradox? Curr Opin Lipidol 12:49–53CrossRef Jialal I, Traber M, Devaraj S (2001) Is there a vitamin E paradox? Curr Opin Lipidol 12:49–53CrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiang RA, Hay ME, Fairchild CR, Prudhomme J, Le Roch K, Aalbersberg W, Kubanek J (2008) Antineoplastic unsaturated fatty acids from Fijian macroalgae. Phytochemistry 69:2495–2500CrossRef Jiang RA, Hay ME, Fairchild CR, Prudhomme J, Le Roch K, Aalbersberg W, Kubanek J (2008) Antineoplastic unsaturated fatty acids from Fijian macroalgae. Phytochemistry 69:2495–2500CrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Jim JM, Lee J, Lee YW (2010) Characterization of carotenoids biosynthetic genes in the ascomycete Gibberella zeae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 302(2):197–202CrossRef Jim JM, Lee J, Lee YW (2010) Characterization of carotenoids biosynthetic genes in the ascomycete Gibberella zeae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 302(2):197–202CrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiménez-Escrig A, Goñi I (1999) Evaluación nutricional y efectos fisiológucos de macroalgas marinas comestibles. Arch Latinoam Nutr 49:114–120 Jiménez-Escrig A, Goñi I (1999) Evaluación nutricional y efectos fisiológucos de macroalgas marinas comestibles. Arch Latinoam Nutr 49:114–120
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Jiménez-Escrig A, Sánchez-Muniz FJ (2000) Dietary fibre from edible seaweeds: chemical structure physicochemical properties and effects on cholesterol metabolism. Nutr Res 20:585–598CrossRef Jiménez-Escrig A, Sánchez-Muniz FJ (2000) Dietary fibre from edible seaweeds: chemical structure physicochemical properties and effects on cholesterol metabolism. Nutr Res 20:585–598CrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson S (2000) The possible role of gradual accumulation of copper, cadmium, lead and iron and gradual depletion of zinc, magnesium, selenium, vitamins B2, B6, D and E and essential fatty acids in multiple sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 55:239–241CrossRef Johnson S (2000) The possible role of gradual accumulation of copper, cadmium, lead and iron and gradual depletion of zinc, magnesium, selenium, vitamins B2, B6, D and E and essential fatty acids in multiple sclerosis. Med Hypotheses 55:239–241CrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamath BS, Srikanta BM, Dharmesh SM, Sarada R, Ravishankar GA (2008) Ulcer preventive and antioxidative properties of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Eur J Pharmacol 590:387–395CrossRef Kamath BS, Srikanta BM, Dharmesh SM, Sarada R, Ravishankar GA (2008) Ulcer preventive and antioxidative properties of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Eur J Pharmacol 590:387–395CrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Kang CD, Sim SJ (2007) Selective extraction of free astaxanthin from Haematococcus culture using a tandem organic solvent system. Biotechnol Prog 23:866–871 Kang CD, Sim SJ (2007) Selective extraction of free astaxanthin from Haematococcus culture using a tandem organic solvent system. Biotechnol Prog 23:866–871
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Kang CD, Sim SJ (2008) Direct extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus culture using vegetable oils. Biotechnol Lett 30:441–444CrossRef Kang CD, Sim SJ (2008) Direct extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus culture using vegetable oils. Biotechnol Lett 30:441–444CrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Kapetanovic R, Sladic D, Popov S, Zlatovic M, Kljajic Z, Gasic MJ (2005) Sterol composition of the Adriatic sea algae Ulva lactuca, Codium dichotonium, Cystoseira adriatica and Fucus virsoides. J Serb Chem Soc 70:1395–1400CrossRef Kapetanovic R, Sladic D, Popov S, Zlatovic M, Kljajic Z, Gasic MJ (2005) Sterol composition of the Adriatic sea algae Ulva lactuca, Codium dichotonium, Cystoseira adriatica and Fucus virsoides. J Serb Chem Soc 70:1395–1400CrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Katircioğlu H, Akin BS, Atici T (2004) Microalgal toxin(s): characteristics and importance. Afr J Biotechnol 3:667–674 Katircioğlu H, Akin BS, Atici T (2004) Microalgal toxin(s): characteristics and importance. Afr J Biotechnol 3:667–674
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Kazłowska K, Hsu T, Hou CC, Yang WC, Tsai GJ (2010) Anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic compounds and crude extract from Porphyra dentate. J Ethnopharmacol 128:123–130CrossRef Kazłowska K, Hsu T, Hou CC, Yang WC, Tsai GJ (2010) Anti-inflammatory properties of phenolic compounds and crude extract from Porphyra dentate. J Ethnopharmacol 128:123–130CrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Khotimchenko SV (1991) Fatty acid composition of seven Sargassum species. Phytochemistry 30:2639–2641CrossRef Khotimchenko SV (1991) Fatty acid composition of seven Sargassum species. Phytochemistry 30:2639–2641CrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim YH, Kim EH, Lee C, Kim MH, Rho JR (2007) Two new monogalactosyl diacylglycerols from brown alga Sargassum thunbergii. Lipids 42:395–399CrossRef Kim YH, Kim EH, Lee C, Kim MH, Rho JR (2007) Two new monogalactosyl diacylglycerols from brown alga Sargassum thunbergii. Lipids 42:395–399CrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitada K, Machmudah S, Sasaki M, Goto M, Nakashima Y, Kumamoto S, Hasegawa T (2009) Supercritical CO2 extraction of pigment components with pharmaceutical importance from Chlorella vulgaris. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 84:657–661CrossRef Kitada K, Machmudah S, Sasaki M, Goto M, Nakashima Y, Kumamoto S, Hasegawa T (2009) Supercritical CO2 extraction of pigment components with pharmaceutical importance from Chlorella vulgaris. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 84:657–661CrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitamura K, Matsuo M, Yasui T (1991) Fucoidan from brown seaweed Laminaria angusta var longissima. Agric Biol Chem 55:615–616CrossRef Kitamura K, Matsuo M, Yasui T (1991) Fucoidan from brown seaweed Laminaria angusta var longissima. Agric Biol Chem 55:615–616CrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Kleinegris D, Wijffels RH (2004) Mechanism of extraction of b-carotene from microalga Dunaliellea salina in two-phase bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 88:593–600CrossRef Kleinegris D, Wijffels RH (2004) Mechanism of extraction of b-carotene from microalga Dunaliellea salina in two-phase bioreactors. Biotechnol Bioeng 88:593–600CrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Klejdus B, Kopecky J, Benesova L, Vacek J (2009) Solid-phase/supercritical-fluid extraction for liquid chromatography of phenolic compounds in freshwater microalgae and selected cyanobacterial species. J Chromatogr A 1216:763–771CrossRef Klejdus B, Kopecky J, Benesova L, Vacek J (2009) Solid-phase/supercritical-fluid extraction for liquid chromatography of phenolic compounds in freshwater microalgae and selected cyanobacterial species. J Chromatogr A 1216:763–771CrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Konishi T, Yamazoe K, Kanzato M, Konoshima T, Fujiwara Y (2003) Three diterpenoids (excoecarins V1-V3) and a flavanone glycoside from the fresh stem of Excoecaria agallocha. Chem Pharm Bull 51:1142–1146CrossRef Konishi T, Yamazoe K, Kanzato M, Konoshima T, Fujiwara Y (2003) Three diterpenoids (excoecarins V1-V3) and a flavanone glycoside from the fresh stem of Excoecaria agallocha. Chem Pharm Bull 51:1142–1146CrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Kotate-Nara E, Kushiro M, Zhang H, Sagawara T, Miyashita K, Nagao A (2001) Carotenoids affect proliferation of human prostate cancer cells. J Nutr 131:3303–3306 Kotate-Nara E, Kushiro M, Zhang H, Sagawara T, Miyashita K, Nagao A (2001) Carotenoids affect proliferation of human prostate cancer cells. J Nutr 131:3303–3306
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Krichnavaruk S, Shotipruk A, Goto M, Pavasant P (2008) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with vegetable oils as co-solvent. Bioresour Technol 99:5556–5560CrossRef Krichnavaruk S, Shotipruk A, Goto M, Pavasant P (2008) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with vegetable oils as co-solvent. Bioresour Technol 99:5556–5560CrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar CS, Ganesan P, Suresh PV, Bhaskar N (2008) Seaweeds as a source of nutritionally beneficial compounds—a review. J Food Sci Technol 45:1–13 Kumar CS, Ganesan P, Suresh PV, Bhaskar N (2008) Seaweeds as a source of nutritionally beneficial compounds—a review. J Food Sci Technol 45:1–13
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Laturnus F (2001) Marine macroalgae in polar regions as natural sources for volatile organohalogens. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 8:103–108CrossRef Laturnus F (2001) Marine macroalgae in polar regions as natural sources for volatile organohalogens. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 8:103–108CrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee SH, Athukorala Y (2008) Simple separation of anticoagulant sulfates galactan from marine red algae. J Appl Phycol 20:1053–1059CrossRef Lee SH, Athukorala Y (2008) Simple separation of anticoagulant sulfates galactan from marine red algae. J Appl Phycol 20:1053–1059CrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee JB, Hayashi K, Hashimoto M, Nakano T, Hayashi T (2004) Novel antiviral fucoidan from sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida (Mekabu). Chem Pharm Bull 52:1091–1094CrossRef Lee JB, Hayashi K, Hashimoto M, Nakano T, Hayashi T (2004) Novel antiviral fucoidan from sporophyll of Undaria pinnatifida (Mekabu). Chem Pharm Bull 52:1091–1094CrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Li B, Xin JW, Sun JL, Xu SY (2006) Structural investigation of a fucoidan containing a fucose-free core from the brown seaweed Hizikia fusiforme. Carbohydr Res 341:1135–1146CrossRef Li B, Xin JW, Sun JL, Xu SY (2006) Structural investigation of a fucoidan containing a fucose-free core from the brown seaweed Hizikia fusiforme. Carbohydr Res 341:1135–1146CrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Li B, Lu F, Wei X, Zhao R (2008) Fucoidan: structure and bioactivity. Molecules 13:1671–1695CrossRef Li B, Lu F, Wei X, Zhao R (2008) Fucoidan: structure and bioactivity. Molecules 13:1671–1695CrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Mabeau S, Fleurence J (1993) Seaweed in food products: biochemical and nutritional aspects. Trends Food Sci Technol 4:103–107CrossRef Mabeau S, Fleurence J (1993) Seaweed in food products: biochemical and nutritional aspects. Trends Food Sci Technol 4:103–107CrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat MacArtain P, Gill CIR, Brooks M, Campbell R, Rowland IR (2007) Nutritional value of edible seaweeds. Nutr Rev 65:535–543CrossRef MacArtain P, Gill CIR, Brooks M, Campbell R, Rowland IR (2007) Nutritional value of edible seaweeds. Nutr Rev 65:535–543CrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Macias-Sanchez MD, Serrano CM, Rodriguez MR, Martinez de la Ossa E (2009) Kinetics of the supercritical fluid extraction of carotenoids from microalgae with CO2 and ethanol as cosolvent. Chem Eng J 150:104–113CrossRef Macias-Sanchez MD, Serrano CM, Rodriguez MR, Martinez de la Ossa E (2009) Kinetics of the supercritical fluid extraction of carotenoids from microalgae with CO2 and ethanol as cosolvent. Chem Eng J 150:104–113CrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Macias-Sanchez MD, Mantell C, Rodriguez M, Martinez de la Ossa E, Lubian LM, Montero O (2009) Comparison of supercritical fluid and ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll a from Dunaliella salina. Talanta 77:948–952CrossRef Macias-Sanchez MD, Mantell C, Rodriguez M, Martinez de la Ossa E, Lubian LM, Montero O (2009) Comparison of supercritical fluid and ultrasound-assisted extraction of carotenoids and chlorophyll a from Dunaliella salina. Talanta 77:948–952CrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Sashima T, Funayama K, Miyashita K (2005) Fucoxanthin from edible seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, shows antiobesity effect through UCP1 expression in white adipose tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 332:392–397CrossRef Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Sashima T, Funayama K, Miyashita K (2005) Fucoxanthin from edible seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida, shows antiobesity effect through UCP1 expression in white adipose tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 332:392–397CrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Sashima T, Miyashita K (2007) Dietary combination of fucoxanthin and fish oil attenuates the weight gain of white adipose tissue and decreases blood glucose in obese/diabetic KK-Ay mice. J Agric Food Chem 55:7701–7706CrossRef Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Sashima T, Miyashita K (2007) Dietary combination of fucoxanthin and fish oil attenuates the weight gain of white adipose tissue and decreases blood glucose in obese/diabetic KK-Ay mice. J Agric Food Chem 55:7701–7706CrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsui MS, Muizzuddin N, Arad S, Marenus K (2003) Sulfated polysaccharides from red microalgae have antiinflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 104:13–22CrossRef Matsui MS, Muizzuddin N, Arad S, Marenus K (2003) Sulfated polysaccharides from red microalgae have antiinflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 104:13–22CrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsumoto N, Endo Y, Fujimoto K, Koike S, Matsumoto W (2001) The inhibitory effect of conjugated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of human cancer cell lines. Tohoku J Agric Res 52:1–12 Matsumoto N, Endo Y, Fujimoto K, Koike S, Matsumoto W (2001) The inhibitory effect of conjugated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of human cancer cell lines. Tohoku J Agric Res 52:1–12
103.
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayer AMS, Lehmann VKS (2001) Marine pharmacology in 1999: antitumor and cytotoxic compounds. Anticancer Res 21:2489–2500 Mayer AMS, Lehmann VKS (2001) Marine pharmacology in 1999: antitumor and cytotoxic compounds. Anticancer Res 21:2489–2500
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD, Berlinck RGS, Hamann MT (2009) Marine pharmacology in 2005–6: marine compounds with antihelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities, affecting the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Biochim Biophys Acta 1790:283–308CrossRef Mayer AMS, Rodríguez AD, Berlinck RGS, Hamann MT (2009) Marine pharmacology in 2005–6: marine compounds with antihelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities, affecting the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action. Biochim Biophys Acta 1790:283–308CrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendes RL, Nobre BP, Carodoso MT, Pereira AP, Palavra AF (2003) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of compounds with pharmaceutical importance from microalgae. Inorg Chim Acta 356:328–334CrossRef Mendes RL, Nobre BP, Carodoso MT, Pereira AP, Palavra AF (2003) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of compounds with pharmaceutical importance from microalgae. Inorg Chim Acta 356:328–334CrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendiola JA, Marín FR, Hernández SF, Arredondo BO, Señoráns FJ, Ibañez E, Reglero G (2005) Characterization via liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry of supercritical fluid antioxidant extracts of Spirulina platensis microalga. J Sep Sci 28:1031–1038CrossRef Mendiola JA, Marín FR, Hernández SF, Arredondo BO, Señoráns FJ, Ibañez E, Reglero G (2005) Characterization via liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometry of supercritical fluid antioxidant extracts of Spirulina platensis microalga. J Sep Sci 28:1031–1038CrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendiola JA, Herrero M, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E (2007) Use of compressed fluids for sample preparation: food applications. J Chromatogr A 1152:234–246CrossRef Mendiola JA, Herrero M, Cifuentes A, Ibáñez E (2007) Use of compressed fluids for sample preparation: food applications. J Chromatogr A 1152:234–246CrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendiola JA, Jaime L, Santoyo S, Reglero G, Cifuentes A, Ibañez E, Señoráns FJ (2007) Screening of functional compounds in supercritical fluid extracts from Spirulina platensis. Food Chem 102:1357–1367CrossRef Mendiola JA, Jaime L, Santoyo S, Reglero G, Cifuentes A, Ibañez E, Señoráns FJ (2007) Screening of functional compounds in supercritical fluid extracts from Spirulina platensis. Food Chem 102:1357–1367CrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendiola JA, García-Martínez D, Rupérez FJ, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Reglero G, Cifuentes A, Barbas C, Ibañez E, Señoráns FJ (2008) Enrichment of vitamin E from Spirulina platensis microalga by SFE. J Supercrit Fluids 43:484–489CrossRef Mendiola JA, García-Martínez D, Rupérez FJ, Martín-Álvarez PJ, Reglero G, Cifuentes A, Barbas C, Ibañez E, Señoráns FJ (2008) Enrichment of vitamin E from Spirulina platensis microalga by SFE. J Supercrit Fluids 43:484–489CrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Mendiola JA, Santoyo S, Cifuentes A, Reglero G, Ibáñez E, Señoráns FJ (2008) Antimicrobial activity of sub- and supercritical CO2 extracts of the green alga Dunaliella salina. J Food Prot 71:2138–2143 Mendiola JA, Santoyo S, Cifuentes A, Reglero G, Ibáñez E, Señoráns FJ (2008) Antimicrobial activity of sub- and supercritical CO2 extracts of the green alga Dunaliella salina. J Food Prot 71:2138–2143
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Metting FB Jr (1996) Biodiversity and application of microalgae. J Ind Microbiol 17:477–489CrossRef Metting FB Jr (1996) Biodiversity and application of microalgae. J Ind Microbiol 17:477–489CrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Miao X, Wu Q (2006) Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil. Bioresour Technol 97:841–846CrossRef Miao X, Wu Q (2006) Biodiesel production from heterotrophic microalgal oil. Bioresour Technol 97:841–846CrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller HE (1971) A simplified method for the evaluation of antioxidants. J Am Oil Chem Sci 45:91–95CrossRef Miller HE (1971) A simplified method for the evaluation of antioxidants. J Am Oil Chem Sci 45:91–95CrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller NJ, Rice-Evans C, Davies MJ et al (1993) A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonants. Clin Sci 26:265–277 Miller NJ, Rice-Evans C, Davies MJ et al (1993) A novel method for measuring antioxidant capacity and its application to monitoring the antioxidant status in premature neonants. Clin Sci 26:265–277
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Mišurcová L, Stratilová I, Kráčmar S (2009) Mineral contents in food products from freshwater algae and seaweed. Chem Listy 103:1027–1033 Mišurcová L, Stratilová I, Kráčmar S (2009) Mineral contents in food products from freshwater algae and seaweed. Chem Listy 103:1027–1033
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitrovic SM, Pflugmacher S, James KJ, Furey A (2004) Anatoxin-a elicits an increase in peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activity in aquatic plants. Aquat Toxicol 68:185–192CrossRef Mitrovic SM, Pflugmacher S, James KJ, Furey A (2004) Anatoxin-a elicits an increase in peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activity in aquatic plants. Aquat Toxicol 68:185–192CrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Mojaat M, Pruvost J, Focault A, Legrand J (2008) Effect of organic carbon sources and Fe2+ ions on growth and b-carotene accumulation by Dunaliella salina. Biochem Eng J 39:177–184CrossRef Mojaat M, Pruvost J, Focault A, Legrand J (2008) Effect of organic carbon sources and Fe2+ ions on growth and b-carotene accumulation by Dunaliella salina. Biochem Eng J 39:177–184CrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Moliné M, Libkind D, del Carmen DM, van Broock M (2009) Photoprotective role of carotenoids in yeast: response to Uv-B of pigmented and naturally-occurring albino strains. J Photochem Photobiol B 95(3):156–161CrossRef Moliné M, Libkind D, del Carmen DM, van Broock M (2009) Photoprotective role of carotenoids in yeast: response to Uv-B of pigmented and naturally-occurring albino strains. J Photochem Photobiol B 95(3):156–161CrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Moreno P, Petkov G, Ramazanov Z, Garsia G (1998) Lipids, fatty acids and sterols of Cystoseira abies-marina. Bot Mar 41:375–378CrossRef Moreno P, Petkov G, Ramazanov Z, Garsia G (1998) Lipids, fatty acids and sterols of Cystoseira abies-marina. Bot Mar 41:375–378CrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Morgan KC, Wright JLC, Simpson FJ (1980) Review of chemical constituents of the alga Palmaria palmata (Dulse). Econ Bot 34:27–50CrossRef Morgan KC, Wright JLC, Simpson FJ (1980) Review of chemical constituents of the alga Palmaria palmata (Dulse). Econ Bot 34:27–50CrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrice LM, MacLean MW, Long WF, Williamson FB (1983) Phorphyran primary structure. Eur J Biochem 133:673–684CrossRef Morrice LM, MacLean MW, Long WF, Williamson FB (1983) Phorphyran primary structure. Eur J Biochem 133:673–684CrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat Muñoz R, Guieysse B (2006) Algal–bacterial processes for the treatment of hazardous contaminants: a review. Water Res 40:2799–2815CrossRef Muñoz R, Guieysse B (2006) Algal–bacterial processes for the treatment of hazardous contaminants: a review. Water Res 40:2799–2815CrossRef
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Murakami N, Morimoto T, Ueda T, Nagai SI, Sakakibara J, Yamada N (1992) Release of monogalactosyl diacylglycerols from cyanobacterium, Phormidium tenue, into its growth medium. Phytochemistry 31:3043–3044CrossRef Murakami N, Morimoto T, Ueda T, Nagai SI, Sakakibara J, Yamada N (1992) Release of monogalactosyl diacylglycerols from cyanobacterium, Phormidium tenue, into its growth medium. Phytochemistry 31:3043–3044CrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Narayan B, Miyashita K, Hosakawa M (2005) Comparative evaluation of fatty acid composition of different Sargassum (Fucales, Phaeophyta) species harvested from temperate and tropical waters. J Aquat Food Prod Technol 13:53–70CrossRef Narayan B, Miyashita K, Hosakawa M (2005) Comparative evaluation of fatty acid composition of different Sargassum (Fucales, Phaeophyta) species harvested from temperate and tropical waters. J Aquat Food Prod Technol 13:53–70CrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Nisizawa K, Noda H, Kikuchi R, Watanabe T (1987) The main seaweed foods in Japan. Hydrobiology 151(152):5–29CrossRef Nisizawa K, Noda H, Kikuchi R, Watanabe T (1987) The main seaweed foods in Japan. Hydrobiology 151(152):5–29CrossRef
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Nobre B, Marcelo F, Passos R, Beiráo L, Palabra A, Gouveia L, Mendes R (2006) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin and other carotenoids from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Eur Foods Technol 223:787–790CrossRef Nobre B, Marcelo F, Passos R, Beiráo L, Palabra A, Gouveia L, Mendes R (2006) Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin and other carotenoids from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Eur Foods Technol 223:787–790CrossRef
128.
Zurück zum Zitat Noda H (1993) Health benefits and nutritional properties of nori. J Appl Phycol 5:255–258CrossRef Noda H (1993) Health benefits and nutritional properties of nori. J Appl Phycol 5:255–258CrossRef
129.
Zurück zum Zitat Norton TA, Melkonian M, Andersen RA (1996) Algal biodiversity. Phycologia 35:308–326CrossRef Norton TA, Melkonian M, Andersen RA (1996) Algal biodiversity. Phycologia 35:308–326CrossRef
130.
Zurück zum Zitat Okai Y, Higashi-Okai K (1996) Possible immonomodulating activities of carotenoids in in vitro cell culture experiments. Int J Immunopharmacol 18(2):753–758CrossRef Okai Y, Higashi-Okai K (1996) Possible immonomodulating activities of carotenoids in in vitro cell culture experiments. Int J Immunopharmacol 18(2):753–758CrossRef
131.
Zurück zum Zitat Olaizola M (2003) Commercial development of microalgal biotechnology: from the test tube to the marketplace. J Biomol Eng 20:459–466CrossRef Olaizola M (2003) Commercial development of microalgal biotechnology: from the test tube to the marketplace. J Biomol Eng 20:459–466CrossRef
132.
Zurück zum Zitat Onofrejová L, Vašíčková J, Klejdus B, Stratil P, Mišurcová L, Kráčmar S, Kopecký J, Vacek J (2010) Bioactive phenols in algae: the application of pressurized-liquid and solid-phase extraction techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 51:464–470CrossRef Onofrejová L, Vašíčková J, Klejdus B, Stratil P, Mišurcová L, Kráčmar S, Kopecký J, Vacek J (2010) Bioactive phenols in algae: the application of pressurized-liquid and solid-phase extraction techniques. J Pharm Biomed Anal 51:464–470CrossRef
133.
Zurück zum Zitat Ortiz J, Romero N, Robert P, Araya J, Lopez-Hernandez J, Bozzo C, Navarrete E, Osorio A, Rios A (2006) Dietary fibre, amino acid, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of the edible seaweeds Ulva lactuca and Durvillaea antartica. Food Chem 99:98–104CrossRef Ortiz J, Romero N, Robert P, Araya J, Lopez-Hernandez J, Bozzo C, Navarrete E, Osorio A, Rios A (2006) Dietary fibre, amino acid, fatty acid and tocopherol contents of the edible seaweeds Ulva lactuca and Durvillaea antartica. Food Chem 99:98–104CrossRef
134.
Zurück zum Zitat Orús MI, Marco E, Martínez F (1991) Suitability of Chlorella vulgaris UAM 101 for heterotrophic biomass production. Bioresour Technol 38:179–184CrossRef Orús MI, Marco E, Martínez F (1991) Suitability of Chlorella vulgaris UAM 101 for heterotrophic biomass production. Bioresour Technol 38:179–184CrossRef
135.
Zurück zum Zitat Osumi Y, Kawai M, Amano H, Noda H (1998) Antitumor activity of oligosaccharides derived from Porphyra yezoensis porphyran. Nippon Suisan Gakk 64:847–853CrossRef Osumi Y, Kawai M, Amano H, Noda H (1998) Antitumor activity of oligosaccharides derived from Porphyra yezoensis porphyran. Nippon Suisan Gakk 64:847–853CrossRef
136.
Zurück zum Zitat Ota M, Watanabe H, Kato Y, Watanabe M, Sato Y, Smith RL, Inomata H (2009) Fatty acid production from a highly CO2 tolerant alga, Chlorocuccum littorale, in the presence of inorganic carbon and nitrate. J Sep Sci 32:2327–2335CrossRef Ota M, Watanabe H, Kato Y, Watanabe M, Sato Y, Smith RL, Inomata H (2009) Fatty acid production from a highly CO2 tolerant alga, Chlorocuccum littorale, in the presence of inorganic carbon and nitrate. J Sep Sci 32:2327–2335CrossRef
137.
Zurück zum Zitat Parys S, Rosenbaum A, Kehraus S, Reher G, Glombitza KW, König GM (2007) Evaluation of quantitative methods for the determination of polyphenols in algal extracts. J Nat Prod 70:1865–1870CrossRef Parys S, Rosenbaum A, Kehraus S, Reher G, Glombitza KW, König GM (2007) Evaluation of quantitative methods for the determination of polyphenols in algal extracts. J Nat Prod 70:1865–1870CrossRef
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Patil G, Chethana S, Madhusudhan MC, Raghavarao KSMS (2008) Fractionation and purification of the phycobiliproteins from Spirulina platensis. Bioresour Technol 99:7393–7396CrossRef Patil G, Chethana S, Madhusudhan MC, Raghavarao KSMS (2008) Fractionation and purification of the phycobiliproteins from Spirulina platensis. Bioresour Technol 99:7393–7396CrossRef
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Pengzhan Y, Ning L, Xiguang L, Gefei Z, Quanbin Z, Pengcheng L (2003) Antihyperlipidemic effects of different molecular weight sulphated polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta). Pharmacol Res 48:543–549CrossRef Pengzhan Y, Ning L, Xiguang L, Gefei Z, Quanbin Z, Pengcheng L (2003) Antihyperlipidemic effects of different molecular weight sulphated polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta). Pharmacol Res 48:543–549CrossRef
140.
Zurück zum Zitat Pernet F, Trembay R (2003) Effect of ultrasonication and crushing on lipid class extraction efficiency of filter harvested planktonic samples depending on volume and storage duration. Lipids 38:1191–1195CrossRef Pernet F, Trembay R (2003) Effect of ultrasonication and crushing on lipid class extraction efficiency of filter harvested planktonic samples depending on volume and storage duration. Lipids 38:1191–1195CrossRef
141.
Zurück zum Zitat Plaza M, Cifuentes A, Ibañez E (2008) In the search of new functional food ingredients from algae. Trends Food Sci Technol 19:31–39CrossRef Plaza M, Cifuentes A, Ibañez E (2008) In the search of new functional food ingredients from algae. Trends Food Sci Technol 19:31–39CrossRef
142.
Zurück zum Zitat Plaza M, Herrero M, Cifuentes A, Ibañez E (2009) Innovative natural functional ingredients from microalgae. J Agric Food Chem 57:7159–7170CrossRef Plaza M, Herrero M, Cifuentes A, Ibañez E (2009) Innovative natural functional ingredients from microalgae. J Agric Food Chem 57:7159–7170CrossRef
143.
Zurück zum Zitat Plaza M, Santoyo S, Jaime L, Garcia-Blairsy G, Herrero M, Señorans FJ, Ibáñez E (2010) Screening for bioactive compounds from algae. J Pharm Biomed Anal 51:450–455CrossRef Plaza M, Santoyo S, Jaime L, Garcia-Blairsy G, Herrero M, Señorans FJ, Ibáñez E (2010) Screening for bioactive compounds from algae. J Pharm Biomed Anal 51:450–455CrossRef
144.
Zurück zum Zitat Pomin VH (2010) Structural and functional insights into sulphated galactans: a systematic review. Glycoconj J 27:1–12CrossRef Pomin VH (2010) Structural and functional insights into sulphated galactans: a systematic review. Glycoconj J 27:1–12CrossRef
145.
Zurück zum Zitat Pomin VH, Mourao PA (2008) Structure, biology, evolution, and medical importance of sulphated fucans and galactans. Glycobiology 18:1016–1027CrossRef Pomin VH, Mourao PA (2008) Structure, biology, evolution, and medical importance of sulphated fucans and galactans. Glycobiology 18:1016–1027CrossRef
146.
Zurück zum Zitat Ponce NMA, Pujol CA, Damonte EB (2003) Fucoidans from the brown seaweed Adenocytis utricularis: extraction methods, antiviral activity and structural studies. Carbohydr Res 338:153–165CrossRef Ponce NMA, Pujol CA, Damonte EB (2003) Fucoidans from the brown seaweed Adenocytis utricularis: extraction methods, antiviral activity and structural studies. Carbohydr Res 338:153–165CrossRef
147.
Zurück zum Zitat Prior RL, Cao G (1999) In vivo total antioxidant capacity: comparison of different analytical methods. Free Radic Biol Med 27:1173–1181CrossRef Prior RL, Cao G (1999) In vivo total antioxidant capacity: comparison of different analytical methods. Free Radic Biol Med 27:1173–1181CrossRef
148.
Zurück zum Zitat Qi H, Zhang Q, Zhao T, Chen R, Zhang H, Niu X, Li Z (2005) Antioxidant activity of different sulphate content derivatives of polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa Kjellm (Chlorophyta). J Appl Phycol 17:527–534CrossRef Qi H, Zhang Q, Zhao T, Chen R, Zhang H, Niu X, Li Z (2005) Antioxidant activity of different sulphate content derivatives of polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa Kjellm (Chlorophyta). J Appl Phycol 17:527–534CrossRef
149.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramazanov Z, Jimenez del Rio M, Ziegenfuss T (2003) Sulphated polysaccharides of brown seaweed Cystoseira canariensis bind to serum myostatin protein. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 27:101–106 Ramazanov Z, Jimenez del Rio M, Ziegenfuss T (2003) Sulphated polysaccharides of brown seaweed Cystoseira canariensis bind to serum myostatin protein. Acta Physiol Pharmacol Bulg 27:101–106
150.
Zurück zum Zitat Rao AR, Sarada R, Ravishankar A (2007) Stabilization of astaxanthin in edible oils and its use as an antioxidant. J Sci Food Agric 87:957–965CrossRef Rao AR, Sarada R, Ravishankar A (2007) Stabilization of astaxanthin in edible oils and its use as an antioxidant. J Sci Food Agric 87:957–965CrossRef
151.
Zurück zum Zitat Riccioni G, Mancini B, Di Ilio E, Bucciarelli T, D’Orazio N (2008) Protective effect of lycopene in cardiovascular disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 12:183–190 Riccioni G, Mancini B, Di Ilio E, Bucciarelli T, D’Orazio N (2008) Protective effect of lycopene in cardiovascular disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 12:183–190
152.
Zurück zum Zitat Ródenas de la Rocha S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Gómez-Juaristi M, Marín MTL (2009) Trace elements determination in edible seaweeds by an optimized and validated ICP-MS method. J Food Compos Anal 22:330–336CrossRef Ródenas de la Rocha S, Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Gómez-Juaristi M, Marín MTL (2009) Trace elements determination in edible seaweeds by an optimized and validated ICP-MS method. J Food Compos Anal 22:330–336CrossRef
153.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Castro de Ron C, López-Hernández J, Lage-Yusty MA (2004) Determination of folates in seaweeds by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1032:135–139CrossRef Rodríguez-Bernaldo de Quirós A, Castro de Ron C, López-Hernández J, Lage-Yusty MA (2004) Determination of folates in seaweeds by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1032:135–139CrossRef
154.
Zurück zum Zitat Roginsky V, Lissi EA (2005) Review of methods to determine chain-breaking antioxidant activity in food. Food Chem 92:235–254CrossRef Roginsky V, Lissi EA (2005) Review of methods to determine chain-breaking antioxidant activity in food. Food Chem 92:235–254CrossRef
155.
Zurück zum Zitat Roginsky V, Barsukova T, Hsu CF, Kilmartin PA (2003) Chain-breaking antioxidant activity and cyclic voltammetry characterization of polyphenols in a range of green, oolong and black teas. J Agric Food Chem 51:5798–5802CrossRef Roginsky V, Barsukova T, Hsu CF, Kilmartin PA (2003) Chain-breaking antioxidant activity and cyclic voltammetry characterization of polyphenols in a range of green, oolong and black teas. J Agric Food Chem 51:5798–5802CrossRef
156.
Zurück zum Zitat Romay CH, González R, Ledón N, Remirez D, Rimbau V (2003) C-phycocyanin, a biliprotein with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Curr Protein Pept Sci 4:207–216CrossRef Romay CH, González R, Ledón N, Remirez D, Rimbau V (2003) C-phycocyanin, a biliprotein with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Curr Protein Pept Sci 4:207–216CrossRef
157.
Zurück zum Zitat Sabhashini J, Mahipal SVK, Reddy MC, Reddy M, Rachamallu A, Reddanna P (2004) Molecular mechanisms in C-phycocyanin induced apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line-K562. Biochem Pharmacol 68:453–462CrossRef Sabhashini J, Mahipal SVK, Reddy MC, Reddy M, Rachamallu A, Reddanna P (2004) Molecular mechanisms in C-phycocyanin induced apoptosis in human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line-K562. Biochem Pharmacol 68:453–462CrossRef
158.
Zurück zum Zitat Sachindra NM, Sato E, Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Niwano Y, Kohno M, Miyashita K (2007) Radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching activity of marine carotenoid fucoxanthin and its metabolites. J Agric Food Chem 55:8516–8522CrossRef Sachindra NM, Sato E, Maeda H, Hosokawa M, Niwano Y, Kohno M, Miyashita K (2007) Radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching activity of marine carotenoid fucoxanthin and its metabolites. J Agric Food Chem 55:8516–8522CrossRef
159.
Zurück zum Zitat Sajilata MG, Singhal RS, Kamat MYJ (2008) Supercritical CO2 extraction of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) from Spirulina platensis ARM 740 using response surface methodology. Food Eng 84:321–326CrossRef Sajilata MG, Singhal RS, Kamat MYJ (2008) Supercritical CO2 extraction of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) from Spirulina platensis ARM 740 using response surface methodology. Food Eng 84:321–326CrossRef
160.
Zurück zum Zitat Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P (2002) High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of α-tocopherol in macroalgae. J Chromatogr A 976:277–284CrossRef Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P (2002) High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of α-tocopherol in macroalgae. J Chromatogr A 976:277–284CrossRef
161.
Zurück zum Zitat Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P (2004) Fatty acids, total lipid, protein and ash contents of processed edible seaweeds. Food Chem 85:439–444CrossRef Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P (2004) Fatty acids, total lipid, protein and ash contents of processed edible seaweeds. Food Chem 85:439–444CrossRef
162.
Zurück zum Zitat Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P, López-Cervantes J (2004) An HPLC method for the quantification of sterols in edible seaweeds. Biomed Chromatogr 18:183–190CrossRef Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P, López-Cervantes J (2004) An HPLC method for the quantification of sterols in edible seaweeds. Biomed Chromatogr 18:183–190CrossRef
163.
Zurück zum Zitat Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P (2004) Simultaneous determination of thyamine and riboflavin in edible marine seaweeds by high-performance liquid-chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 42:117–120 Sánchez-Machado DI, López-Cervantes J, López-Hernández J, Paseiro-Losada P (2004) Simultaneous determination of thyamine and riboflavin in edible marine seaweeds by high-performance liquid-chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 42:117–120
164.
Zurück zum Zitat Sánchez Mirón A, Cerón García MC, Contreras Gómez A, García Camacho F, Molina Grima E, Chisti Y (2003) Shear stress tolerance and biochemical characterization of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in quasi steady-state continuous culture in outdoor photobioreactors. Biochem Eng J 16:287–297CrossRef Sánchez Mirón A, Cerón García MC, Contreras Gómez A, García Camacho F, Molina Grima E, Chisti Y (2003) Shear stress tolerance and biochemical characterization of Phaeodactylum tricornutum in quasi steady-state continuous culture in outdoor photobioreactors. Biochem Eng J 16:287–297CrossRef
165.
Zurück zum Zitat Santoyo S, Rodriguez-Meizoso I, Cifuentes A, Jaime L, García-Blairsy Reina G, Señoráns FJ, Ibáñez E (2009) Green processes based on the extraction with pressurized fluids to obtain potent antimicrobials from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae. LWT Food Sci Technol 42:1213–1218CrossRef Santoyo S, Rodriguez-Meizoso I, Cifuentes A, Jaime L, García-Blairsy Reina G, Señoráns FJ, Ibáñez E (2009) Green processes based on the extraction with pressurized fluids to obtain potent antimicrobials from Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae. LWT Food Sci Technol 42:1213–1218CrossRef
166.
Zurück zum Zitat Sarada R, Vindhyavathi R, Usha D, Ravinshankar GA (2006) An efficient method for extraction of astaxanthin from green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. J Agric Food Chem 54:7585–7588CrossRef Sarada R, Vindhyavathi R, Usha D, Ravinshankar GA (2006) An efficient method for extraction of astaxanthin from green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. J Agric Food Chem 54:7585–7588CrossRef
167.
Zurück zum Zitat Sawayama S, Inoue S, Dote Y, Yokoyama S-Y (1996) CO2 fixation and oil production through microalga. Energy Convers Mgmt 36:6–9 Sawayama S, Inoue S, Dote Y, Yokoyama S-Y (1996) CO2 fixation and oil production through microalga. Energy Convers Mgmt 36:6–9
168.
Zurück zum Zitat Schaich KM (2006) Developing a rational basis for selection of antioxidant screening and testing methods. Acta Hortic 709:79–94 Schaich KM (2006) Developing a rational basis for selection of antioxidant screening and testing methods. Acta Hortic 709:79–94
169.
Zurück zum Zitat Schubert N, García-Mendoza E, Pacheco-Ruiz I (2006) Carotenoid composition of marine algae. J Phycol 42:1208–1216CrossRef Schubert N, García-Mendoza E, Pacheco-Ruiz I (2006) Carotenoid composition of marine algae. J Phycol 42:1208–1216CrossRef
170.
Zurück zum Zitat Schuchardt JP, Huss M, Stauss-Grabo M, Hahn A (2010) Significance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for the development and behaviour of children. Eur J Pediatr 169:149–164CrossRef Schuchardt JP, Huss M, Stauss-Grabo M, Hahn A (2010) Significance of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for the development and behaviour of children. Eur J Pediatr 169:149–164CrossRef
171.
Zurück zum Zitat Shi Y, Sheng J, Yang F, Hu Q (2007) Purification and identification of polysaccharide derived from Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Food Chem 103:101–105CrossRef Shi Y, Sheng J, Yang F, Hu Q (2007) Purification and identification of polysaccharide derived from Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Food Chem 103:101–105CrossRef
172.
Zurück zum Zitat Shiratori K, Ohgami K, Ilieva I, Jin XH, Koyama Y, Miyashita K, Kase S, Ohno S (2005) Effects of fucoxanthin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Exp Eye Res 81:422–428CrossRef Shiratori K, Ohgami K, Ilieva I, Jin XH, Koyama Y, Miyashita K, Kase S, Ohno S (2005) Effects of fucoxanthin on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Exp Eye Res 81:422–428CrossRef
173.
Zurück zum Zitat Silberstein JL, Parsons JK (2010) Evidence-based principles of bladder cancer and diet. Curr Nutr Food Sci 6:2–12CrossRef Silberstein JL, Parsons JK (2010) Evidence-based principles of bladder cancer and diet. Curr Nutr Food Sci 6:2–12CrossRef
174.
Zurück zum Zitat Simó C, Herrero M, Neusüb C, Pelzing M, Kenndler E, Barbas C, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A (2005) Characterization of proteins from Spirulina platensis microalga using capillary electrophoresis-ion trap-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 26:2674–2683CrossRef Simó C, Herrero M, Neusüb C, Pelzing M, Kenndler E, Barbas C, Ibáñez E, Cifuentes A (2005) Characterization of proteins from Spirulina platensis microalga using capillary electrophoresis-ion trap-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-time of flight-mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 26:2674–2683CrossRef
175.
Zurück zum Zitat Simon D, Helliwell S (1998) Extraction and quantification of chlorophyll a from freshwater green algae. Water Res 32:2220–2223CrossRef Simon D, Helliwell S (1998) Extraction and quantification of chlorophyll a from freshwater green algae. Water Res 32:2220–2223CrossRef
176.
Zurück zum Zitat Simopoulos AP (1996) The role of fatty acids in gene expression: health implications. Ann Nutr Metab 40:303–311CrossRef Simopoulos AP (1996) The role of fatty acids in gene expression: health implications. Ann Nutr Metab 40:303–311CrossRef
177.
Zurück zum Zitat Siriwardhana N, Lee KW, Kim SK, Ha JW, Jeon YJ (2003) Antioxidant activity of Hizikia fusifonnis on reactive oxygen species scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Food Sci Technol Int 9:339–346CrossRef Siriwardhana N, Lee KW, Kim SK, Ha JW, Jeon YJ (2003) Antioxidant activity of Hizikia fusifonnis on reactive oxygen species scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition. Food Sci Technol Int 9:339–346CrossRef
178.
Zurück zum Zitat Slavin J, Green H (2007) Dietary fibre and satiety. Nutr bull 32:32–42CrossRef Slavin J, Green H (2007) Dietary fibre and satiety. Nutr bull 32:32–42CrossRef
179.
Zurück zum Zitat Sloan AE (2000) The top ten functional food trends. Food Technol 54:33–62 Sloan AE (2000) The top ten functional food trends. Food Technol 54:33–62
180.
Zurück zum Zitat Sloan AE (1999) The new market: foods for the not-so-healthy. Food Technol 53:54–60 Sloan AE (1999) The new market: foods for the not-so-healthy. Food Technol 53:54–60
181.
Zurück zum Zitat Souza PH, Leao-Ferreira LR, Moussatche N, Teixeira VL, Cavalcanti DN, da Costa LJ, Diaz R, Frugulhetti IC (2008) Effects of diterpenes isolated from the Brazilian marine alga Dictyota menstrualis on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Planta Med 71:1019–1024 Souza PH, Leao-Ferreira LR, Moussatche N, Teixeira VL, Cavalcanti DN, da Costa LJ, Diaz R, Frugulhetti IC (2008) Effects of diterpenes isolated from the Brazilian marine alga Dictyota menstrualis on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Planta Med 71:1019–1024
182.
Zurück zum Zitat Spolaore P, Joannis-Cassan C, Duran E, Isambert A (2006) Commercial applications of microalgae. J Biosci Bioeng 101:87–96CrossRef Spolaore P, Joannis-Cassan C, Duran E, Isambert A (2006) Commercial applications of microalgae. J Biosci Bioeng 101:87–96CrossRef
183.
Zurück zum Zitat Stafsnes MH, Josefsen KD, Kildahl-Andersen G, Valla S, Ellingsen TE, Bruheim P (2010) Isolation and characterization of marine pigmented bacteria from Norwegian coastal waters and screening for carotenoids with UVA-blue light absorbing properties. J Microbiol 48:16–23CrossRef Stafsnes MH, Josefsen KD, Kildahl-Andersen G, Valla S, Ellingsen TE, Bruheim P (2010) Isolation and characterization of marine pigmented bacteria from Norwegian coastal waters and screening for carotenoids with UVA-blue light absorbing properties. J Microbiol 48:16–23CrossRef
184.
Zurück zum Zitat Stanley JC, Elsom RL, Calderm PC, Griffin BA, Harris WS, Jebb SA, Lovegrove JA, Moore CS, Riemersma RA, Sanders TAB (2007) UK Food Standards Agency Workshop Report: the effects of the dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio on cardiovascular health. Br J Nutr 98:1305–1310CrossRef Stanley JC, Elsom RL, Calderm PC, Griffin BA, Harris WS, Jebb SA, Lovegrove JA, Moore CS, Riemersma RA, Sanders TAB (2007) UK Food Standards Agency Workshop Report: the effects of the dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio on cardiovascular health. Br J Nutr 98:1305–1310CrossRef
185.
Zurück zum Zitat Steinke M, Mallin G, Liss PS (2008) Trophic interactions in the sea: an ecological role for climate relevant volatiles? J Phycol 38:630–638CrossRef Steinke M, Mallin G, Liss PS (2008) Trophic interactions in the sea: an ecological role for climate relevant volatiles? J Phycol 38:630–638CrossRef
186.
Zurück zum Zitat Takamatsu S, Hodges TW, Rajbhandari I, Gerwick WH, Hamann MT, Nagle DG (2003) Marine natural products as novel antioxidant prototypes. J Nat Prod 66:605–608CrossRef Takamatsu S, Hodges TW, Rajbhandari I, Gerwick WH, Hamann MT, Nagle DG (2003) Marine natural products as novel antioxidant prototypes. J Nat Prod 66:605–608CrossRef
187.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka Y, Sasaki N, Ohmiya A (2008) Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids. Plant J 54:733–749CrossRef Tanaka Y, Sasaki N, Ohmiya A (2008) Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids. Plant J 54:733–749CrossRef
188.
Zurück zum Zitat Tasende MG (2000) Fatty acid and sterol composition of gametophytes and sporophytes of Chondrus crispus (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta). Sci Mar 64:421–426CrossRef Tasende MG (2000) Fatty acid and sterol composition of gametophytes and sporophytes of Chondrus crispus (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta). Sci Mar 64:421–426CrossRef
189.
Zurück zum Zitat Thana P, Machmudah S, Goto M, Sasaki M, Pavasant P, Shotipruk A (2008) Response surface methodology to supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Bioresour Technol 99:3110–3115CrossRef Thana P, Machmudah S, Goto M, Sasaki M, Pavasant P, Shotipruk A (2008) Response surface methodology to supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. Bioresour Technol 99:3110–3115CrossRef
190.
Zurück zum Zitat Tosh SM, Yada S (2010) Dietary fibres in pulse seeds and fractions: characterization, functional attributes, and applications. Food Res Int 43:450–460CrossRef Tosh SM, Yada S (2010) Dietary fibres in pulse seeds and fractions: characterization, functional attributes, and applications. Food Res Int 43:450–460CrossRef
191.
Zurück zum Zitat Ukibe K, Hashida K, Yoshida N, Takagi H (2009) Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for astaxanthin production and oxidative stress tolerance. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:7205–7211CrossRef Ukibe K, Hashida K, Yoshida N, Takagi H (2009) Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for astaxanthin production and oxidative stress tolerance. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:7205–7211CrossRef
192.
Zurück zum Zitat Verma NM, Mehrotra S, Shukla A, Mishra BN (2010) Prospective of biodiesel production utilizing microalgae as the cell factories: a comprehensive discussion. Afr J Biotechnol 9:1402–1411 Verma NM, Mehrotra S, Shukla A, Mishra BN (2010) Prospective of biodiesel production utilizing microalgae as the cell factories: a comprehensive discussion. Afr J Biotechnol 9:1402–1411
193.
Zurück zum Zitat Vismara R, Vestir S, Kusmic C, Barsanti L, Gualtieri P (2003) Natural vitamin E enrichment of Artemia salina red freshwater and marine microalgae. J Appl Phycol 15:75–80CrossRef Vismara R, Vestir S, Kusmic C, Barsanti L, Gualtieri P (2003) Natural vitamin E enrichment of Artemia salina red freshwater and marine microalgae. J Appl Phycol 15:75–80CrossRef
194.
Zurück zum Zitat Voutilainen S, Nurmi T, Mursu J, Rissanen TH (2006) Carotenoids and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr 83:1265–1271 Voutilainen S, Nurmi T, Mursu J, Rissanen TH (2006) Carotenoids and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr 83:1265–1271
195.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang J, Chen B, Rao X, Huang J, Li M (2007) Optimization of culturing conditions of Porphyridium cruentum using uniform design. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:1345–1350CrossRef Wang J, Chen B, Rao X, Huang J, Li M (2007) Optimization of culturing conditions of Porphyridium cruentum using uniform design. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 23:1345–1350CrossRef
196.
Zurück zum Zitat Watanabe F, Takenaka S, Katsura H, Zakir Hussain Masumder SAM, Abe K, Tamura Y, Nakamo Y (1999) Dried green and purple lavers (Nori) contain substantial amounts of biologically active vitamin B12 but less of dietary iodine relative to other edible seaweeds. J Agric Food Chem 47:2341–2343CrossRef Watanabe F, Takenaka S, Katsura H, Zakir Hussain Masumder SAM, Abe K, Tamura Y, Nakamo Y (1999) Dried green and purple lavers (Nori) contain substantial amounts of biologically active vitamin B12 but less of dietary iodine relative to other edible seaweeds. J Agric Food Chem 47:2341–2343CrossRef
197.
Zurück zum Zitat Wiltshire KH, Boersma M, Moller A, Buhtz H (2000) The extraction and analyses of pigments and fatty acids from the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Aquat Ecol 34:119–126CrossRef Wiltshire KH, Boersma M, Moller A, Buhtz H (2000) The extraction and analyses of pigments and fatty acids from the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus. Aquat Ecol 34:119–126CrossRef
198.
Zurück zum Zitat Ye ZW, Jiang JG, Wu GH (2008) Biosynthesis and regulation of carotenoids in Dunaliella: progresses and prospects. Biotechnol Adv 26:352–360CrossRef Ye ZW, Jiang JG, Wu GH (2008) Biosynthesis and regulation of carotenoids in Dunaliella: progresses and prospects. Biotechnol Adv 26:352–360CrossRef
199.
Zurück zum Zitat Yukino T, Hayashi M, Inoue Y, Imamura J, Nagano N, Murata H (2005) Preparation of docosahexaenoic acid fortified Spirulina platensis and its lipid and fatty acid compositions. Nippon Suisan Gakk 71:74–79CrossRef Yukino T, Hayashi M, Inoue Y, Imamura J, Nagano N, Murata H (2005) Preparation of docosahexaenoic acid fortified Spirulina platensis and its lipid and fatty acid compositions. Nippon Suisan Gakk 71:74–79CrossRef
200.
Zurück zum Zitat Yun YS, Lee SB, Park JM, Lee CI, Yang JW (1997) Carbon dioxide fixation by algal cultivation using wastewater nutrients. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 69:451–455CrossRef Yun YS, Lee SB, Park JM, Lee CI, Yang JW (1997) Carbon dioxide fixation by algal cultivation using wastewater nutrients. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 69:451–455CrossRef
201.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang QQ, Zhao T, Deslandes E, Ismaeli NB, Molloy F, Critchley T (2005) Chemical characteristic of a polysaccharide from Porphyra capensis (Rhodophyta). Carbohydr Res 340:2447–2450CrossRef Zhang QQ, Zhao T, Deslandes E, Ismaeli NB, Molloy F, Critchley T (2005) Chemical characteristic of a polysaccharide from Porphyra capensis (Rhodophyta). Carbohydr Res 340:2447–2450CrossRef
202.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao T, Zhang Q, Qi H, Zhang H, Niu X, Xu Z, Li Z (2006) Degradation of porphyran from Porphyra haitanensis and the antioxidant activities of the degraded porphyrans with different molecular weight. Int J Biol Macromol 38:45–50CrossRef Zhao T, Zhang Q, Qi H, Zhang H, Niu X, Xu Z, Li Z (2006) Degradation of porphyran from Porphyra haitanensis and the antioxidant activities of the degraded porphyrans with different molecular weight. Int J Biol Macromol 38:45–50CrossRef
203.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao L, Chen G, Zhao G, Hu X (2009) Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by response surface methodology and antioxidant activities of the extracts. Sep Sci Technol 44:243–262CrossRef Zhao L, Chen G, Zhao G, Hu X (2009) Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis by response surface methodology and antioxidant activities of the extracts. Sep Sci Technol 44:243–262CrossRef
204.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhekisheva M, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I, Zarka A, Cohen Z (2002) Accumulation of oleic acid in Haematococcus pluvialis (chlorophyceae) under nitrogen starvation or high light is correlated with that of axtaxanthin esters. J Phycol 38:325–331CrossRef Zhekisheva M, Boussiba S, Khozin-Goldberg I, Zarka A, Cohen Z (2002) Accumulation of oleic acid in Haematococcus pluvialis (chlorophyceae) under nitrogen starvation or high light is correlated with that of axtaxanthin esters. J Phycol 38:325–331CrossRef
205.
Zurück zum Zitat Zheng W, Wise ML, Wyrick A, Metz JG, Yuan L, Gerwick WH (2002) Polyenoic fatty acid isomerise from the marine alga Pilota ficina: protein characterization and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Arch Biochem Biophys 401:11–20CrossRef Zheng W, Wise ML, Wyrick A, Metz JG, Yuan L, Gerwick WH (2002) Polyenoic fatty acid isomerise from the marine alga Pilota ficina: protein characterization and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Arch Biochem Biophys 401:11–20CrossRef
206.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu YH, Jiang JG (2008) Continuous cultivation of Dunaliella salina in photobioreactor for the production of β- carotene. Eur Food Res Technol 227:953–959CrossRef Zhu YH, Jiang JG (2008) Continuous cultivation of Dunaliella salina in photobioreactor for the production of β- carotene. Eur Food Res Technol 227:953–959CrossRef
207.
Zurück zum Zitat Zuliani G, Galvani M, Leitersdorf E, Volpato S, Cavelieri M, Fellin R (2009) The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the treatment of dyslipidemias. Curr Pharm Des 15:4173–4185CrossRef Zuliani G, Galvani M, Leitersdorf E, Volpato S, Cavelieri M, Fellin R (2009) The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the treatment of dyslipidemias. Curr Pharm Des 15:4173–4185CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Screening for Bioactive Compounds from Algae
verfasst von
Miguel Herrero
Jose A. Mendiola
Merichel Plaza
Elena Ibañez
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer New York
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3348-4_35