nach oben

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics

Erschienen in:

01.04.2024 | Review

Structure, principle and performance of flexible conductive polymer strain sensors: a review

verfasst von: Peng Han, Shihong Liang, Hui Zou, Xiangfu Wang

Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics | Ausgabe 11/2024

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

This review delves into the sensing principles and structural innovations of conductive polymer strain sensors, and looks forward to their application potential in multiple fields and future research directions. Strain sensors that can convert physical deformation into electrical signals are of increasing importance amid the wider fever of the edge-cutting fields including soft robotics, human-machine interface, and wearable electronics. Yet, these more and more complex application scenarios call for a revolution of current strain sensing technologies. On top of their stretchability, more iodegradable and customizable, conductive polymer strain sensors enter the scene, showing promising prospects as next-generation strain sensors. Briefly, the sensing principles discussed include strain sensing controlled by tunneling effect, separation mechanism and crack propagation. Additionally, we explore three types of polymer strain sensor structures: filled (fiber-filled, carbon black-filled, nano-filled, and microporous-filled), sandwich (single-layer and multi-layer), and adsorption-type sensors. These sensors show great potential for applications in structural health monitoring, mechanical vibration detection, medical diagnosis, and environmental pollution monitoring. We also discuss the challenges faced by conductive polymer strain sensors and propose future research directions to address these issues. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of conductive polymer strain sensors and inspire further development in this promising research area.

Vorheriger Artikel Surfactant assisted-SnO2 nanorods and nanoflowers synthesised by hydrothermal method for supercapacitor applications

Nächster Artikel Role of proton conducting polyelectrolyte on the organic photovoltaics efficiency

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

T. Le, H. Pham, S. Mai et al., Frontier academic research, industrial R&D and technological progress: the case of OECD countries. Technovation 114, 102436 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102436CrossRef

C. Liu, Artificial intelligence interactive design system based on digital multimedia technology. J. Sens. 2022, 4679066 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4679066CrossRef

M. Segal, How automation is changing work. Nature 563(7733), 132–135 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07501-yCrossRef

J. Varajo, L. Magalhães, L. Freitas et al., Implementing success management in an IT project. Procedia Comput. Sci. 138, 891–898 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.116CrossRef

X. Lu, S. Zhang, X. Chen et al., Ultrasensitive, high-dynamic-range and broadband strain sensing by time-of-flight detection with femtosecond-laser frequency combs. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 13305 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-13738-wCrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

M. Nie, H. Yun et al., A flexible and highly sensitive graphene-based strain sensor for structural health monitoring. Clust. Comput. 22, 8217–8224 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-018-1727-9CrossRef

Y.Q. Li, P. Huang, W.B. Zhu et al., Flexible wire-shaped strain sensor from cotton thread for human health and motion detection. Sci. Rep. 7, 45013 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45013CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

J.W. Zha, B. Zhang, R.K.Y. Li et al., High-performance strain sensors based on functionalized graphene nanoplates for damage monitoring. Compos. Sci. Technol. 123, 32–38 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.11.028CrossRef

L. Yan, H. Yan, F. Jian, Research progress on applications of machine learning in flexible strain sensors in the context of material intelligence. J. Textile Res. (2024). https://doi.org/10.13475/j.fzxb.20221105502CrossRef

10.

Q. Hua, J. Sun, H. Liu et al., Skin-inspired highly stretchable and conformable matrix networks for multifunctional sensing. Nat. Commun. 9, 244 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-02685-9CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

11.

J. Zhou, H. Hu et al., Ultrasensitive, stretchable strain sensors based on fragmented carbon nanotube papers. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(5), 4835–4842 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b15195CrossRefPubMed

12.

T. Naficy, A. Spinks, A. Tan et al., Conductive polymers: opportunities and challenges in biomedical applications. Chem. Rev. 118, 6766 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00275CrossRef

13.

Z. Wang, J. Chen, Y. Cong et al., Ultra stretchable strain sensors and arrays with high sensitivity and linearity based on super tough conductive hydrogels. Chem. Mater. 30(21), 8062–8069 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03999CrossRef

14.

S.J. Shayeh, M. Sadeghinia, S.O.R. Siadat et al., A novel route for electrosynthesis of CuCr₂O₄ nanocomposite with p-type conductive polymer as a high performance material for electrochemical supercapacitors. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 496, 401–406 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2017.02.010CrossRefPubMed

15.

S. Zhao, D. Lou, G. Li et al., Bridging the segregated structure in conductive polypropylene composites: an effective strategy to balance the sensitivity and stability of strain sensing performances. Compos. Sci. Technol. 163, 18–25 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.05.006CrossRef

16.

M. Wolf, R. Schmittgens, A. Nocke et al., Plasma deposition of conductive polymer composites for strain sensor applications. Procedia Chem. 1(1), 879–882 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2009.07.219CrossRef

17.

F. Li, X.H. Duan, H. Zhang et al., Molecular dynamics simulation of the electrical conductive network formation of polymer nanocomposites with polymer-grafted nanorods. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 34, 21822–21831 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CP02809ECrossRef

18.

Q. Xue, J. Sun, Electrical conductivity and percolation behavior of polymer nanocomposites. Polym. Nanocompos. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28238-1_3CrossRef

19.

H.L. Ferrand, S. Bolisetty, A. Demirörs et al., Magnetic assembly of transparent and conducting graphene-based functional composites. Nat. Commun. 7, 12078 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12078CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

20.

K. Grigoriou, R.B. Ladani, A.P. Mouritz, Electrical properties of multifunctional Z-pinned sandwich composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 170, 60–69 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.11.030CrossRef

21.

W.L. Song, M.S. Cao, M.M. Lu et al., Flexible graphene/polymer composite films in sandwich structures for effective electromagnetic interference shielding. Carbon 66, 67–76 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.08.043CrossRef

22.

L. Hu, Q. Li, S. Zhang et al., Electrically conductive polymer composites for smart flexible strain sensors: a critical review. J. Mater. Chem. C 6(45), 12121–12141 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC04079FCrossRef

23.

J. Ma, P. Wang, H. Chen et al., Highly sensitive and large-range strain sensor with a self-compensated two-order structure for human motion detection. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11(8), 8527–8536 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b20902CrossRefPubMed

24.

L. Wang, H. Wang, X.W. Huang et al., Superhydrophobic and superelastic conductive rubber composite for wearable strain sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity and excellent anti-corrosion property. J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 24523 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA07847ECrossRef

25.

Q. Ren, J. Wang, L. Yang, X. Li, Research progress of conductive polymer composites for resistive flexible strain sensors. Mater. Rep. 34(1), 1080–1094 (2020). https://doi.org/10.11896/cldb.19100229CrossRef

26.

G. Ruyue, B. Yan, Research progress on wearable piezoresistive strain sensors based on two-dimensional conductive materials/flexible polymer composites. Fine Chem. 38, 4 (2021). https://doi.org/10.13550/j.jxhg.20200847CrossRef

27.

Y. Kim, J. Zhu, B. Yeom et al., Stretchable nanoparticle conductors with self-organized conductive pathways. Nature 500(7460), 59–63 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12401CrossRefPubMed

28.

L. Ma, W. Yang, Y. Wang et al., Multi-dimensional strain sensor based on carbon nanotube film with aligned conductive networks. Compos. Sci. Technol. 165, 190–197 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.06.030CrossRef

29.

X. Wang, S. Meng, M. Tebyetekerwa et al., Highly sensitive and stretchable piezoresistive strain sensor based on conductive poly(styrene-butadiene-styrene)/few layer graphene composite fiber. Composites A 105, 291–299 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.11.027CrossRef

30.

A. Awarke, S. Lauer, S. Pischinger et al., Percolation-tunneling modeling for the study of the electric conductivity in LiFePO₄ based Li-ion battery cathodes. J. Power Sources 196(1), 405–411 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.07.048CrossRef

31.

B.A. Budiman, F. Adziman, P.L. Sambegoro et al., The role of interfacial rigidity to crack propagation path in fiber reinforced polymer composite. Fibers Polym. 19, 1980–1988 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-018-8194-zCrossRef

32.

T. Takeda, F. Narita, Fracture behavior and crack sensing capability of bonded carbon fiber composite joints with carbon nanotube-based polymer adhesive layer under Mode I loading. Compos. Sci. Technol. 146, 26–33 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.04.014CrossRef

33.

W. Obitayo, T. Liu, A review: carbon nanotube-based piezoresistive strain sensors. J. Sens. 2012(6348), 276–283 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/652438CrossRef

34.

A. Quelennec, E. Duchesne, H. Fremont, D. Drouin, Source separation using sensor’s frequency response: theory and practice on carbon nanotubes sensors. Sensors 19(15), 3389 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153389CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

A.L. Gama, A.R.K. Morikawa et al., Monitoring fatigue crack growth in fracture mechanics specimenswith piezoelectric sensors. Scientific 758, 83 (2013). https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.758.83CrossRef

36.

H. Yang, X. Yao, Z. Zheng et al., Highly sensitive and stretchable graphene-silicone rubber composites for strain sensing. Compos. Sci. Technol. 167, 371–378 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.08.022CrossRef

37.

H. Hadi, M. Keshavarz, M.M.S. Mohammad, Conductive bacterial cellulose/multiwall carbon nanotubes nanocomposite aerogel as a potentially flexible lightweight strain sensor. Carbohydr. Polym. 201, 228–235 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.054CrossRef

38.

F. Awaja, S. Zhang, M. Tripathi et al., Cracks, microcracks and fracture in polymer structures: formation, detection, autonomic repair. Progr. Mater. Sci. 83, 536–573 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2016.07.007CrossRef

39.

V.H. Nguyen, U. Gottlieb, A. Valla et al., Electron tunneling through grain boundaries in transparent conductive oxides and implications for electrical conductivity: the case of ZnO:Al thin films. Mater. Horiz. 5(4), 715–726 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8MH00402ACrossRef

40.

J. Liu, M. Miao, K. Jiang et al., Sustained electron tunneling at unbiased metal-insulator-semiconductor triboelectric contacts. Nano Energy 48, 320–326 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.03.068CrossRef

41.

H. Chen, F. Zhuo, J. Zhou et al., Advances in graphene-based flexible and wearable strain sensors. Chem. Eng. J. 464, 142576 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.142576CrossRef

42.

S. You, J.-T. Lü, J. Guo, Y. Jiang, Recent advances in inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy. Acc. Chem. Res. 11(12), 440–445 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50132a002CrossRef

43.

H. Yamada, R. Narayanan, P.R. Bandaru, Electron tunneling in nanoscale electrodes for battery applications. Chem. Phys. Lett. 695, 24–27 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2018.01.054CrossRef

44.

C. Li, D. Cahen, P. Wang et al., Plasmonics yields efficient electron transport via assembly of shell-insulated Au nanoparticles. iScience 8, 213–221 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.022CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

C.W. Li, K. Huang, T.K. Yuan et al., Fabrication and conductive mechanism analysis of stretchable electrodes based on PDMS-Ag nanosheet composite with low resistance, stability, and durability. Nanomaterials 12(15), 2628 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12152628CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

46.

M. Zhang, J. Chen, C. Lu, Influence of strain rate on the piezoresistive behavior of conductive polyamide composites. Compos. Sci. Technol. 133, 1–6 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.07.010CrossRef

47.

T. Wang, Y. Zhang, Q. Liu et al., A self-healable, highly stretchable, and solution processable conductive polymer composite for ultrasensitive strain and pressure sensing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(7), 1705551 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201705551CrossRef

48.

P. Zhang, Y. Bin, R. Zhang, M. Matsuo, Average gap distance between adjacent conductive fillers in polyimide matrix calculated using impedance extrapolated to zero frequency in terms of a thermal fluctuation-induced tunneling effect. Polym. J. 49, 839–850 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/pj.2017.71CrossRef

49.

Y. Zhang, Y.J. Heo, Y.R. Son et al., Recent advanced thermal interfacial materials: a review of conducting mechanisms and parameters of carbon materials. Carbon 142, 445–460 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.10.077CrossRef

50.

J. Park, J. Kim, J. Hong et al., Tailoring force sensitivity and selectivity by microstructure engineering of multidirectional electronic skins. NPG Asia Mater. 10, 163–176 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-018-0031-8CrossRef

51.

S. Yu, X. Wang, H. Xiang et al., Superior piezoresistive strain sensing behaviors of carbon nanotubes in one-dimensional polymer fiber structure. Carbon 140, 1–9 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.08.028CrossRef

52.

R. Moriche, M. Sanchez, A. Jimenez-Suarez et al., Strain monitoring mechanisms of sensors based on the addition of graphene nanoplatelets into an epoxy matrix. Compos. Sci. Technol. 123, 65–70 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.12.002CrossRef

53.

H. Ning, Y. Karube, Y. Cheng et al., Tunneling effect in a polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposite strain sensor. Acta Mater. 56(13), 2929–2936 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.02.030CrossRef

54.

J. Park, Y. Lee, J. Hong et al., Giant tunneling piezoresistance of composite elastomers with interlocked microdome arrays for ultrasensitive and multimodal electronic skins. ACS Nano 8(5), 4689–4697 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1021/nn500441kCrossRefPubMed

55.

H. Souri, D. Bhattacharyya, Highly sensitive, stretchable and wearable strain sensors using fragmented conductive cotton fabric. J. Mater. Chem. C 6, 10524–10531 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC03702GCrossRef

56.

Z. Cao, R. Wang, T. He et al., Interface-controlled conductive fibers for wearable strain sensors and stretchable conducting wires. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10(16), 14087–14096 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b19699CrossRefPubMed

57.

X. Wang, H. Sun, X. Yue et al., A highly stretchable carbon nanotubes/thermoplastic polyurethane fiber-shaped strain sensor with porous structure for human motion monitoring. Compos. Sci. Technol. 168, 126–132 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2018.09.006CrossRef

58.

S. Deng, A.V. Sumant, B. Vikas, Strain engineering in two-dimensional nanomaterials beyond graphene. Nano Today 22, 14–35 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2018.07.001CrossRef

59.

H. Li, Y. Xu, Y. Xu et al., Strain effect analysis on the electrical conductivity of Si/Si₁₋_xGe_x nanocomposite thin films. Solid State Electron. 85, 64–73 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sse.2013.03.009CrossRef

60.

T. Nguyen, M. Khine, Advances in materials for soft stretchable conductors and their behavior under mechanical deformation. Polymers 12(7), 1454 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12071454CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

61.

X. Fan, N. Wang, J. Wang et al., Highly sensitive, durable and stretchable plastic strain sensors using sandwich structures of PEDOT: PSS and an elastomer. Mater. Chem. Front. 2, 355–361 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7QM00497DCrossRef

62.

R. Rao, C.L. Pint, A.E. Islam et al., Carbon nanotubes and related nanomaterials: critical advances and challenges for synthesis toward mainstream commercial applications. ACS Nano 12(12), 11756–11784 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b06511CrossRefPubMed

63.

D.G. Papageorgiou, I.A. Kinloch, R.J. Young, Mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites. Progr. Mater. Sci. 90, 75–127 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2017.07.004CrossRef

64.

C.L. Kim, C.W. Jung, Y.J. Oh, D.E. Kim, A highly flexible transparent conductive electrode based on nanomaterials. NPG Asia Mater. 9, e438 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/am.2017.177CrossRef

65.

M. Knite, V. Teteris, B. Polyakov, D. Erts, Electric and elastic properties of conductive polymeric nanocomposites on macro- and nanoscales. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 19(1–2), 15–19 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4931(01)00410-6CrossRef

66.

J. Lee, S. Pyo, D.S. Kwon et al., Ultrasensitive strain sensor based on separation of overlapped carbon nanotubes. Desalination 15(12), 1805120 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201805120CrossRef

67.

M. Knite, A. Linarts, K. Ozols et al., A study of electric field-induced conductive aligned network formation in high structure carbon black/silicone oil fluids. Colloids Surf. A 526, 8–13 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.12.032CrossRef

68.

E.C. Ahn, H.S.P. Wong, E. Pop, Carbon nanomaterials for non-volatile memories. Nat. Rev. Mater. 3, 18009 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/natrevmats.2018.9CrossRef

69.

H. Chen, V.V. Ginzburg, J. Yang et al., Thermal conductivity of polymer-based composites: fundamentals and applications. Progr. Polym. Sci. 59, 41–85 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.03.001CrossRef

70.

M. Wang, Y. Chen, R. Khan et al., A fast self-healing and conductive nanocomposite hydrogel as soft strain sensor. Colloids Surf. A 567, 139–149 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.01.034CrossRef

71.

K.W. Shah, A review on enhancement of phase change materials—a nanomaterials perspective. Energy Build. 175, 57–68 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2018.06.043CrossRef

72.

Y. Zheng, Y. Li, Z. Li et al., The effect of filler dimensionality on the electromechanical performance of polydimethylsiloxane based conductive nanocomposites for flexible strain sensors. Compos. Sci. Technol. 139, 64–73 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.12.014CrossRef

73.

P. Neuzil, C.C. Wong, J. Reboud, Electrically controlled giant piezoresistance in silicon nanowires. Nano Lett. 10(4), 1248–1252 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl9037856CrossRefPubMed

74.

Z. Shufang, W. Yuyin, Z. Zekai, J. Yuling, Research progress on graphene/polymer piezoresistive strain sensors with foaming structures. Fine Chem. (2023). https://doi.org/10.13550/j.jxhg.20230182CrossRef

75.

T. Yamada, Y.H. Hayamizu, Y. Yamamoto et al., A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6, 296–301 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.36CrossRefPubMed

76.

Y.Y. Qin, Q.Y. Peng, Y.J. Ding et al., Lightweight, superelastic, and mechanically flexible graphene/polyimide nanocomposite foam for strain sensor application. ACS Nano 9(9), 8933–8941 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b02781CrossRefPubMed

77.

C. Xufeng, Z. Yu, Q. Yafei, Flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on carbon black/barium titan-ate/polyurethane. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica 41, 1–9 (2024). https://doi.org/10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20240205.005CrossRef

78.

T. Sakorikar, M. Kavirajan Kavitha, P. Vayalamkuzhi, M. Jaiswal, Thickness-dependent crack propagation in uniaxially strained conducting graphene oxide films on flexible substrates. Sci. Rep. 7, 2598 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02703-2CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

79.

S. Jang, J. Kim, D.W. Kim et al., Carbon-based, ultraelastic, hierarchically coated fiber strain sensors with crack-controllable beads. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11, 15079–15087 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b03204CrossRefPubMed

80.

J.P. Wang, P. Xue, X.M. Tao, Strain sensing behavior of electrically conductive fibers under large deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528(6), 2863–2869 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.12.057CrossRef

81.

L. Wang, L. Yang, W. Wang et al., Highly stretchable, anti-corrosive and wearable strain sensors based on the PDMS/CNTs decorated elastomer nanofiber composite. Chem. Eng. J. 362, 89–98 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.01.014CrossRef

82.

H.E. Khal, A. Cordier, N. Batis et al., Effect of porosity on the electrical conductivity of LAMOX materials. Solid State Ionics 304, 75–84 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2017.03.028CrossRef

83.

T. Yamada, Y. Hayamizu, Y. Yamamoto et al., A stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for human-motion detection. Nat. Nanotechnol. 6(5), 296–301 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2011.36CrossRefPubMed

84.

S. Shi, X. Sun, Q. Lin et al., Fatigue crack propagation behavior of fuel cell membranes after chemical degradation. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 45(51), 27653–27664 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.07.113CrossRef

85.

H.L. Huang, N.J. Ho, The observation of dislocation reversal in front of crack tips of polycrystalline copper after reducing maximum load. Elsevier Sci. 345(1–2), 215–222 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00472-0CrossRef

86.

F. Awaja, S. Zhang, M. Tripathi, A. Nikiforov, N. Pugno, Cracks, microcracks and fracture in polymer structures: formation, detection, autonomic repair. Progr. Mater. Sci. 83, 536–573 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2016.07.007CrossRef

87.

H. Deng, L. Lin, M. Ji et al., Progress on the morphological control of conductive network in conductive polymer composites and the use as electroactive multifunctional materials. Progr. Polym. Sci. 39(4), 627–655 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.07.007CrossRef

88.

Y. Deng, W. Hong, J. He et al., Micro-cracks on crosslinked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) surface treated by nanosecond laser irradiation. Appl. Surf. Sci. 445, 488–495 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.03.181CrossRef

89.

J.F. Tressler, S. Alkor, R.E. Newnham, Piezoelectric sensors and sensor materials. J. Electroceram. 2(4), 257–272 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009926623551CrossRef

90.

S. Seyedin, S. Uzun, A. Levitt et al., MXene composite and coaxial fibers with high stretchability and conductivity for wearable strain sensing textiles. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(12), 1910504 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201910504CrossRef

91.

J. Gao, B. Li, X. Huang et al., Electrically conductive and fluorine-free superhydrophobic strain sensors based on SiO₂/graphene-decorated electrospun nanofibers for human motion monitoring. Chem. Eng. J. 373, 298–306 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.045CrossRef

92.

B. Zhou, Z. Liu, C. Li et al., A highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensor based on dopamine modified electrospun SEBS fibers and MWCNTs with carboxylation. Adv. Electr. Mater. 7(8), 2100233 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202100233CrossRef

93.

H. Liu, J. Gao, W. Huang et al., Electrically conductive strain sensing polyurethane nanocomposites with synergistic carbon nanotubes and graphene bifillers. Nanoscale 8, 12977–12989 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR02216BCrossRefPubMed

94.

X. Wang, X. Liu, D.W. Schubert, Highly sensitive ultrathin flexible thermoplastic polyurethane/carbon black fibrous film strain sensor with adjustable scaffold networks. Nano-Micro Lett. 13, 64 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-021-00592-9CrossRef

95.

B. Marinho, M. Ghislandi, E. Tkalya et al., Electrical conductivity of compacts of graphene, multi-wall carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and graphite powder. Powder Technol. 221, 351–358 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.01.024CrossRef

96.

Tabinda Satter, Current review on synthesis, composites and multifunctional properties of graphene. Top. Current Chem. 377, 2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41061-019-0235-6CrossRef

97.

W.Y. Zhang, Q. Liu, P. Chen, Flexible strain sensor based on carbon black/silver nanoparticles composite for human motion detection. Materials 11, 10 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101836CrossRef

98.

S. Wu, J. Zhang, R.B. Ladani et al., Novel electrically conductive porous PDMS/carbon nanofiber composites for deformable strain sensors and conductors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(16), 14207–14215 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b00847CrossRefPubMed

99.

S. Wang, H. Ning, N. Hu et al., Environmentally-friendly and multifunctional graphene-silk fabric strain sensor for human-motion detection. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 7, 1 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901507CrossRef

100.

M. Wang, Z. Lin, S.Q. Ma et al., Composite flexible sensor based on bionic microstructure to simultaneously monitor pressure and strain. Adv. Healthcare Mater. 12, 27 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202301005CrossRef

101.

Y. He, D. Wu, M. Zhou et al., wearable strain sensors based on a porous polydimethylsiloxane hybrid with carbon nanotubes and graphene. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13(13), 15572–15583 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c22823CrossRefPubMed

102.

L. Shao, Y. Li, Z. Ma et al., Highly sensitive strain sensor based on a stretchable and conductive poly(vinyl alcohol)/phytic Acid/NH₂-POSS hydrogel with a 3D microporous structure. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(23), 26496–26508 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c07717CrossRefPubMed

103.

Q. Zhang, W.D. Jia, C. Ji, Flexible wide-range capacitive pressure sensor using micropore PE tape as template. Smart Mater. Struct. 28, 11 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab4ac6CrossRef

104.

Y. Hu, T. Zhao, P. Zhu et al., A printable and flexible conductive polymer composite with sandwich structure for stretchable conductor and strain sensor applications. IEEE Xplore (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPT.2017.8046689CrossRef

105.

M.K. Njuguna, C. Yan, N. Hu, J.M. Bell, P.K.D.V. Yarlagadda, Sandwiched carbon nanotube film as strain sensor. Composites B 43(6), 2711–2717 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.04.022CrossRef

106.

L. Lu, X. Wei, Y. Zhang et al., A flexible and self-formed sandwich structure strain sensor based on AgNW decorated electrospun fibrous mats with excellent sensing capability and good oxidation inhibition properties. J. Mater. Chem. C 28(5), 7035–7042 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7TC02429KCrossRef

107.

X. Fan, N. Wang, J. Wang, B. Xu, F. Yan, Highly sensitive, durable and stretchable plastic strain sensors using sandwich structures of PEDOT:PSS and an elastomer. Mater. Chem. Front. 2, 355–361 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1039/C7QM00497DCrossRef

108.

Y. Liu, D. Zhang, K. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Shang, A novel strain sensor based on graphene composite films with layered structure. Composites A 80, 95–103 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.10.010CrossRef

109.

S. Chun, Y. Choi, W. Park, All-graphene strain sensor on soft substrate. Carbon 116, 753–759 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.02.058CrossRef

110.

A. Prokopchuk, A. Ewert, J. Menning et al., Influence of manufacturing parameters on the quality of electrodes of a multi-layer capacitive strain sensor based on dielectric elastomers. Proc. SPIE 12483, 2023 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2656481CrossRef

111.

Y. Wang, J. Hao, Z. Huang et al., Flexible electrically resistive-type strain sensors based on reduced graphene oxide-decorated electrospun polymer fibrous mats for human motion monitoring. Carbon 126, 360–371 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.10.034CrossRef

112.

S. Gandla, D. Gupta, Highly sensitive, rugged, and wearable fabric strain sensor based on graphene clad polyester knitted elastic band for human motion monitoring. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 6(16), 1900409 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201900409CrossRef

113.

K. Yang, F. Yin, D. Xia et al., A highly flexible and multifunctional strain sensor based on a network-structured MXene/polyurethane mat with ultra-high sensitivity and a broad sensing range. Nanoscale 11(20), 9949–9957 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1039/C9NR00488BCrossRefPubMed

114.

A. Jain, S. Minajagi, E. Dange et al., Impact and acoustic emission performance of polyvinylidene fluoride sensor embedded in glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite structure. Polym. Polym. Compos. 29(5), 354–361 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1177/0967391120915334CrossRef

115.

Z. Zhou, Z.Z. Wang, S. Lian, Fiber-reinforced polymer-packaged optical fiber Bragg grating strain sensors for infrastructures under harsh environment. J. Sens. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3953750CrossRef

Titel: Structure, principle and performance of flexible conductive polymer strain sensors: a review
verfasst von: Peng Han
Shihong Liang
Hui Zou
Xiangfu Wang
Publikationsdatum: 01.04.2024
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics / Ausgabe 11/2024
Print ISSN: 0957-4522
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-482X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12474-y

Neuer Inhalt

Bildnachweise

VDI-Icon, Profil Icon, inhalt2, Springer Professional Modul/© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, Die Gewinner und Laudatoren des Sustainability Award in Automotive 2024/© Uli Regenscheit | ATZlive, Search Icon, Banner Hanser, Suresh Vittal/© Alteryx, Additiv gefertigte Teile/© Marina_Skoropadskaya | Getty Images | iStock, Warnschild "Land unter"/© Bluedesign / Fotolia, Zeitschrift Wissensmanagement Cover, PatentFit-Logo/© Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ATZ-Webinar: Prototypenfreie Entwicklung durch Offline- und Driver-in-the-Loop-HiL-Tests /© (c) VI-grade, chassis.tech plus 2023/© [M] ATZlive / TÜV SÜD PRODUCT SERVICE GMBH, adäsion-Webinar-Matinee/© krystiannawrocki_ Getty Images

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 11/2024

Effects of CuO-doping on growth, structure, and electrical properties of lead-free piezoelectric K0.5Na0.5NbO3–BiCoO3 single crystals

Significant advancements in passivating crystalline silicon surfaces achieved through the implementation of metal-doped zinc oxide layers

Development of textile-based strain sensing material by bar-coating technique

Luminescence characterization of rare earth (RE = Tb, Dy, Eu) ions activated Ca8NaGd(PO4)6F2 halophosphor synthesis by modified Pechini method

Correction: Copper oxide-based anodes for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of amlodipine

I–V study of PANI and CdO nano-composite mixture for low-voltage varistors

Neuer Inhalt

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.