The Impact of Information on Modern Humans

Changes in economic conditions of development of economic subjects require application of new tools that improve functioning of entrepreneurial structures in the system of adaptation to global processes and challenges. These tools are especially important for implementation of innovative activities in large industrial structures that form the main part of the country’s GDP. One of such tools is project management, which is a targeted process of development and implementation of decisions aimed at successful execution of works within innovative activity. According to this, the purpose of the research is consideration of the models of project management of large industrial structures’ innovative activities that are used in the Russian and foreign practice. Within the research, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: consider the theoretical foundations of the essence of project management of innovative activities in large industrial structures; determine the peculiarities of the model of project management of innovative activities in large industrial structures of the Russian Federation; generalize foreign experience of project management of innovative activities of large industrial companies; form the proprietary model of project management of innovative activities of large industrial structures. The scientific novelty of the research consists in generalization of peculiarities of project management of innovative activities in the Russian and foreign realia of development with possible creation of the proprietary model of project management. The methodology of the research includes the following methods: theoretical analysis, used for generalization of existing theoretical and methodological studies in the sphere of project management of large industrial structures; generalization, used for determining peculiarities within the models of project management of innovative activities; comparison, used for comparing facts for the purpose of determining the common and different features within the Russian and foreign models of project management of innovative activities of large industrial structures; modeling, used for creating the proprietary model of project management of innovative activities within large industrial structures. The main conclusions and results could be used for studies in the sphere of project management of large industrial structures in the conditions of digital economy.

Changeability of economic processes and formation of the modern reality of socio-economic development requires the search for new tools that increase the level of public welfare. The process of consumption and production provides less influence on the improvement of economic and social welfare of population and state. This process is being replaced by investment management. According to this, the purpose of this article is to form the main approaches to increase of effectiveness of public welfare through improvement of the system of investment management. According to this, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: study the theoretical basis of scientific ideas in the sphere of increase of effectiveness of public welfare by means of investment management; determine certain macro-economic approaches to increase of public welfare trough investment management; characterize the public-private and project approach to investment management; form the authors’ idea of improvement of the system of investment management for possible increase of public welfare effectiveness. The research tools include the method of theoretical analysis, deduction, comparative evaluation, specification and generalization, and object tracking. The novelty of the research consists in the attempt to substantiate the interconnection between increase of effectiveness of public welfare and improvement of the system of investment management. This research will be of interest to a rather wide circle: scientists dealing with the issues of increasing the level of public welfare, researchers studying the issues of modernization and transformation of the system of investment management, and practical specialists conducting strategic research in the sphere of improvement of socio-economic development of territorial subjects.

The purpose of this article is to determine the preferential market structure in the agro-industrial complex for provision of higher effectiveness of its import substitution and to develop practical recommendations for formation and support for optimal structure of this market. The methodology is based on the method of comparative analysis, which is used for comparing competition and monopoly as the variants of the market structure of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The authors use the method of analysis of statistical information for studying the state of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The authors have developed the method of evaluating the effectiveness of import substitution, which is also used in this research. The article studies the key factors that restrain the development of the process of import substitution of the Russian agro-industrial complex in 2016 and proves that oligopoly provides a very high quality of products with acceptable prices, as the market is presented by large companies that are easy to control, including the price control. In addition to this, they possess large resources, which, with the right management, allows achieving their high innovative activity and sustainability. Due to this, the market structure of oligopoly is the most effective as to import substitutions in the agro-industrial complex. As a result, the authors recommend application of flexible and preferential tools for stimulating the development of the process of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex, which should be based on the agro-industrial special economic areas.

The purpose of the research is to determine the value and specifics of the need for provision of national food security in modern Russia, to evaluate the level of necessity for using import substitution in the agro-industrial complex for solving this problem, and to search for the alternative means that allows developing the agro-industrial complex without the critical load on the federal budget. The authors offer the methodological approach to determining the level of national food security and determine the expedience of application of import substitution in the modern Russia’s agro-industrial complex. It is proved that import substitution in the agro-industrial complex in the interests of provision of food security in modern Russia is a voluntary choice of the Russian government, not the objective necessity. This choice contradicts the existing situation in the agro-industrial complex and, instead of stimulating the development of the Russian entrepreneurship in the agro-industrial complex, it leads to increase of its dependence on the state financial support and the atrophy of the capability for independent development. Clustering of agro-industrial complex is much more effective for provision of the national food security in modern Russia, as an alternative to import substitution. For its practical application, the authors offer a cluster model of development of the Russian agro-industrial complex for the purpose of provision of food security.

The purpose of the article is to develop the effective model of innovational development of the modern Russian industry. A proprietary model was developed for measuring the effectiveness of the model of industry’s innovational development. With its help, the authors perform evaluation of the existing Russian model and determine the key problems of industry’s innovational development in modern Russia. The results of the performed research showed that the current model of industry’s innovational development in modern Russia, which is realized within modernization of the national economic system, is characterized by low effectiveness, and a new model should be developed. The offered new model of innovational development of modern Russian industry’s innovational development allows restoring the logic of distribution of roles between participants of this process and ensuring its high effectiveness. The developed model is based on the action of market mechanism.

The purpose of the article is to study the contradiction of the mechanism of import substitution in the context of provision of food security and to develop recommendations for overcoming it in modern Russia. The authors use the method of SWOT analysis, which allows evaluating advantages and drawbacks of the mechanism of import substitution, as well as opportunities and threats, in the context of provision of national food security. The authors use the method of correlation and regression analysis to evaluate the results of application of import substitution in the modern Russia’s AIC from the point of view of provision of national food security. The key conclusion of this research consists in the fact that the mechanism of import substitution provides wide possibilities for supporting domestic production of the AIC products and brings threats related to limitation of market self-management, which requires flexible application of this mechanism. In modern Russia, the threats of import substitution have not yet emerged, but it is not very effective either. Low innovational activity in the long-term may become a reason for reduction of competitiveness of domestic companies of the AIC. Thus, import will be a serious threat for the Russia’s AIC. In order to prevent this scenario, we recommend using innovational policy with the policy of import substitution in the AIC. This will allow preserving and multiplying the effect that has been achieved due to successful policy of import substitution in Russia.

The purpose of the article is to determine the key spheres of modern Russia’s industry in the interests of stimulating its strategic development in the long-term. During determining the key spheres of Russia’s industry, the authors are guided by the Concept of long-term socio-economic development of the Russian Federation until 2020, established by the Decree of the Government of the RF dated November 17, 2008, No. 1662-r. The information and analytical basis of the research includes the materials of the ranking for the values of the global competitiveness index in 2016 according to the World Economic Forum and the ranking for the knowledge economy index according to the World Bank. In order to study the current state of Russia’s industry and to determine the priorities of its development, the authors use the method of structural and functional analysis. In the course of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that state’s non-interference into the real sector of the Russian economy is a reason for its development in strategically unprofitable direction; it is necessary to set priorities of development of modern Russia’s industry. The authors substantiate the necessity for and present the logic of restructuring of modern Russia’s industry.

The purpose of the work is to substantiate the necessity for applying state audit for achieving high effectiveness of budge policy of economic systems by the example of modern Russia. The authors develop a methodology of evaluation of budget policy effectiveness and use it by the example of modern Russia. The authors show that budget policy of modern Russia is not effective, and systemic state audit is required for its increase. The authors determine the main reasons for low effectiveness of the budget policy in modern Russia and view the process of increase of budget policy effectiveness with the help of state audit. As a result of research it is concluded that low effectiveness of budget policy in modern Russia is caused by lack of control and independence of public authorities’ bodies that conduct the development and implementation of the budget policy. Solving this problem requires introduction of state audit of the budget policy. It should be noted that state audit leads to the interest of the public authorities that conduct its development and implementation of the budget policy in achieving its high effectiveness. That’s why state audit is an inseparable condition of effectiveness of the budget policy.

The purpose of the work is to develop the practice-oriented mechanism of activation of the process of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex (AIC) for the purpose of provision of food security in modern Russia. The offered hypothesis is verified with the help of the regression and correlation analysis. In the course of the research, the authors prove that subsidizing, which is the only measure, used for stimulating import substitution in modern Russia, is not effective and leads to additional load on the deficit federal budget. In order to reduce the entering barriers and increase competition in the sphere of AIC in modern Russia, the authors offer to use the mechanism of public-private partnership. This will allow attracting flexible and adaptable small and medium business into this sphere due to provision of state production capacities, as well as private investments by means of state guarantees. The authors describe the functions of the state and private business, as well as logic of activation of the process of import substitution of the AIC for provision of food security by application of the mechanism of public-private partnership.

The purpose of the article is to develop the modern methodology of managing the process of import-substitution in the agro-industrial complex for provision of Russia’s food security. For assessing the effectiveness of the methodology of managing the process of import substitution for provision of food security, applied in modern Russia, the authors use the proprietary formula, which allows assessing the effectiveness of the methodology of managing the process of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex for provision of food security in statics. In order to build a full picture of its effectiveness, the authors determine the effectiveness of this methodology in dynamics with the help of regression analysis. As a result of the research, the authors prove the thesis that the methodology of managing the process of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex for provision of food security, which is used in modern Russia, is not effective. For solving the problem of provision of national food security, Russia requires a new modern managerial methodology.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity and to determine the perspectives of modern Russia’s transition to solving the problem of provision of food security through management of the agro-industrial complex (AIC) with the help of transnationalization instead of the traditional practice of import substitution. The indicator of potential of transnationalization of entrepreneurship in the AIC in this research is index of economic globalization according to the KOF. To evaluate the level of implementation of potential of transnationalization of entrepreneurship in the AIC, the authors the methods of regression and correlation analysis. The authors study the connection between the volume of export of products of companies of the AIC, share of export in the structure of sales of the companies of the AIC, and index of economic globalization. In the course of the research, the authors prove that import substitution is not the only method of solving the problem of provision of food security through management of the AIC. Modern Russia possesses the potential and the possibility for application of such tool of the AIC management as transnationalization, which allows achieving tactical and strategic results, which ensure elimination of the problem of provision of food security.

The article is devoted to one of the most important problems regarding the results of technical innovations implementation in people’s life and to training future specialists to uncover those consequences during the preparation stage of technical projects. The objective of this paper is to analyze the problems of design project-oriented training of engineering students in Russia and find ways for its improvement. Methodology: Universal scientific research methods were used such as the methods of idealization and formalization. The experimental research methods of observation, modeling, abstraction, comparison, the analysis of students’ educational activity results were also employed. Results: 1. The experience of some well-known organizations that use foresight technologies for predicting the consequences of innovative engineering and technical decisions implementation is analyzed. 2. The methodology of students training in forecasting skills making use of foresight technologies is developed. 3. The educational and expert procedure content is described. The results obtained are novel as for the first time foresight technologies are applied to the process of training of engineers. Previously the foresight technologies were used for elaborating large social and economic projects directed on the large territories development. The findings obtained comply with well-known technologies with similar focus, e.g. CDIO. This research contributes to the theory and methodology of professional education of engineers as it develops the understanding of their training content. Recommendations: The findings obtained can be useful for specialists of training and methodological associations, technical universities curricular designers and educators, specialists of various design organizations.

The aim of the article is to study an impact of technic and information on human existence. In this context the concept of technic and a number of relative terms are explained. Main philosophical conceptions of technic describing its place and role in the social life are considered. The impact of information technic on the process of modern social development is analyzed. The social problems of information society are discussed from the philosophical point of view. This means special attention to the great changes brought by information and technical progress into the social life. Systems of culture, communication and media are seriously transformed. This makes problems of human existence in the world of technic and information really actual.

This article is devoted to using the information and communication technologies in education and their implementation into activities of pedagogues of a pre-school educational organization. Topicality of the selected issue is related to the current process of informatization of the Russian education. A sphere of scientific sectors is outlined within which the informatization of education and organization of the process of pedagogues’ acquiring the information and communication technologies are studied. Theoretical studies are viewed which shows that insufficient level of innovation in pre-school education is caused by the low level of informatization in a pre-school organization. It is shown that information society sets new requirements to educational systems – they have to become effective and innovational, which will allow each pedagogue to realize their potential. The indicators and results of pedagogues’ acquiring the information and communication technologies are presented. The main attention is paid to the methodological provision of the process of pedagogues’ acquiring the information and communication technologies and conditions of its implementation. The events held with pedagogues in “School of the information and communication technologies” are very interesting. The material has large practical value and allows using the offered program for pre-school educational organizations’ pedagogues’ acquiring the information and communication technologies. These issues are of a many-sided character.

The purpose of the article is to study the perspectives of development of the educational services market in regions of Russia in the conditions of the knowledge economy formation. The methodological basis of the research consists of the method of structural analysis, which is used for studying the Russia’s position in the ranking of the countries on development of knowledge economy, and the method of horizontal analysis, which is used for studying the dynamics of formation and development of knowledge economy in modern Russia. The information and analytical basis of the article includes the materials of the Federal State Statistics Service of the RF and the index of knowledge economy according to the World Bank. The authors also study the process of formation of knowledge economy in Russia and determine that it has been continuing for the last 25 years and will last for 8 more years in case of preservation of the current tendency. The state’s efforts on management of this process are peculiar for low effectiveness. This is due to insufficient consideration of regional peculiarities and needs during development of the educational services markets in Russia’s regions. A serious problem of knowledge economy development in Russia is weak connection between development of regional markets of educational services and the national course at formation of knowledge economy. For solving these problems, the authors offer practical recommendations and develop a perspective model of development of the educational services market in Russia’s regions in the conditions of the knowledge economy formation.

The current system of higher education in the Russian Federation is subject to changes at different levels: global, regional and local, especially in the context of Global Crisis Management. The goal of this research work is to identify and systematize world trends that influence the change of the system of higher education in the context of Global Crisis Management, including using the principles of entrepreneurship. At the global level, the system of higher education of the Russian Federation is affected by trends in political, economic, social, cultural and information technology. As early as in the twentieth century, it was possible to distinguish the influence of each of the trends on the education system and to characterize the impact of each of them. In the modern world, the processes of globalization and internationalization, which affect each of the macro-trends, come first. Accordingly, macro-trends are considered in the analysis of their impact on the education system. In the research, within the framework of the methodology for highlighting the main trends, the Russian education system is considered element-wise, which includes higher education institutions, lecturers, students, IT environment of the university, and their characteristics. Among the main results, trends shaping education of the present and near future are revealed, which change the system of higher education in the Russian Federation in the context of Global Crisis Management: internationalization of the educational environment, including programs and conditions for their implementation; simultaneous existence of two realities: on-line and off-line; Project education; Gaming. World trends shaping education are a necessity that should be taken into account when forming the development pathway of the higher education system in the Russian Federation, especially in the context of Global Crisis Management. Adherence to trends shaping education helps to form a stable education system, flexibly reacting to global and local changes. When developing programs for strategic and innovative development, universities need to draw on trends, which should be the criteria for selecting each management decision in a modern university. A special place is taken by the formation of the entrepreneurial university or transformation of the classical Russian university into it, and development characteristics and directions determine and will determine world trends.

The article deals with the relationship between the development of science and changes in the content and structure of scientific and pedagogical activity. The role of science in the organization of industrial production, in the development of man, his productive forces is disclosed. The role of the integration of science as the main factor in raising the efficiency of social production, accelerating scientific and technological progress is shown. The main directions and ways of development of professional pedagogy as sciences are allocated: the strategy for the development of professional education, the cooperation of education and production, science, production and the academic subject, the laws of pedagogy and the laws of production, teaching, theoretical and educational activities; justification of the new principles of education and upbringing; interrelation of general, polytechnic and professional education, interrelation of production and social systems; integration processes (the formation of general sociological laws of the development of science, the formation of general scientific laws of the development of science, the formation of complex sciences, the intensification and industrialization of new researches). Factors influencing the development of pedagogical science are singled out: development of social, scientific and technical progress; interaction of general education, professional school; development of methodological, theoretical problems and empirical basis of pedagogical science; the combination of training with productive work in different levels of education; development of organizational forms, methods, means of education and upbringing.

The article is devoted to the development of didactic bases for designing the learning process in professional educational institutions. From this standpoint, the authors propose the use of the prognostic approach, the didactic forecasting. The future state of the pedagogical process is determined on the basis of socioeconomic, scientific, technical, cultural, technological forecasting. A characteristic feature of the didactic design of the learning process in a professional educational institution is the presence of two components of the learning process: theoretical and industrial training, which necessitates the design of theoretical and production training. Designing theoretical training is associated with the development of modular programs of general educational, general technical and special subjects, pedagogical technologies that ensure the implementation of innovative approaches to the development of educational and cognitive activities. The design of production training is associated with the design of the production process, the material and technical and socio-technical environment. The design of the material and technical environment is associated with the equipment of study rooms, training workshops, with the definition of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the raw materials, with technical and technological capabilities for manufacturing products. The design of the social and industrial sphere is associated with production, economic relations, and professional communication. Also, the article discusses the features of designing the learning process in a professional school related to establishing links between theoretical and production training, pedagogical and production tasks, between professional knowledge and production activities.

The article describes the information service of graduate support of graduates of a pedagogical university. The authors disclose the concept of “postgraduate support” as a set of purposeful complex measures involving the cooperation of a teacher and mentor with a young specialist with the aim of ensuring successful entry into the profession, effective implementation of pedagogical activity, adaptation to a professional environment and overcoming crises and barriers arising in the process of implementing a professional activities. The mechanism of postgraduate support, which is based on the institute of double mentoring, is described.The article describes the electronic postgraduate support service that has been developed and implemented at the Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after Kozma Minin for postmodern support of graduates of the university, which provides online support for a young specialist in professional activities. Electronic service is a specially organized Internet portal on which methodical services and Internet resources are concentrated.The article contains the content of the electronic service, which includes: Diary reflections, a resource for conducting mentoring sessions, a personal chat, a bank of methodical ideas, an electronic portfolio, a tool for conducting webinars and thematic forums, etc.The article contains some survey results that were conducted among graduates using the electronic support service.

The organization and maintenance of accounting require accurate methods and the most accurate results of their application, which entails the need to use generally accepted economic categories. Inaccurate or incorrect use of the categories “expenses” and “costs” leads to a distortion of a number of key performance indicators of the enterprise, primarily the financial result. In certain accounting standards there is inconsistency in the definition of the concept of “expenses”, its economic meaning, there is no definition of the category “expenses”. The purpose of the article is to determine the relationship between the concepts of “expenses” and “costs”, clarify their wording, identify differences in regulations on cost accounting systems RAS and IFRS and give them an assessment, analyze the inclusion models in the cost of indirect expenses. System analysis of the relevant segments of theory and practice of accounting led to the conclusion that it is necessary to bring all documents, regulatory and regulatory costs and expenses in line, to improve the methodology for recording expenses in the cost of finished goods and work in process, the inclusion in the accounting standards of the cost accounting in the cost of finished goods, products and work in progress.

In the article, an anthropocentric approach to the analysis of factual material is realized, allowing seeing behind the units of language the work of human consciousness, view of the world, assessments and values. The object of the study is verbal adjectives formed from verbs with the help of the suffix -em-/-im-. The choice of material is because the modal component is consistently present in the semantics of these adjectives - the meaning of the possibility or impossibility of action, the subject of which is a person. On the basis of the nature of the motivating action, the semantic groups of these adjectives are distinguished, representing the spheres of interaction of a person with the world that is important for the Russian consciousness: Cognitive and speech-intellectual activity, sensory perception of the object, the physical and mental state associated with the object, ethical relations and the evaluation of the object, the forms of behavior associated with the object, the relationship of possession, the creative and goal-oriented activity of man in relation to the objects of the external world and himself. The authors consider varieties of modal semantics, characteristic of the adjectives analyzed. It is noted that the possibility/impossibility of the key subject for an action can be conditioned, firstly, by the internal potential of a person - his intellectual, physical, psychological qualities and abilities; Secondly, the prescription that is allowed and what is prohibited; Thirdly, the axiological factor-the estimated relation to the determined subject in terms of “good/bad”, “useful, appropriate/not useful, inexpedient”. In view of this factor, the adjectives of various semantic groups are related to the categories of norm and evaluation. In summary, a conclusion is made about pronounced anthropocentricity of the deverbativs with suffixes -em-/-im-, indicating that the possibility or impossibility of human interaction with the objective world is an important means of understanding objects and giving them a feature.

The article is devoted to the determination of the value of own investment capital of industrial enterprises while preparing the economic justification for investment projects of industrial enterprises. The cost of own investment capital is one of the main factors that form the requirements for the profitability of projects. The accuracy of determining the value of own investment capital significantly influences the reliability of the conclusions about the economic attractiveness of projects. The article presents in a formalized form the conditions for the acceptability of investments, taking into account the value of investment capital (individual elements) in the context of the organizational and legal forms used. The approaches to determining the value of own investment capital are specified. Methods for adjusting the cost of own investment capital of the alternative are suggested, if the investment project under consideration differs in terms of the level of financial risk. The first method can be used by public industrial enterprises. It is based on the capital asset pricing model (Capital Asset Pricing Model) and Hamada’s equation. The second method assumes that the industrial enterprise has the possibility of applying for credit resources to the relevant institutions. It is based on assessments of the level of financial risk associated with the enterprise with an investment decision. The article describes the main stages of implementation of methods. Examples are given that reflect the necessary calculations.

The goal is to analyze the existing problems arising in the process of forming the educational environment of the university.Project/Methodology/Approach - General scientific methods are used: analysis of domestic and foreign literature, comparisons, as well as special-pedagogical experiment and the method of expert assessments for the systematization of knowledge.Main results of the research - Different approaches to the definition of the information educational environment of a modern university are considered and a complex of problems of formation at various stages is revealed. Defined didactic principles and requirements to the elements of the educational environment of the university. The key issues of creation of the content of the electronic educational resource are analyzed. The article pays attention to the development and introduction of electronic educational and methodological complexes of educational disciplines in the educational process of higher educational institutions. The study addresses the importance of creating an information educational environment of the university, and the role of interactive forms of learning in the teaching of individual academic disciplines. The key role of the use of multimedia technologies in the modern learning process is noted.Practical significance - The results of the formation of the electronic educational environment of the University of Kozma Minin are analyzed. The issues of modernization of the corporate local-computer network of the university are considered and its importance as an infrastructural element of the complex educational environment is singled out. The role of the university department in the formation of the content of the educational environment is defined. The prospects of development and improvement of the educational environment of the university are revealed.The received data - The basic principles of creation and key qualitative characteristics of electronic educational-methodical complexes are defined. The structure and components of the educational environment of the university are presented.

The theoretical foundations of the organization of research activities of the trainees in the field of service areas are considered, taking into account the requirements of the system approach. The main tasks of students’ research activity are identified and their content characteristics are determined. The basic directions of the organization of scientific research activity of students of service majors are determined. The experience of organization of research activities of students in the studied field is presented on the example of major 43.03.01 Service, ensuring the continuous participation of students in scientific work during the entire period of study. This system is distinguished by the continuity of methods and forms from course to course; from one academic discipline to another; from one type of study to another, which is one of the most important principles of this system work. Research activity is an essential part of the system of training of a highly qualified, demanded by the labor market, initiative specialist who is able to think critically and take innovative methods and technologies to achieve high results. The result of educational and research activities in the educational institution is the formation of general cultural and professional competencies, personal qualities of the student, his motivation, reflection and self-esteem. Conclusions and experience in organizing research activities of students can be used in vocational education institutions.

The article deals with the problem of ensuring the objectivity of the pedagogical control of results of the academic activity of students. One of the leading modern means of pedagogical control in educational institutions of higher education is pedagogical testing, carried out with the help of information and communication technologies. In K. Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University for the implementation of effective educational activities in the main areas of implementation and training profiles for students, the electronic educational environment LMS Moodl has been used. The authors of the article consider the electronic educational environment of LMS Moodl to be an effective tool for creating control and measuring materials for assessing the results of the learning activity of students. The article reveals the possibilities of this electronic environment for the creation by teachers of the university of electronic educational materials, means of control, including pedagogical tests. The article describes the algorithm for creating parallel forms of electronic tests based on the tool capabilities of the electronic resource of the LMS Moodl environment. The authors of the article suggest using “random questions” to create parallel (multi-variant) forms of tests. “Random questions” are added to the test directly at the design stage and regulate the inclusion of a specific task from the e-course issues bank in this question. In addition, the authors give the results of an experimental study of the effectiveness of the use of electronic tests created in the electronic environment of LMS Moodl based on parallel forms of the test.

The purpose of the article is to analyze the teachings of the English Christian thinker of the 14th century John Wycliffe, in particular those of his provisions, which were later developed by the Protestant reformers of the sixteenth century (on the supremacy of Holy Scripture, the abolition of the papacy, the use of preaching, etc.). Using the method of text analysis, the authors of the article point to the same interpretation of thinkers belonging to different historical epochs, the most important religious and political doctrines. The authors also pay attention to the fact that all the works of John Wycliffe were devoted to the development of the correct approach to the study and interpretation of the Bible. The English theologian claimed that Holy Scripture is the main guide in all matters of man’s spiritual life, and that only in it alone is revealed the true meaning of faith. In addition to translating the Holy Scripture into the mother’s language, J. Wycliffe concertize his views on religious organization, secular power and the relationship of these two spheres. The works of the Evangelical Doctor were devoted to the active apologetic of monarchical power, the creation of a strong secular state led by the king, which was subsequently reflected in the works of Anglican and then Puritan theologians: U. Tindela, T. Cranmer, J. Rogers, H. Latimer and others.

At present, interest in the problems of evaluating the profitability of organizational innovations arises in Russia. Despite their importance, due primarily to the production need, it is often difficult to assess their effectiveness, because such measures do not have a separate commercial result. The creation of an appropriate methodology to solve this problem is necessary in order to choose the most advantageous option of such managerial solutions from the set of available alternatives. In this case, you can use a technique based on the application of differential cash flow, which is the difference between an alternative and a basic version of the organizational solution. After calculating such a flow, the expected value of the net present value is calculated according to the available set of scenarios. However, the solution of this practical problem is not limited to solving the presented direct problem. It is also important to solve the inverse problem, the essence of which is to calculate the optimal value of the parameter characterizing the idea of organizational innovation. So, in the presented example, as such a parameter, the size of the trade discount was considered for the buyers of the products, which pay for it immediately. To solve the direct and inverse tasks of assessing the effectiveness of organizational innovation, we presented the necessary computational methods, as well as computer simulation methods.

When assessing technological innovation, one cannot rely on any one method of analysis. Based on the investor’s goals and the planning horizon, each specific method carries some additional information about the effectiveness of investment chains. In order to make the most optimal decision about replicating technological innovation projects, it is necessary to take into account the specific features of operation of a particular new equipment, in particular concerning the planned lifetime. Among the many approaches used to solve this problem, the chain repeat method and the method of equivalent annuities are the most popular among financiers. In this case, often a preference is given to the method of equivalent annuities as the most simple for calculations. Despite the fundamental differences between the method of chain repeat and the method of equivalent annuities, they allow one to obtain the same result for investment chains that have terms that are multiples of the investor-planning horizon. If this condition is violated, then the problem of choosing the most profitable chain of technological innovations is considerably complicated. This factor can significantly affect the correctness of the final decision of the company. Therefore, in the example considered, if we were guided only by the results of the equivalent annuity method, we would get an incorrect conclusion about the optimal chain of technological innovations of the company.

The article studies the issues of application of information systems in the housing and utilities sector in the Russian Federation. Topicality of the studied issues is predetermined by the necessity for improving the law for the purpose of overcoming the difficulties that appear in practice due to the Russia’s active implementation of state and private information systems in the housing and utilities sector. The purpose of the article is to determine the main directions of improvement of the legal mechanism that determines the forms and means of using the information systems in the housing and utilities sector on the basis of determination and analysis of this mechanism’s drawbacks. The main approaches to studying this problem are the dialectic, system, intersectorial, etc., which allows for the complex consideration of the mechanism of the information systems usage in view of the needs of the housing and utilities sector. The results are as follows: the current state of legal regulation in the sphere of the Russian information systems is determined, and the peculiarities of application of the information systems in the housing and utilities sector are determined, in particular, during general meeting of the residents of an apartment block via postal vote; the procedure of using the state and private information systems the housing and utilities sector is studied; the directions for improvement of the law in this sphere are given. The article poses practical value for specialists of various profiles that work in the housing and utilities sector, scholars who conduct analysis of the legal, information, and economic aspects of functioning of the housing and utilities sector, and persons who deal with the legislative activities.

Topicality. Topicality of the studied problem is predetermined by the fact that the global migration processes take place in the world, and they bring positive and negative consequences for the society.The purpose of the article is to find the reasons and mechanisms of migration, as well as their social consequences for the modern society.The methodology of this work includes the cognitive and systemic & determining approach which required using a complex of general scientific, specific scientific, and special methods of cognition.The article opens the essence of migration processes and shows various regulatory mechanisms of influencing the migration processes.Practical significance. The article poses practical value for researchers who study migration processes and conduct socio-economic forecasting.

The article is devoted to solving the following problem: further development of human society with preservation of current rate of production volumes growth and increase of the number of population may lead to the global catastrophe. The purpose of the work is to develop effective tools of sustainability management of socio-ecological systems in the conditions of globalization. The methods of the research include modeling and multi-criterial optimization, with the help of which the authors formulate the task of provision of socio-ecological systems sustainability in the conditions of globalization and offer a managerial model for solving it. The basis of the sustainability management tools of socio-ecological systems in the globalizing world should be economic & mathematical model of multi-criterial optimization of sustainability of economic and ecological development of modern global economic system. The authors denote three directions of solving this optimization task and develop the corresponding instrumentarium and the proprietary model of sustainability management of socio-ecological systems in the globalizing world.

The article is devoted to the issues of development of the consumer sphere of goods and services in regional economy and to the possibilities of increase of the consumer market’s competitiveness in the conditions of economy’s globalization and growth of territorial competition. It is considered that the consumer sphere of goods and services in middle-sized regions of Russia develops with insufficient intensity. Thus, it is necessary to develop the measures of state stimulation and regulation of the consumer market’s development. As a result of research, the problems of development of the regional consumer complex are determined and the system of measures of state support for development of the consumer sphere of goods and services in a region is offered.

The issues studied in this article are very topical, as all specialists are confident in the necessity for provision of well-balanced innovational and investment spheres of activities. For management of these processes, it is important to have correct information on their dynamics, as well as methodologies and tools of its processing for assessment of balance. For solving the set problem, the essence and indicators of balance of the innovational and investment spheres of activities were analyzed. It was determined that the notion “balance” has the financial, economic, ecological, organizational, and technical & technological senses. The system of indicators that reflects them has to conform to certain requirements (accessibility, authenticity, fullness, and compatibility) and include the indicators of balance of the required resources and their sources, as well as coordination of the required and existing (planned, forecasted) rates of change of the results of their usage.It is especially important to determine and prevent the critical level of imbalances in the state system of management, including the sphere of innovational development and its investment provision. One of the key aspects in this process is formation of the comprehensive innovational & investment policy at the state level as a primary precondition for the balance of the innovational and investment spheres of activities and the basis for its planning.The authors identify the sources of the information necessary for conduct of evaluation of balance and methods of assessment of its indicators and distinguish the most acceptable of them, which, due to high information content and relative simplicity, include the following: the matrix (for evaluation of the resources’ balance) and correlation methods (for evaluation of balance of dynamics of the basic indicators of development).The principles (of normative & legal provision, strategic orientation, coordination of interests, and constant monitoring) and organizational & methodological approaches to information provision of the process of planning of balance are determined.The article provides the results of evaluation of balance at the level of the sphere (industry). The determined limitations in development show that it is necessary to reorganize management of regional and sectorial systems from the positions of provision of balance. For this, the mechanism of information provision of planning of balance of the innovational and investment spheres of activities is offered.

The purpose of the work is to determine and overcome the contradictions in provision of the complex development of a company’s competences.The methodological basis of the research includes dialectics and the systemic approach to changes of the component structure of a company’s competence-based potential.The differences between the managerial categories – competence and competency – are analyzed. It is shown that they are interconnected as a whole and in parts. Competency consists of separate competences and has relative evaluation (level of competency) which is assesses quantitatively. Competences are specifics, for the elements of competency have their own qualitative characteristics in a certain sphere.The authors offer to treat the totality of competences of personnel the competence-based potential of the company, as the skills of employees constitutes the core of the key competences of the company.Development of competence-based potential is predetermined by development of competences of personnel – primarily, managerial personnel. Thus, it is necessary to develop the system of personal management of managerial personnel, including formation of its modern structure, aimed at development and effective usage of six basic resources of a person, six main potential of the manager and employees of the organization, which include: potential of time management; potential of education level; potential of paying capacity; potential of activity and working efficiency; charismatic potential (influences on people) (public authorities); potential of psychological sustainability. Development of personal potential is ensured by the existing system of coaching.

The purpose of the research is to determine the problems of financing of entrepreneurship infrastructure in developing countries and their solutions. The authors use the method of logical analysis as to the level of national debt, volume of direct foreign investments, and cost of public-private projects in the infrastructure. The authors also use the method of correlation analysis for studying dependence of the level of national debt, volume of direct foreign investments, and cost of public-private projects in infrastructure on the index of development of transport and telecommunication infrastructure, as well as dependence of the values of the indices of development of transport and telecommunication infrastructure and the number of registered new companies. The information and analytical support for the research includes the materials of the World Bank, the International Telecommunication Union, and the World Economic Forum for 2016. The research objects are China, Brazil, Turkey, and Russia. The authors determined three key problems of financing of entrepreneurship infrastructure in developing countries: national debt which limits the state’s capabilities for financing of infrastructural projects, unattractiveness of domestic infrastructural projects for foreign investors, and institutional barriers on the path of implementation of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the infrastructural sphere. For solving the above problems, the authors offer the framework strategy and practical recommendations: reorientation of the international financial support for developing countries at the infrastructural sphere, development of special economic areas in the infrastructural sphere for attracting direct foreign investments, and development of institutional provision of public-private partnership in the infrastructural sphere.

The purpose of the research is to determine the infrastructural barriers for the companies’ entering the global markets by the example of modern Russia and to develop the practical recommendations for overcoming them. The methodology of the work is based on systematizing and logical analysis of statistical data, which are formed from the Global Competitiveness Report for 2017–2018 (World Economic Forum 2017). The authors perform regression and correlation analysis, with the help of which the dependence of domestic companies’ entering the global markets on the infrastructural provision is determined. The research objects are the four largest countries with developing economies: Russia, Brazil, China, and India. The main conclusion is that the counties with developing and forming market economies are peculiar for non-conformity of the infrastructural provision of entrepreneurship to the global standards that are set by the developed countries. This is an obstacle on the path of opening their export potential. The authors prove that modern Russia possesses wide possibilities in the sphere of entrepreneurship transnationalization. In order to accelerate this process, the practical recommendations for solving the determined problems in the sphere of infrastructural provision of entrepreneurship in Russia, which hinder its successful transnationzalization, are offered. In order to achieve the synergetic effect, it is recommended to use them in the systemic and complex way in modern Russia. For this, the algorithm of the domestic companies’ entering the global markets through the prism of infrastructural provision development is offered.

The purpose of the article is to develop the mechanism of optimization of the system of tax administration with the help of new information and communication technologies by the examples of modern Russia. For studying the connection between the system of tax administration and usage of new information and communication technologies, the authors use the method of correlation analysis. The authors calculate the correlation coefficients for time spent for tax accounting according to PricewaterhouseCoopers and the values of the E-government index according to the United Nations. For the sake of presentability of the data, the objects of the research are countries from various geographical regions of the world and with different values of studied indicators – Russia, the USA, China, the Maldives, the UAE, Ireland, and Singapore. The timeframe of the research is 2005–2016. With the help of this method, the authors also calculate the correlation coefficients for the values of the E-government index and the share of shadow economy according to the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, as well as the share of tax revenues of state budgets of the countries according to the World Bank in 2016. The authors show that an important step on the path of overcoming the consequences of the global economic crisis is optimization of the tax administration system, which allows reducing the scale of shadow economy and ensuring more revenues for state budgets. A perspective tool for achieving this goal is implementing the new information and communication technologies into the process of tax administration. The authors analyze the problems that countries of the world face in the process of optimization of the system of tax administration with the help of new information and communication technologies by the example of modern Russia.

The purpose of the work is to study the social component of managing the process of commercialization of innovations and to develop the concept of highly-effective management of the process of commercialization of innovations as a basis of the modern human society development by the example of Russia. In order to verify the offered hypothesis, the work uses the method of statistical analysis – trend and correlation analysis, as well as the method of comparative analysis for calculating the relative indicators. The information basis includes statistical accounting of the Federal State Statistics Service for 2012–2016. The authors analyze and compare the indicators of the potential and efficiency of the country in the sphere of commercialization of innovations. As a result, it is concluded that insufficient attention to the social component in the process of managing the process of commercialization of innovations leads to emergence of a large lost socio-economic profit, caused by incomplete implementation of the accumulated potential of society’s development. Highly-effective management of the process of commercialization of innovations as a basis of the modern human society’s development supposes the shift of emphasis from management of companies’ innovative activity at the final stage of the innovational process – implementation of the leading production technologies – to the initial stages of this process – creation and patenting of leading production technologies.

This paper addresses the formation of the legal status of aboriginal population of the Far East during the period of establishment of the new Soviet State government authorities between 1920’s–1930’s. The object of the research is the legal development of native small-numbered ethnic groups of the Far East. The study employs different methodological tools: historical-systematic, comparative law, historical-typological and other methods. The main problems resolved in this paper are handled in the light of modernization theory. The author defines basic laws and regulations reflective of the process of establishment of national statehood among the indigenous population of the Far East. The historic significance of the question of compliance of the objectives declared by the Soviet government with the actual situation in national districts of the Far East is shown. The conclusion on positive results of pursued policy is drawn; the problems relevant to the period in question are identified. The priority of political and ideological considerations over the economical interests in the national policy of the Soviet government can be considered as the most important positive factor for the indigenous peoples of the Far East. From the very beginning the approach of the Soviet government to the problems of the peoples of the North was based on political perspective rather than on profitability of investments. Originally the activity of the Soviet government had been focused on emphasizing the traditional peculiarities of aboriginal population. In the second half of 1930-s the orientation of ideological line was changed towards the forced integration of small-numbered ethnic groups into the Soviet society resulting in introduction of modernization activities related to national and territorial division of the national regions of the Far East.

People with higher education in Russia, including those who have graduated from university relatively recently, 5–10 years ago, possess tremendous advantages on the labour market compared to other employees. Unemployment rates are about 2 times less than the national average, the earnings – much higher, social status over the last 15 years has not deteriorated, up to date the vast majority of these people are working in the fields, which make them belong to three social groups: executives and specialists of higher and middle skill level.

The purpose of the work is to determine the problems and perspectives of improving the process of innovations’ commercialization in universities of modern Russia. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the new institutional theory and the systemic approach to conduct of research within the economic theory. The work uses the method of structural and functional analysis, statistical analysis, and formalization. As a result of processing of statistical information on the innovational activities of Russian universities in 2016, we schematically presented the process of creation and commercialization of innovations in modern Russian universities in 2016. Based on the performed result, we determine the “institutional trap” of innovative activities of modern Russian universities. Its effect could be characterized as “innovations for innovations”. In other words, Russian universities are separated from the national economic system and seek their own interests. The interests of scholars related to increase of authority in the scientific society and maximization of reward for innovative activities do not correlate with the national interests, oriented at import substitution of innovations and increase of innovational activity of domestic companies. The authors prove that the main reason of low effectiveness of the process of innovations’ commercialization in modern Russian universities is underdevelopment of the institutional basis. Practical recommendations for solving the above institutional problems and improving the algorithm of innovations’ commercialization in a modern university are offered – they will allow increasing the number of innovations that are successfully commercialized, i.e., patented and passed for implementation to the companies, and that are reflected in modernization of business processes and manufacture of innovational products.

The article studies the approaches to pre-schoolers’ acquaintance with objective environment. The theoretical studies are analyzed, according to which the child’s life does not “naturally” guarantee the elements of creative beginning. It is obvious that their emergence and development require specially and scientifically substantiated socio-pedagogical practices. The issues of educating and teaching are very delicate and require large care in their application. The article shows that the art of pedagogue consists in finding a limit between “can”, “want”, and “must” with a child. Pedagogical practice should be conscientious and structured as to the one who studies. Assimilation and accommodation are universally fit for building the system of studying. At that, the corresponding (specifically organized) consumption of items can develop creative beginning with a child. Special attention is paid to the stages of prechoolers’ acquainting with objects with the help of which they can look inside the world and participate in its transformation, showing independence and creativity. These problems are of a many-sided character.

The use of strategic management tools and program-targeted management ensures the adoption of quality and timely management decisions in the long-term and medium-term. A systemic approach to the development and implementation of key performance indicators will ensure the unity of goals and objectives, the necessary centralization and standardization, a comprehensive analysis of the institution as a whole, of each structural unit and employee.

The article is devoted to new approaches to formation of innovational human capital as an inseparable element of institutional environment, viewed from the position of professional characteristics of human resources, capable of generating ideas and creating innovations, and the level of technical equipment of a work place, characterized as high-technology. Special attention is paid to Russian and foreign approaches to evaluation of human capital, used by economic subjects.The authors characterize innovational human capital, systematize the criteria of assigning human capital to innovational capital, determine the main problems during creation of innovational human capital, and offer the organizational & economic mechanism for risk management during creation of innovational human capital in economic systems as an element of the institutional environment, which includes the algorithm of managerial actions aimed at reduction and neutralization of risks.

The process of human interaction and information environment, the formation of personal threats and the society is determined by external social and political conditions and global informatization, and by internal conditions in the form of psychological factors and mechanisms. Such a fusion of external and internal determinants of the development of society leads to the emergence of the phenomenon of information & psychological convergence, which determines not only the information & psychological impact on a person, but its information & psychological security. The study of information & psychological convergence requires methodology and a system forming basis for the development of the concept of information & psychological security of the individual. The study helps to solve the problem, which consists in creating a methodology and tools for designing an integral concept of information & psychological convergence, which causes the convergence of elements within the security system and other regulators of relationships in society, as well as develop recommendations aimed at improving the information and psychological convergence in the implementation of the security of the individual and society.In this article, the authors analyze the concepts of the methodology in general and specifically the methodology of information & psychological convergence. Based on the analysis of principles and methods of convergence, the authors formulate the definition of information & psychological convergence. Particular attention is paid to the influence of globalization factors on the formation and application of methods of information & psychological convergence.

In the modern conditions, competitive advantages of economy and possibilities for its modernization are determined by the accumulated and realized human capital. Human capital can be determined as a totality of knowledge, competences, and qualities, embodied individually in each employee, which stimulate the creation of personal, social, and socio-cultural economic well-being of the society. Intellectualization of economy destroys the foundations of the anthropogenic civilization – motives and goals that formed its integrity and were the driving force of the progressive movement. The imperative of maximization of material well-being was replaced by realization of the possibility for self-affirmation through possession and use of knowledge.

The object of the research is value orientations of representatives of middle class, viewed through the prism of influence of the service labor sub-institute, which determines the character of the basic institutional model of the Russian society. The object of the research is cultural peculiarities and value orientations of middle class in Russia and trends of its further economic development and political participation in the process of establishment of the Russian version of civil society in view of the general vector of Russia’s modernization. It is concluded that sub-institute of service labor and the labor sub-culture continue to play an important role in the structure of value orientations of the Russian middle class, hindering its political activity and fixing its representatives to their job, thus slowing down the social mobility. As a result, the value orientations of Russian middle class help to form negative position as to the Western path of development, which orients its representatives to the practices of communal solidarity.

The purpose of the article is to determine the regularities of preclusive effect of judicial acts of special and simplified civil and criminal proceedings. The authors found on the functional similarity in establishment of special and simplified civil and criminal proceedings, which allowed determining general methodological approaches to solving the set task. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that differentiation of preclusive effect of judicial acts of special and simplified civil and criminal proceedings is not logical. Court proceedings in a certain procedural order, including special or simplified proceedings, does not diminish the force of adopted judicial act and all manifestations of its legal force.

The article investigates how blended learning inspires students of different ages to be more motivated in the process of acquiring receptive and productive foreign language skills. The authors analyze the neurobiological and psychological characteristics of various age groups of people learning a foreign language. The results of this analysis lead to the conclusion that the age of a student is a defining factor of the necessity of information technologies use in the learning process. The authors argue that the younger the learners are the more IT-oriented they are. It means that neglecting new technology in teaching a foreign language to children, teenagers and young adults is not an option any more. Older students used to traditional methods of teaching a foreign language appreciate the use of online resources and tools. The combination of student-centered methods and modern technology is the quintessence of blended learning which serves as an effective teaching tool for EFL students.

In Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after Kozma Minin in the period from 2015 to 2017, the project “Creating a system for managing the independent work of trainees” was developed and implemented as part of the program for the modernization of pedagogical education. In the article, approaches creation and results of approbation of a control system of independent work of students are considered. A model for managing the independent work of students in a university is proposed, which includes: Analysis of normative documents, target component, conditions of implementation; Technology implementation, the object management, the resulting component of the model. The main tool for managing the independent work of the students is the syllabus of discipline. The most effective forms and methods of teaching in the implementation of the model are considered, preference is given to the use of the electronic educational environment of the university and active methods of learning. A new form of organization of student’s work is offered - independent self-employed work. The role of a tutor in a university is defined when accompanying the independent work of students. A significant place in the article is given to the organization of reflexive activity of students, tools for organizing reflexive activity are offered - diaries of individual and group reflection. The pedagogical efficiency of the proposed model was assessed according to the selected criteria: Motivation to realize independent work, the level of mastering disciplines, the level of formation of general educational activities among students.

The long-term steady development of enterprises under the contemporary economic conditions is to a considerable extent determined by the possibility of output not only for the domestic advertising market, but also on the world. The today universal market for advertisement rapidly is developed, moreover mainly, due to the countries of Asia and Latin America. Whereas the Russian market for advertisement lags behind the world leaders, and its portion remains small. Like many of market, the market for advertisement is globalized, and explosion the Internet advertisement makes possible to leave to this segment of market for companies practically from any country. In the article is given the analysis of the trends of development of advertising market in the world, whose understanding will allow Russian companies to develop their strategies of output to the markets for other countries, which will, in turn, be important competitive advantage and will increase the competitive ability of these companies. With the estimation of the effectiveness of the solutions about the output for one or other advertising market or another it is necessary to consider different criteria and indices of micro and macro of the media, which sometimes can contradict each other. Therefore as the basic method in the article it is proposed to use multilevel analysis.

The object of the research in this article is Moodle – a system for distant learning. At the legislative level, the need to use this type of education in the educational activities of vocational schools is fixed. The electronic medium is used for blended learning, and is a tool with full set of resources for online courses. The electronic environment of Moodle is characterized by modularity, special flexibility in managing the learning process, easy publishing of training materials and their support in the format of international standards, management of user groups, the use of Web 2.0 services and the ability to integrate with other web applications. The article presents a study on the possibilities and the analysis of the experience of the use of distance learning for students in an electronic environment Moodle applied in the Pedagogical University. The experience of the implementation of e-learning courses on the example of “General and vocational pedagogy”. The experience of creating electronic training courses for their implementation proves the promise of this direction. Its introduction of the educational process of professional educational institutions will improve the quality of training specialists. The dynamism of the platform management and the modular structure of the training makes it possible to create the organization of the educational process, taking into account the individual requirements of the students to contribute to improving the learning outcomes of students.

The article is devoted to introduction of the notion “value-based and cultural matrix” into the discourse of socio-humanitarian sciences. The methodology that allows constructing this theoretical concept is substantiated. The main theoretical and methodological principles are the axiological approach – as a universal methodological principle, it allows analyzing various social phenomena; institutional theory (D. North); theory of institutional matrices (S.G. Kirdina). Value-based and cultural matrix is treated as a totality of national, religious, cultural, educational, and family traditions, the established legal custom, and the generally recognized moral values, as a stereotype of life of a specific society in a separate period of time and in the territorial frameworks of a specific region, sanctioned by the national law.

The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological basis for the design and development of a complex industrial product in the machine-building industry, when the task of product development is solved through the dominance of the concept of product development management over technological and production solutions. The authors considered the classical project management methodologies in the context of product development as the conditions for making managerial decisions to ensure the sustainable development of industrial enterprises. Several directions in the field of industrial product development have been studied, among which at the level of industrial production the most widespread are: (1) organizational aspect (organization of the production process), (2) engineering design of systems and (3) operational management. A set of solutions for product design/development, differing in the level of abstraction, critical success factors, and used variables has been formed. It is determined that the development of production in the context of product development is built either through: drawing up of road maps - allocation of certain functional tasks in the process of product creation with the subsequent selection of tools for their implementation and organization of production, or through a cross-functional solution of the problem within the framework of project management. That the typologization of solutions for the development of production through the creation of a product that allows carrying out the prolongation of the results does not exist. Each project is developed for certain production, which predetermines the need for further research on the issue.

The urgency of studying and evaluating such a social and economic category as “living standards” is due to the need to comply with the standards established within the framework of the Concept of the Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation until 2020, as well as in the Main Directions of the Government of the Russian Federation until 2018. Within the framework of the set tasks, it is necessary to ensure a stable and dynamic improvement of the living standards, as well as the solution of demographic, social and environmental problems. Different regions of such a large-scale state differ in the profile of the population, the degree of accessibility of certain resources, and, therefore, the living standards. The regional differentiation of the Russian Federation is so great that the definition of the population’s living standards throughout its territory does not lend itself to comparable quantities, which justifies the difficulty of identifying the most significant criteria that determine this indicator. Thus, when assessing the Russia’s population’s living standards, it is necessary to use the toolkit that would emphasize such a pronounced differentiation of incomes in the country. The article analyzes the category “population’s living standards”, examines the most significant, from the author’s point of view, modern techniques and identifies their positive and negative sides for the purpose of the further development of an effective system for assessing the living standards in the Russian Federation.

The article investigates the relationship between the categories of the region’s self-development and the quality of life of the population. The purpose of writing this article was to test the hypothesis of a stable relationship between the categories of the region’s self-development and the quality of life of its population. The authors based on the review of existing developments proposed a methodological approach to quantifying the parameters of the region’s self-development and the quality of life of the population. The method of quantitative assessment proposed by the authors envisages the use of official statistics and suggests the definition of two integrated integral indicators reflecting the level of self-development of the region and the quality of life of the population. Approbation of the methodology was carried out on the example of five regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation (Vladimir, Ivanovo, Kaluga, Kostroma and Yaroslavl Oblasts), typical of central Russia and comparable in key parameters of social and economic development. The results of the study are of interest to public authorities at the regional level, the teaching staff of higher education institutions, post-graduate students and students studying in economic areas of training. The authors also determined the directions for further exploratory research in terms of clarifying the list of direct and inverse indicators that reflect the parameters of the region’s self-development and the quality of life of the population.

The authors turn to the consideration of personnel management in tourism as the most important sphere of activity of the modern tourist organization. The authors point out the fact that at present the tourism industry is one of the fastest growing spheres. Personnel management reflects the importance of the sphere of people management in organizations, as it affects one of the main aspects of the organization’s activities, personnel management. The authors present the interpretation of the concept “HR management”, define the goals and tasks of personnel management. The peculiarities of tourist activity are considered. The article presents data of average salary proposals for the tourism industry in 2016 and dynamics of average salary offers for the cities of the Russian Federation for 2016. The authors outline the main tendencies of personnel management in the sphere of tourism: the staff turnover in Russia in 2016 reached peak values; in the future among candidates for employment in the tourist company will be more and more representatives of the Millennium generation; many tourist organizations are losing capital because of the low emotional intelligence of line managers; tourism enterprises are looking for employees in social networks; a good social package is a serious advantage of a tourist organization; tourist organizations are focused on the internal staff development, rather than looking for ready-made professionals; charity is an occasion for pride of employees for the company; The loyalty of Russian employees towards the employer is growing more actively than the Western colleagues; expected the growth of competition in the regional labor market of tourist services.

In the modern conditions, great attention is paid to finding opportunities to increase the efficiency of use of vehicles and handling equipment in transport nodes, as well as increasing the standards of cargo operations. In many ports that function as transport nodes, the increase in vehicle handling standards is achieved mainly through the opening of internal reserves, Whereas the cardinal solution of this problem is connected with the perspective of development of the berthing front. From how the maintenance of vehicles in transport nodes is coordinated, how the reloading technique is used depends on the duration of unproductive downtimes of vehicles and handling equipment. The most effective way of transshipment of goods in transport nodes is the transshipment of goods under the direct option: A vehicle is a vehicle without temporary storage. The interaction of various modes of transport is considered when implementing the operational planning of the transport node. At the same time, the moments of arrival of the adjacent modes of transport in the transport node and the work of the handling equipment in the port are coordinated. To ensure the efficiency of cargo transshipment in transport nodes, it is proposed to use a probabilistic model that takes into account the interaction of various types of transport and reloading equipment in the transport node.

Purpose of the research. The purpose of the study is to identify the differential signs of verbal acts of unfair information that are significant for conducting a linguistic expert study in disputed verbal and written texts.Theoretical bases, methods and materials of research. The method of logical analysis of felicity conditions in the framework of the scientific instruments of the postclassical theory of speech acts was used in the work. The article summarizes the experience of 13 linguistic expertise’s in law enforcement practice under clause 152 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation “On protection of honor, dignity and business reputation” and 7 researches of the expert on the analysis of texts of mass-media in out-of-court sphere (for revealing signs of “black” PR in the election campaign) for the period from 2007 to 2016.Findings. Important theoretical issues of delineation of speech acts of sincere error and unfair informing are considered. A method is proposed for detecting speech acts of unfair communication based on the detection of diagnostic signs: substantial (logical contradictions, excessive detailing of the message, omissions of important details, reporting “extra” information, references to rumors, unverified sources, etc.); proper language (inadequate tone expression, excessive language means uncertainty impersonal and passive constructions, WE-exposure, speech strategy de re, and expressive syntax pr.).Practical implications. The results of the research can be used as methodological recommendations for the identification and qualification of various kinds of implicit information in the production of linguistic examinations and in the production of examinations in cases of humiliation of honor and dignity, extremism, unfair and unreliable advertising,Scientific value. The original method of revealing the content and actual language features of the speech act of dishonest information as opposed to the verbal deed of good faith was tested.

The current socio-economic situation in Russia is characterized by the impact of complex foreign policy conditions, the use of international sanctions, and the intensification of global competition. Internal features of Russia’s economic development are associated with the exhaustion of the export-raw material model of development, the impact of a new technological and technological structure, which puts the industrial sector in the task for transition to an innovative development paradigm. On background, high-tech science-intensive enterprises should become the locomotive of the growth of the Russian economy. In this article, the role of high-technology sectors in initiating the processes of innovative development of the economy based on the structural-dynamic analysis of macroeconomic parameters is substantiated, and the main criteria for classifying industries as high-tech sectors are outlined. Economic and statistical analysis of the activity of enterprises of the high-tech sector of the Russian economy was carried out, taking into account international comparisons. The estimation of the basic tendencies of formation of the world’s added value of hi-tech manufactures is given. The main tendencies in formation of perspective points of growth of high-tech sector are revealed. The key factors for successful implementation of the tasks of innovative development of enterprises in the high-tech sector of the economy are identified. In addition, the significance of this study is to develop theoretical and methodological support and justification of scientific and practical measures aimed at the formation of a high-tech sector of the innovation economy.

Topicality of the studied problem is predetermined by the necessity for improving the management of tax expenses of an economic subject, caused by the peculiarities of development of the taxation process in Russia and, as a consequence, by the taxpayers’ wish to optimize their tax liabilities. Thus, a need for theoretical and practical knowledge on formation of tax expenses and management of their volume on the basis of improving the tax strategy of an economic subject arises, which predetermines the emergence of independent sphere of financial management – tax management of organization (corporate tax management), which task is to optimize the management of tax liabilities at the micro-level. The purpose of the article is to determine and open the general tendencies and peculiarities of functioning and development of tax management at the corporate level. The leading approaches to studying this problem are the historical & legal and comparative & legal approaches, which allow for complex consideration of the process of functioning of tax management as an element of financial management and the object of economic & legal regulation. Results: the article views the causes of emergence of tax management: opens the general tendencies and peculiarities of its functioning; determines the most significant directions; reflects the stages and methods of tax planning; offers the algorithm of calculation of planned liabilities for the year and the variants of determining the effectiveness of tax management. The materials of the article are of practical value for specialists in the sphere of taxation and tax law; persons who conduct scientific research in the sphere of economic & legal regulation of tax policy of an economic subject; persons who conduct entrepreneurial and legislative activities.

The purpose of this study was to review the current issues of project management and their impact on the development of regions and industries in the new communication in environment, formed by the features of the digital economy. Concepts related to management of inter-branch, interregional projects are specified, their stages of management are considered. Paying attention to methodological problems related to the study of factors affecting the success of inter-branch and interregional projects in the context of an updated postindustrial society, an integral part of which is the digital economy. Express diagnosis of the status of the most important of them for projects implemented in Russia. The theoretical and practical basis was the regulatory provisions of the Russian Federation, research papers of Russian and foreign scientists related to problems of project management, as well as developed foreign standards. Methodical basis of the study were chosen system analysis, logical analysis methods and statistical methods. The developments outlined in this article represent an original contribution to improving the efficiency of development of territories and industries based on benchmarking of current global trends and Russian experience in managing globalization projects in the digital economy.

The work analyzes the engineering and marketing approach to the development of a new product in the automotive industry. The authors consider the engineering and marketing approaches and the essence of these approaches is defined. The possibility of using the modular method at the stage of developing new models was studied. The idea of this method is to develop a new unit or module when using the engineering and commercial potential of component manufacturers. The authors made an attempt to systematize a complex of marketing, organizational, economic and engineering processes through the industrial system of an industrial enterprise. The authors set a goal - to identify the features of creating a new product in an industrial enterprise using a marketing approach and a modular production method. The authors studied the possibility of applying a modular production method at the product development stage, the essence of which is to develop a new module using the development potential and commercial-engineering solutions of the parts manufacturers. The authors consider the transition to a modular method of design and production of goods; consolidation of changes in the development and release of a new product in the company when using a corporate production system based on the example of PJSC GAZ. The scientific significance of the study lies in the proposed method for creating a new product in the automotive industry. The main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific activity when considering questions about the essence of creating a new product in an industrial enterprise.

The article offers new advantages for residents of industrial parks, and argues for the need to revise approaches to the development of the institute of industrial parks, which will minimize the risks of integrated development of regions and the country in general.In the article, the authors turn to the question of the real economic efficiency of industrial parks. The authors of the article point to the significance of increasing regional economic efficiency, which will allow the regions of the Russian Federation to take a new approach to the issues of expediency of creating industrial parks. The authors identify the most promising advantages for investors: Reduction of time from investment, reduction of administrative risks, reduction of production costs, and profit from tax benefits. The authors point out that the main indicators of the creation of industrial parks and the result for the regional economy are the following: Growth of investment attractiveness, volume of investments, growth of tax revenues, creation of high-productive jobs, and improvement of innovative development. Speaking about the importance of industrial parks for the region, the authors suggest using the experience of AVTOVAZ. The procedure for using the infrastructure and technological capabilities of AVTOVAZ is considered. This approach allows organizing and carrying out work on preparation of production of new products at AVTOVAZ, as well as creating new jobs.

In conditions of limited access to external borrowed sources, the savings of the population that can be transformed into investments become one of the main internal reserves for stimulating economic growth and modernizing the Russian economy. The article presents an analysis of current trends in investment behavior of the Russian population, its motivations and reasons restraining the most complete involvement of a part of household income that is not used for current consumption into economic turnover. The authors outlined the problems of attracting investments in the country’s economy through the redistribution of effective consumer demand from the consumer market to the sphere of turnover of the company’s cash resources.It is noted that one of the significant factors in the transformation of the population’s savings into investment is the lack of a “saving” culture of the population. High-income differentiation and a low saving rate and their target character, and the predominance of “short” investor sentiment.The hypothesis advanced by the authors of the article about the existence of regularities in the savings behavior of the population in an unstable economic situation made it possible to draw conclusions about the preferred forms of savings on the part of the population, and also on the quality of which institutions need to be developed to stimulate the investment activity of the population.

The purpose of the article is to determine the perspective directions of structural changes in Russia’s regions on the basis of economic and statistical analysis.Economic and statistical methods of research include a wide range of specific actions, operations, and algorithms. The authors offer and approbate – by the example of specific data of the municipal entities of Volgograd Oblast – the method of cluster analysis. The authors used this method for analysis of various processes – innovational, investment, and structural changes at the level of Russia’s regions.Using the methods of cluster analysis allowed determining the underrun of all municipal entities of Voronezh Oblast for specific directions of the economic and social development. The obtained data allowed offering for each group of municipal entities the perspective directions of structural transformations in the economic and social spheres.

Economic space of the Russian Federation is undergoing certain significant changes. Firstly, due to appearance of the system theory of economic development, the subjects of the economic environment were divided within socio-economic systems. Secondly, the key directions of the post-industrial paradigm of development became obsolete due to appearance of new factors and conditions of interaction between economic relations at the national and global levels. These preconditions influence the regional socio-economic systems that occupy a rather important position in the development of the national economy of the Russian Federation. According to this, we study the factors and conditions of functioning and development of regional socio-economic systems. The purpose of the article is to consider the conditions and factors of development of regional socio-economic systems through modeling these processes within the current and required state of functioning. It is necessary to solve the following tasks for implementation of the set goal: consider the theoretical and methodological aspects of study of the regional socio-economic systems; determine the key approaches to wide study of factors and conditions within socio-economic systems; offer the models of regional socio-economic systems, formed on the basis of current factors of functioning and required conditions of development. The methodology of the research includes the methods of modeling, theoretical comparison, analysis, synthesis, and comparative evaluation. Within this research, the key moment is creating the model of development of regional socio-economic systems. This study poses substantial interest from the position of determining the theoretical regularities of the categorical machine and modeling of the current situation for comparison with the required conditions of development of regional socio-economic systems.

Topic/subject. Topicality of the research is predetermined by the necessity for studying the issues of provision of Russia’s food security by such main criteria as food accessibility and product quality of consumption by Russians. The object of the research is the level of food security in view of modern global threats during the transition to digital economy and its influence on the population’s living standards.Goal/tasks. The purpose of the research is to theoretically and practically substantiate the necessity for search and development of additional mechanisms of provision of the high-quality level of food security for Russia’s population. According to this goal, the authors formulate and solve the following tasks: short analysis of criteria of food independence, evaluation of the results of the work of import substitution programs, analysis of the consumer sector, evaluation of dynamics of real income of Russians, conclusion on the growth of the number of low-income citizens, substantiation of the necessity for targeted food help.Methodology. The authors use the method of statistical analysis, financial analysis, horizontal and vertical analysis of data for analyzing the threshold criteria of food security.Results. Increase of the level of food security of Russia needs provision of access to high-quality food for the country’s population, which is impossible without the targeted government food help.Conclusions/significance. The significance of this work consists in the emphasis on internal threats to the state’s food security which grow despite the increase of food independence on external import.

Topicality. As is known, the economic theory is based on the fact that any economy is based on production and consumption of good and benefits that are necessary for people’s lives. At that, economy is based on people’s needs and economic interests, which make them act in one way or another. As a result, there appear relations of production (creation), exchange, consumption, and acquisition of life goods, which are called economic relations. It is important to understand that implementation of the needs and interests, which are systemically interconnected, predetermines the existence of not just a totality of public relations but an economic system.Purposes and tasks of the research. The purpose of the research is to study economic relations and economic systems. The authors set the following tasks: studying the notion “economic activities” and its correlation to the notion “entrepreneurial activities”; studying the structure of an economic system; determining the position on the debatable issues that emerge during conduct of the research.Conclusions. The Constitution of the RF formulates the principles of market economy (competitiveness, equality of ownership forms, integrity of economic space, freedom of entrepreneurial activities, etc.), so the Russian economy is a market economy, not mixed economy. Market economy is the most flexible and effective.

The purpose of the article is to develop the offered for improvement of the mechanism of state support for development of the agro-industrial complex in the conditions of import substitution and provision of food security of Russia. For evaluation of effectiveness of realization of the mechanism of subsidizing within the policy of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex, a proprietary formula was developed, which is presented in the article. The authors substantiate the thesis that the policy of import substitution is necessary, as refusal from its realization with return to competition with foreign suppliers of agricultural products will complicate the problem of food security. However, the mechanism of implementation of the policy of subsidizing is not effective, so achievement of the trajectory of innovational development of the Russia’s agro-industrial complex requires another, more complex, mechanism. Thus the authors suggest the executive bodies of public authorities, which form the Russian agrarian policy, pay attention to the system of measures that includes various means of innovational development of companies of the agro-industrial sphere, namely: development of territorial and sectorial clusters, technological parks, innovations-oriented economic areas, and public-private partnership.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity for application of the leading tools of state regulation of regional economy in modern Russia and to develop practical recommendations for achieving high effectiveness of this regulation. The evidential base of the research consists of the authors’ development of the official statistical information of the Federal State Statistics Service of the RF on dynamics of regional economy. The authors use the method of structural and trend analysis. As a result of the research, the authors conclude that traditional tools of state regulation of regional economy – such as tax, infrastructural, and social policy – do not allow achieving high effectiveness of management. They should be replaced by the leading tools, the choice of which should be directly determined by the top-priority goals of development of region’s economy. These goals are creating innovations-oriented economy in the region, supporting high competitiveness of regional economy, overcoming ecological problems, and increasing the population’s living standards. They should be achieved with the help of such tools as innovational & investment policy, prioritization of entrepreneurship, territorial marketing, management of sustainability of region’s economy’s development, and policy of social responsibility.

The purpose of the article is optimization modeling of management of innovational processes in regional economy of modern Russia. The authors use the method of problem and systemic analysis, plan-fact analysis, and method of modeling of socio-economic processes and systems, as well as the optimization method. The authors study the course of execution of the Strategy of innovational development of the Russian Federation until 2020, determine the existing model of managing innovational processes in regional economy of modern Russia, and substantiate perspectives and develop recommendations for optimization of this model. Based on studying the practice of managing innovational processes in regional economy of modern Russia, the authors determine the key problems of the applied model. It is determines that effectiveness of managing the innovational processes at the level of regional economy is at a low level due to founding on financial support for innovative activity, implementation of which is not possible due to deficit of the regional budget. The authors offer recommendations for optimization of this model, which are aimed at development of non-financial measures for stimulation of innovative activity in the region, and develop the optimization model of managing innovational processes in regional economy of modern Russia.

The purpose of the research is to study the influence of new challenges on the Russia’s regional economy at the modern stage and to develop the framework strategy of its reaction to these challenges for simultaneous protection of regional interests and stimulating the implementation of the national course of socio-economic development. The authors study the connection between national and regional indicators of economic development. These indicators form three categories that reflect the most topical landmarks of development of modern economic systems: economic development, sustainability, and innovations. For studying this connection, the authors use the methods of regression and correlation analysis. The results of the performed analysis contradicted the existing theoretical ideas on a priori positive influence of positive global tendencies on the regional economy and showed that these tendencies influence the national and regional levels in a different way. That’s why the strategy of regional development should be prepared not by the model of the national strategy but in view of the region’s peculiarities. For that, the authors offer the corresponding recommendations that allow regional economy to adapt to new modern challenges.

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the necessity for considering the territorial peculiarities of using labor resources employed at harmful and hazardous productions, determined on the basis of the economic and statistical analysis, during formation of the optimization model and the procedure of decision making for selecting the programs of the planned control of the employment sphere for labor safety quality.There are various methodologies of labor safety, oriented at characterizing this process within a specific company and without a direct connection to management of labor safety within the region. T.V. Azarnova developed the approach to evaluation of effectiveness of regional management of labor safety quality and formed the optimization stochastic model of the system of planned control of the employment sphere in the labor safety sphere which is oriented at the differentiated management of the control functions as to the groups of companies that are distinguished depending on the complexity of the structure and level of implementation of the labor safety processes. The authors offer to use – apart from studying the situation at specific companies and groups of companies – the economic and statistical analysis of regional peculiarities of the influence of the production environment and the labor process factors for statistically determined groups of companies on the labor conditions of employees.Results: using the economic and statistical analysis of regional peculiarities of the labor conditions of employees allowed determining the specifics of the influence of various factors at the level of federal districts of Russia and among the regions of the Central Federal District. The obtained results became the basis of the offers that are to be taken into account during development of the effective system of regional management of labor safety quality.

The purpose of the article is to develop the strategy of risk management in the process of formation of innovations-oriented regional economy. Volgograd Oblast has been selected as the objects of the research. For assessing the influence of risk component on the process of formation of innovations-oriented economy in Volgograd Oblast, the authors study intermediary results of implementation of the Strategy of socio-economic development of Volgograd Oblast until 2025. They are studied with the help of the methodology of time series analysis. The main conclusion of the research is that in addition to high risk level, which accompanies innovational activity, additional risks emerge in the process of formation of innovations-oriented regional economy. This leads to high risk component, which is a serious obstacle in this process. The authors perform assessment of the risk component on the process of formation of innovations-oriented regional economy by the example of Volgograd Oblast, determine the key risks that emerge in the process of formation of innovations-oriented regional economy, and develop the strategy of risk management in the process of formation of innovations-oriented regional economy.

The purpose of the work is to determine and analyze systemic contradictions in development of modern Russia’s industry in the conditions of establishment of knowledge economy and to determine the perspectives of overcoming them. In order to achieve it, the authors use the method of comparative analysis, which allows comparing the values of indicators of industry’s development in Russia and in the countries with developed knowledge economy and evaluating the level of their deviation. Based on study and content analysis of authoritative scientific literature on the topic of the research, the key characteristics of industry that determine the basis of knowledge economy are distinguished and the evaluation of their correspondence to modern Russia’s industry is performed. As a result, the authors conclude that Russia’s industry is developing in the direction that is opposite to the set target course on creation of knowledge economy. The authors offer recommendations and perspectives for overcoming the determined contradictions in development of modern Russia’s industry in the conditions of knowledge economy development.

The purpose of the article is to verify the offered hypothesis and to develop the concept of provision of regional economy’s global competitiveness by the example of modern Russia. For that, the authors determine competitiveness of Russian regions and conduct statistical analysis, aimed at determination of differences, their depth and dynamics of change. The proprietary methodology of transferring the national values of the competitiveness index into global values is used. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that modern Russian regions, despite the national integrity, are characterized with a high level of differentiation. On the one hand, their peculiarities emphasize their uniqueness, and, on the other hand, they cause different levels of attractiveness from the point of view of territorial marketing – for residents, investors, employees, entrepreneurs, tourists, etc. This is a reason for quick development of certain regions due to attraction of larger volume of resources of all types, while other regions are behind them as to the level of socio-economic development. This increases disproportions in development of the Russian regional economy, which is a serious problem, influencing the rate of the national economic growth and social development. In order to solve this problem, the authors develop the concept of provision of global competitiveness of the regional economy.

The purpose of the article is to study the processes of digitization and Internetization of the Russian economy through the prism of their influence on a modern human. In order to evaluate the current state and successes of modern Russia in the sphere of digitization and Internetization of economy, the methods of horizontal and trend analysis are used, with the help of which the authors study the dynamics and assess the progress of the Russian economic system in implementation of these processes. In order to study the social consequences that accompany the processes of digitization and Internetization of the Russian economy, the authors use the method of correlation analysis for analyzing the connection (correlation) between the indicators of socio-economic development of the economic system and the indicators of digitization and Internetization of economy. As a result of the research, it is concluded that sustainable growth of quantitative indicators of digitization and Internetization of the Russian economy shows the achievement in this sphere. At the same time, the authors found the failures in management of these processes, the most serious of which is orientation at improvement of macro-economic indicators. According to the existing model of management, the processes of digitization and Internetization of the Russian economy are aimed at increase of effectiveness of state management, optimization of business processes, and increase of economic growth rate. The authors developed a new model of digitization and Internetization of the Russian economy, which allows ensuring growth of the living standards of the Russian population, this stimulating the improvement of the indicators of socio-economic development.

The purpose of the article is to determine the perspective economic stimuli for creation of highly-efficient jobs on the basis of new Internet technologies in modern Russia and to develop the corresponding practical recommendations. The authors use the method of factor analysis for determining the level and direction of the influence of various factors (indicators of entrepreneurial activities) on the value of the entrepreneurship index according to the U.S. News in 2010–2017. As a result of analysis, the authors come to the conclusion that the main reason for implementing new Internet technologies into activities of the modern Russian companies is insufficiency of market stimuli and existing possibilities of the modern Russian companies in the sphere of implementation of new Internet technologies. The most important factors that perform negative influence on entrepreneurship in modern Russia and are its problem areas include low accessibility of capital, low quality of infrastructure, lack of transparency of business practice (large share of shadow economy), insufficient development of the market environment (low level of competition, high entering barriers), and insufficiently strong and effective institutional provision of entrepreneurship. For solving the determined problems, the authors develop the mechanism of economic stimulation of creation of highly-efficient jobs on the basis of new Internet technologies in modern Russia. It allows supplementing the market methods with the methods of regulatory economic stimulation of creation of highly-efficient jobs on the basis of new Internet technologies in modern Russia. This will ensure the interest of modern Russian companies to creation of highly-efficient jobs on the basis of new Internet technologies and will provide such an opportunity, thus guaranteeing sustainable positive effect.

The purpose of the article is to determine the perspective economic stimuli for creation of highly-efficient jobs for a modern human by the example of modern Russia. For studying the influence of creation of highly-efficient jobs on the socio-economic system of modern Russia, the authors use the methods of regression and correlation analysis. In the course of the research, the authors prove that creation of highly-efficient jobs in economy is accompanied by positive social changes, in particular – increase of the happiness index of the economic system and growth of innovative activities of entrepreneurship, measured as the share of innovational organizations and the share of innovational goods. Social opposition, related to social apprehension of unemployment rate growth, has not been confirmed – creation of highly-efficient jobs leads to reduction of unemployment rate. The authors offer recommendations and present a logical scheme of economic stimulation of creation of highly-efficient jobs for a modern human.

The purpose of the article is to study the essence of the process of transforming the consumers’ behavior in the conditions of digital economy by the example of services in the sphere of cancer treatment and to determine the perspective of further development of these services. For the purpose of high detalization of the research and high precision and authenticity of its results, the focus in made on one subject – modern Russia. Studying the information processes in consumers’ behavior in the conditions of digital economy by the example of services in the sphere of cancer treatment is performed with the help of a quantitative scientific method – correlation analysis, and a qualitative method – logical analysis of causal connections. The information and analytical basis of the research is the materials of the official statistics of the Federal State Statistics Service and the International Telecommunication Union for 1992–2016. The authors show that in the conditions of digital economy development new possibilities appear in the sphere of cancer treatment, which leads to changes in consumers’ behavior. As a result of the performed research, it is possible to conclude that modern Russia is a place of active transformation processes in consumers’ behavior in the conditions of digital economy by the example of services in cancer treatment. Some of them are already reflected in economic practice, and others reflect its future outlines and perspective directions of state policy in the sphere of regulation of this sphere of economy. The authors compile a system of transformation processes in consumers’ behavior in the conditions of digital economy by the example of services in the sphere of cancer treatment.

The transformation of the productive forces on the basis of rapid development of information technology, accompanied by the convergence of information and nano-, bio- and cognitive technologies, enhances the importance of the workforce and of the results of intellectual work in the production of modern goods and services. In its turn, the “network effect” of modern economy determines a deep-rooted conflict between information economy and market mechanisms, as well as the distribution and redistribution, in the realities of which this effect is witnessed, basing on the supremacy of private ownership on the means of production. As a result, judging from the experience of market methods of distribution of the produced value, the jobs are released, inequality grows and the consumer demand for the goods is reduced. Finally, the existing distribution system of the national income hinders the development of productive forces, which is a precondition for its radical transformation in accordance with the dialectical logic of development of social and economic relations.

Effective regional policy is the key factor that ensures stable conditions of development of the subjects of the RF. Recently, the development of regions’ economies have been peculiar for the necessity for organizing the innovative activities as a competitive environment of the 21st century. According to this precondition, scholars and practitioners develop the mechanisms of managing the innovational development of economy, which are necessary for building close interrelations between all subjects of innovational regional environment. The purpose of scientific research is formation of the model of financial and organizational mechanisms of managing the innovational development of region’s economy. Implementation of the set goal requires solving the following tasks: considering the evolutional approaches to the mechanisms of development of innovational economy; determining the peculiarities of the theoretical model of region’s economy innovational development management through an objective mechanism of interaction; forming the models of organizational and financial mechanisms of managing the innovational development of region’s economy. The methodological tools of the research include the methods of theoretical and evolutional analysis, modeling and graphic presentation, and determination of substantial attributes. The scientific novelty of the research consists in application of the evolutional and typological approach to formation of the proprietary mechanisms of management of region’s innovational economy. Theoretical and practical significance of the research is manifested in consideration of these issues through the prism of the necessity for transforming the existing mechanisms of innovational economy of the region.

The purpose of the article is to develop the innovational tools of provision of food security through state support for the agro-industrial complex (AIC) in the conditions of digital economy in modern Russia. For verification of the offered hypothesis and determination of connection between the level of national food security of modern Russia, state support for the AIC, and the use of the possibilities of digital economy, the article uses the method of correlation analysis. Also, the authors use the method of trend and horizontal statistical analysis, with the help of which the authors use the dynamics of change of the index of national food security in Russia in 2012–2017. The authors substantiate that state support for the AIC in modern Russia is not related to usage of existing possibilities of digital economy and does not fully ensure the national food security. The authors offer to supplement the traditional tools of financial support for national manufacturers of the AIC products with state subsidies, subsidized credits, etc., as well as innovational tools which is based on usage of the capabilities of digital economy. These tools allow achieving competitive advantages of domestic manufacturers of the AIC as to the quality and price. As compared to the traditional tools of state support, which belongs to the sphere of protectionism, the offered innovational tools do not limit the foreign competition and does not provide obvious preferences for domestic entrepreneurship. Instead, innovational tools increase competitiveness of domestic manufacturers of the AIC products, i.e., uses the market mechanism, leaving the choice to customers, hindering access to the market for dishonest entrepreneurs.

The purpose of the work is to develop the concept of economic stimulation of creating highly-efficient jobs from the view of a modern human by the example of modern Russia. The authors determine the level of modern human’s interest in creation of highly-efficient jobs through the prism of three various roles in socio-economic system of Russia. The information and analytical basis of the work consists of the materials of the sociological survey performed by the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center in 2016, the materials of the report by the United Nations Development Programme on Human Development Index and the INSEAD, WIPO, Cornell University on innovational development of economy, as well as the materials of the International Monetary Fund and the Federal State Statistics Service for 2016. The data are processed with the help of the systemic, logical, dynamics (trend), and comparative analysis, as well as general scientific methods of the research, such as synthesis, deduction, induction, formalization, etc. The authors prove the thesis that the process of economic stimulation of creating the highly-efficient jobs in the economic system, studied by the modern science from the positions of entrepreneurial structures, should be viewed through the prism of human – both within and outside of these structures. The authors determine the key barriers on the path of successful economic stimulation of creation of highly-efficient jobs in modern Russia and offer practical recommendations for overcoming them, on the basis of which the concept of stimulation of creating the highly-efficient jobs from the point of view of modern human is created.

The purpose of the work is to study the essence, consequences, and perspectives of managing the process of transformation of the role of human in the economic system in the conditions of knowledge economy creation by the example of modern Russia. For determining the dependence of traditional competitiveness of economy and successfulness of knowledge economy creation (as a new type of economy’s competitiveness) on various types of resources – human, technological, material, and investment – this work uses the method of correlation analysis. The authors study the data of the United Nations Development Programme, the International Telecommunication Union, the World Bank, and the World Economic Forum for 2010–2016. Due to the usage of this method, the authors prove that human resources perform more important role in the process of knowledge economy creation than in the process of traditional provision of global competitiveness of economy, which requires reconsideration of the approach to managing them. The authors come to the conclusion that in the conditions of knowledge economy creation the process of transformation of the role of human is started. In this process, human transforms from the usual production resource (human resource), consumer of traditional goods, and entrepreneur, who uses the existing possibilities, into the leading production resource – the source of creation and implementation of innovations, as well as the consumer of innovational goods and innovations-active entrepreneur. Despite the fact that this transformation process takes place in the natural way under the influence of market forces, it could be distorted (market gaps could be formed); to prevent this, it is recommended that state manage this process. The authors present a perspective approach to managing the process of transformation of the role of human in the economic system in the conditions of knowledge economy creation and offer practical recommendations for its application in modern economic systems.

The purpose of the article is to determine new forms of state support for the agro-industrial complex (AIC) in the conditions of digital economy, which are the basis of provision of national food security by the example of modern Russia. It is achieved with the help of the horizontal analysis of time rows, which supposes comparison of statistical data of the adjacent time periods; the regression analysis, which allows determining the character of dependence of variables; the method of correlation analysis, which allows determining the connection between the studied statistical indicators for the studied period. The analysis is performed on the basis of the existing statistical information on dynamics of the values of the index of national food security of Russia and expenditures of the federal budget for state support for the AIC in Russia. The authors prove that the applied forms of state support for the AIC are peculiar for low effectiveness, as they suppose high load on the federal budget and do not stimulate the provision of Russia’s national food security. In the conditions of digital economy, new forms of state support for the AIC become accessible – they allow achieving larger effectiveness. The authors offer recommendations for application of these forms and provide the mechanism of action of the offered forms of state support for the AIC in the conditions of digital economy as a basis of food security provision.

The article is devoted to the process of organizing research activities of undergraduates. The relevance of this topic is due to the emerging problems of students at the stage of forming their scientific results in the form of final qualification works. The problems that arise are related to the weak development of the research component in the process of mastering. The article provides an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the research component and the specific features of the process of organizing the research activities of students under the master’s program of the specialty 38.04.01 “Economics” at the Nizhny Novgorod State University N.I. Lobachevsky. Based on the analysis, organizational solutions aimed at eliminating identified problems and improving the quality of training for masters of the specialty 38.04.01 “Economics” are proposed. Particular attention should be paid to pedagogical decisions, in particular, the introduction of innovative teaching technologies, such as interactive, modular, etc., as well as the use of active participation of students in various forms of scientific research (round tables, conferences, grants, competitions). Recommendations data on the organization of research activities of graduate students 38.04.01 “Economics” are actively introduced into the educational process, while there is a qualitative increase in the level of preparedness of graduation qualifications of undergraduates.

The main purpose of economic development of economic entities at all levels and, first of all, of small or medium-sized businesses is the getting a profit, which is the basis for the formation of both explicit and implicit designated funds, namely the reserve fund, the production development fund, the collective development fund and fund of material incentive. Today, the formation of firms’ funds for solving social problems is becoming increasingly important, the main one at the government level is improving the quality of life of the population of the country, which is primarily formed by the wages. Salary (payroll) and profit (the fund of material incentives) are the economic basis for the formation of the quality of life of workers. The amount of wages spent on the creation of products and profits of the enterprise from the sale of manufactured products is the added value or net production created by the firm for the analyzed period. The article considers the factors of the formation of added value as a result of the company’s production and economic activities. Various variants of calculation of the added cost are considered depending on a level of rates of the tax to profit and deductions for social needs.

In the article, a systematic study of the effectiveness of the application of interdisciplinary integration of economic disciplines in the system of training of future military engineers is performed. The essence of the processes of integration and differentiation is revealed, as well as the objective necessity of applying these processes as a system for training future military engineers, so in the process of mastering economic content. It is theoretically justified that the structural integrity and continuity of the content of economic disciplines is achieved by the interdisciplinary integration of these disciplines. In addition, the implementation of interdisciplinary integration leads to the systematization of economic disciplines, and a unique cognitive result, the formation of an integral picture in the mind of a military engineer, which, as a result, leads to the formation of a qualitatively new type of knowledge, expressed in general scientific categories and concepts. The article develops an algorithm for interdisciplinary integration of economic disciplines, including the successive implementation of the following actions: The setting of a goal and the choice of a systematizing factor; The allocation of the functions of each academic discipline; Establishment of interrelation of economic disciplines; The definition of the functional dependence of economic disciplines; Development of a glossary; The definition of the system of abilities; Creation of a system of modules. The indicators of effectiveness of interdisciplinary integration of economic disciplines are defined: The quality of cadets’ assimilation of the content of economic disciplines; The orientation of cadets to master military professional activities; Number of cadets who have creative methods of solving economic problems; Number of cadets engaged in research activities.

In the context of limited primary resources, the constant change in the internal and external factors that form them, the choice of the strategy for transforming Russia and its regions is directly related to determining the basis for innovative development and stimulating innovation potential. Human resources play the primary role in the implementation of the chosen strategy, both at the level of innovation creation and at the level of their implementation. From the level of competence of personnel depends the quality of innovation, and, consequently, the level of competitiveness of the organization, the economy of the region and the country in general.Summarizing the research results of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of personnel management and innovation, based on their own research experience and data obtained, taking into account the current trends in the development of innovative management factors, a model for the participation of human resources in the process of realizing the potential of the regional economy was formed. Through this model, the interaction of its main elements - idea, technology of implementation, practical implementation, market development and regional support - is demonstrated in the process of shaping the development of the region’s innovation strategy.The combination of the procedure for interaction of human resources in the field of innovation with regional authorities at all levels of the innovation development process is reflected in the proposed model for implementing innovative initiatives with support at the regional level.In general, the analysis of the main factors underlying the proposed models has made it possible to outline general provisions on the tasks of the territorial authorities in the practical implementation of tools to support innovative development.

The modern development of regional socio-economic systems and their stable functioning largely depend on the quality of human resources, expressed in the level of development, generation and application of new knowledge. It is these resources in the innovation economy that have a priority character and are the dominant factors of the reproductive and economic processes. In this connection, the article provides a comprehensive assessment of the use of regional human resources. During the research, the most significant factors that determine the development of the personnel potential of the territories are identified, which are grouped into groups of infrastructural, social and economic conditions. The work uses official Russian statistics for a long time interval and normalizes the initial values to ensure comparability of the data. The author’s methodology also assumes the calculation of integral indicators by calculating the average geometric by groups of infrastructural, social and economic indicators. Methods of statistical and logical analysis, comparisons, tabular representation of data were used in the work. Also, to substantiate the author’s conclusions, three-dimensional graphic models have been constructed that demonstrate and allow us to assess the real positions of the subjects of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation in the space of the analyzed factors.

The study is devoted to the analysis of the origin of the effects of the discrepancy between the dynamics of the productive and resource indicators of the regions in the context of the stagnation of the Russian economy in 2014–2016. During this period, multidirectional dynamics of the main indicators of economic growth was recorded, which is caused not only by market factors, but also by changes in the resource potential of the territories.The modern principles of the “survival” of participants in economic relations (entrepreneurs, enterprises, regions) are formulated in the conditions of the crisis. The essence and systematization of the main features of the effects of discrepancy of dynamics in the analysis of regional socio-economic systems is determined. It is substantiated that the analysis of decoupling effects or the effects of divergence of dynamics is applicable to situations when the series of economic indicators that must have a correlation or fundamentally grounded dependence move either in different directions or in one direction, but it is incommensurable with other indicators of the intensity and range of the changes.The analysis of the discrepancies in the dynamics of the main regional indicators of economic growth and consumption of resources (energy and investment) was carried out. It is revealed that resource differences in dynamics in different combinations of economic resources (labor, material, energy, investment, etc.) can also give the researcher useful information for optimizing the resource potential of the enterprise, industry, regional and national socio-economic system.

The technological, organizational and managerial changes related to the spread of the digital economy, which take place today, covers all areas of activity - economy, public administration, culture, health care, education, transforming the everyday life of people and creating new ways of communication. The actual and potential effect of the development of the digital economy bring great interest at the global, national and regional levels. Digitalization, which we interpret as the use of the opportunities online and innovative digital technologies by all participants in the economic system from individuals to large companies and states, is a prerequisite for maintaining competitiveness for all regions and countries. The article examines approaches to evaluation of the digitalization potential of the regional economy by on example of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation using fuzzy-set methods through an assessment of the digitalization potential of the region and the effectiveness of the digitization potential. Regions show active involvement in the digital economy as soon as the Internet infrastructure appears, although there are still some inequalities in a number of additional indicators: it concerns the penetration and use of public services (gap with Moscow in 3–5 times), as well as the activity of businesses in the use of digital opportunities (gap of 2–3 times). In general, we see a huge under–utilized potential in the digitalization - of business, regardless of regional specifics.

The article deals with the problems of measuring labor. In economic theory, there are still no well-founded and generally accepted definitions of the quality and efficiency of labor, their criteria and growth factors have not been established, there are no fixed relationships with the productivity of labor, the value of goods and other economic concepts and laws.In most cases, the categories of labor are treated separately, in isolation, without necessarily taking into account their interdependence in real economic life, which indicates the non-systematic nature of their study, that is, there is no comprehensive, comprehensive approach to research. The article allows evaluating the factors influencing the level of labor potential. The strategy for the development of labor resources should be aimed at the formation of labor potential as the most important intellectual and professional resource of Russian society, which ensures effective social and economic development, high competitiveness and innovative development.The article presents the main directions that make it possible to comprehensively assess the country’s labor potential and set tasks that must be solved with a goal to overcome the current situation. Economic growth is impossible without improving the quality of labor.