Phytoconstituents and Their Potential Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Mosquito Larvicidal Activities of Goniothalamus wightii Hook. F. & Thomson

The study aims to determine the bioactive components, microbial potency against pathogens, antioxidant and larvicidal activities of Goniothalamus wightii leaves extracts by using different organic solvents as hexane chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and aqueous. Further, methanol extract was exhibited to be most effective when compared to other extraction of phytochemicals and its use for further analysis of biological activities. Alkaloid content ranged from 68.42 ± 1.36 (mg AE/g), flavonoid content ranged from 76.80 ± 2.80 (mg QE/g), and phenolic content ranged from 67.50 ± 2.55 (mg GAE/g), respectively. The metabolites are identified and characterized by using HPTLC biomarker, the presence of different types of Rf values ranged from 0.02 to 0.94, and FT-IR spectrum and GC–MS analysis displayed 25 biochemical compounds which are liable for the various biological activities. Based on their compounds, they evaluated that antimicrobial activity highly inhibits against the bacterial species of Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris and fungal species of Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma virideae. In vitro antioxidant assays activities showed that 70% inhibited against the free radicals. Additionally, G. wightii methanol extract was contrary to the mosquito larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi in 24 h; and LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ were calculated. In conclusion, these findings suggested that the G. wightii extract may be valuable natural antioxidant sources and potentially applicable for both therapeutic and industrial uses.