nach oben

International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal

Erschienen in:

01.12.2009

Cultural norms & business start-ups: the impact of national values on opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs

verfasst von: Diana M. Hechavarria, Paul D. Reynolds

Erschienen in: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal | Ausgabe 4/2009

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config

KI-gestützte Suche

Aus

Abstract

It has long been known that the level of entrepreneurship, indicated as the percentage of incorporated and unincorporated nascent businesses relative to the labor force differs strongly across countries. This variance is related to differences in levels of economic development (Wennekers et al. 2005), but also to diverging demographic, cultural, and institutional characteristics (Acs and Armington 2004; Busenitiz et al. 2000; Fusari 1996; Karlsson and Duhlberg 2003; Rocha 2004; Thurik et al. 2006; Wong et al. 2005). Incorporating an institutional perspective, the aim of this research is to test if culture, operationalized through the World Values Survey (WVS) data, is a significant factor in predicting opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship rates at the country level. Opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship rates will be averaged from the 2001 to 2003 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and aggregated for 38 countries in this cross-sectional analysis.

Vorheriger Artikel Non-family-members in the family business management team: a multinational investigation

Nächster Artikel Mapping the successful succession process in family firms: evidence from Greece

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Reynolds et al. (2001). GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP MONITOR: 2001 Volume II:A - Adult Population Surveys Data Collection-Operations Manual.

This measure is used over the TEA index in the GEM data because the TEA measure includes owner managers, and thus SUBOAN (the variable from which SUOPP and SUNEC are derived) is a more accurate measure of current nascent entrepreneurs.

For a complete account of the construction of indexes used please visit the WVS website: http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/ and download the integrated questionnaire.

Acs, Z. (2006). How is entepreneurship good for economic growth. Innovations, 1(1), 97–107.CrossRef

Acs, Z. J., & Armington, C. (2004). Employment growth and entrepreneurial activity in cities. Regional Studies, 38(3), 911–927.CrossRef

Acs, Z. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (eds) (2003). Handbook of entrepreneurship research: an interdisciplinary survey and introduction. Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, International Handbook Series on Entrepreneurship, 560 pp. ISBN 1-4020-7358-5,102.50.

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.CrossRef

Aldrich, H. (2005). Entrepreneurship. Chapter 20. In N. Smelser & R. Swedberg (Eds.), Handbook of economic sociology (pp. 451–477). Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Becker, M. C., & Knudsen, T. (2002). Schumpter 1911 farsighted visions on economic development. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 61, 387.CrossRef

Brouwer, M. T. (2002). Weber, Schumpter, and Knight on entrepreneurship and economic development. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 12, 83–105.CrossRef

Bruno, A. V., & Tyebjee, T. T. (1982). The environment for entrepreneurship. In C. A. Kent, D. L. Sexton, & K. H. Vesper (Eds.), Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship (pp. 288–306). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Busenitiz, L. W., Gomez, C., & Spencer, J. W. (2000). Country institutional profiles: unlocking entrepreneurial phenomena. Academy of Management Journal, 43–5, 994.CrossRef

Carsurd, A., & Krueger, N. (1995). Social psychology: behavioral technology for understanding the new venture initiation processes. Advances in Entrepreneurship and Growth, 2, 73–96.

Carsurd, A., Brännback, M., Elfving, J., Kickul, J., & Krueger, N. (2006). Florida International University. Pino Global Entrepreneurship Center. Working Paper.

Davidsson, P., & Wiklund, J. (2001). Levels of analysis in entrepreneurship research: current research practice and suggestions for the future. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25, 81–100.

Davidsson, P. (2002). What entrepreneurship research can do for business and policy practice. International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 1(1), 5–24.

Fusari, A. (1996). Paths of economic development: modeling factors of endogenous growth. International Journal of Social Economics, 23, 164.CrossRef

Gartner, W. B. (1985). A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 696–706.CrossRef

Gartner, W. B. (1988). Who is an entrepreneur? Is the wrong question. American Journal of Small Business, 12(4), 11–32.

Hayton, J. C., George, G., & Zahara, S. A. (2002). National culture and entrepreneurship: a review of behavioral research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26, 33–52.

Herbig, P. A., & Miller, J. C. (1992). Culture and technology: does the traffic move in both directions? Journal of Global Marketing, 6(3), 75.

Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Imm Ng, S., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2007). Are Hofstede's and Schwartz's value frameworks congruent? International Marketing Review, 24(2), 164–180.

Inglehart, R. (1997). Modernization and postmodernization: cultural, economic, and political change in 43 societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Inglehart, R. (2006). Mapping global values. Comparative Sociology, 5(2), 115–136.

Inglehart, R., & Baker, W. (2000). Modernizaiton, cultural change, and the persistence of traditional values. American Sociological Review, 65, 19–51.

Karlsson, C., & Duhlberg, R. (2003). Entrepreneurship, firm growth and regional development in the new economic geography: introduction. Small Business Economics, 21, 73–76.CrossRef

Kirzner, I. M. (1979). Perception, opportunity and profit Studies in the theory of entrepreneurship. Chicago, Ill. [u.a.]: Univ. of Chicago Press.

Krueger, N. (2000). The cognitive infrastructure of opportunity emergence. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 24(3), 5–23.

Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 5(4), 330.

Levie, J., & Hunt, S. (2004). Culture, institutions and new business activity: evidence from global entrepreneurship monitor. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Boston MA.

Licht, A. N., & Siegel, J. I. (2006). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. In M. Casson and B. Yeung (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship, Oxford University Press.

Low, M. B., & MacMillan, I. C. (1988). Entrepreneurship: past research and future challenges. Journal of Management, 14(2), 139–161.

McClelland, D. C. (1961). The achieving society. Princeton: D. van Nostrand Company Inc.

McDaniel, B. A. (2005). A contemporary view of Joseph A. Schumpeter’s theory of the entrepreneur. Journal of Economic Issues, 39, 485.

Nee, V. (2005). The new institutionalism in economics and sociology. In N. Smelser & R. Swedberg (Eds.), The Handbook of Economic Sociology (2nd ed.). Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Noseleit, F. (2008). The entrepreneurial culture: guiding principles of the self-employed. Jena Economic Research Papers in Economics 2008-034, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Max-Planck-Institute of Economics, Thueringer Universitaets- und Landesbibliothek.

Ogburn, W. F. (1937). Culture and sociology. Social Forces, 16, 161.CrossRef

Reynolds, P. (1999). Creative destruction: source or symptom of economic growth? In Z. Arcs, B. Carlsson, & C. Karlsson (Eds.), Entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized enterprises and the macro economy, London, UK: Cambridge University.

Reynolds, P. D. (1991). Strategies for cross-national comparisons: matching research issues and analysis objectives. Small Business Economics, 3, 245–260.CrossRef

Reynolds, P. D. (2006). United States entrepreneurial assessment, 2004 (ICPSR04688-v1)[Computer file]. Miami, FL: Paul Reynolds, Florida International University [producer].Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor],2007-06-27.

Reynolds, P. D. (2007). Entrepreneurship in the United States: The future is now. International studies in entrepreneurship, vol. 15. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Reynolds, P. D., & Curtin, R. (2008). Business creation in the United States: panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics II initial assessment. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 4(3), 155.

Reynolds, P. D., Camp, S. M., Bygrave, W. D., Auito, E. & Hay, M. (2001). Global entrepreneurship monitor. 2001 Executive report. Kansas City: Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Learning.

Reynolds, P. D., Bygrave, W. D., Autio, E., Cox, L. W., & Hay, H. (2002), Global entrepreneurship monitor, 2002 executive report. Babson College, London Business School and Kauffman Foundation.

Reynolds, P., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I., et al. (2005). Global entrepreneurship monitor: data collection design and implementation 1998–2003. Small Business Economics, 24, 205–231.CrossRef

Rocha, H. O. (2004). Entrepreneurship and development: the role of clusters. Small Business Economics, 23, 363–400.CrossRef

Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalised expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80(1), 1–28.

Schumpter, J. A. (1934). The theory of economic development. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Scully, G. W. (1988). The institutional framework and economic development. The Journal of Political Economy, 3, 652.

Shane, S. (1993). Cultural influences on national rates of innovation. Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, 8(1), 59–73.

Steenkamp, J.-B. E. M. (2001). The role of national culture in international marketing research. International Marketing Review, 18, 30.CrossRef

Stinchcombe, A.L. (1965). Social structure and organizations. In Handbook of Organizations, March JG (ed). Rand McNally: Chicago, IL; 142–193.

Suddle, K., Beugelsdijk, S., & Wennekers, S. (2010). Entrepreneurial culture and its effect on the nascent entrepreneurship, In A. Freytag and A. R. Thurik (eds.), Entrepreneurship and Culture, Springer, forthcoming.

Schwartz, S. H. (1992). Universals in the content and structure of values: theory and empirical tests in 20 countries. In M. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 25) (pp. 1–65). New York: Academic Press.

Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the content and structure of values? Journal of Social Issues, 50, 19–45.

Schwartz, S. H., Lehmann, A., & Roccas, S. (1999). Multimethod probes of basic human values. In J. Adamopoulos and Y. Kashima, (eds.), Social psychology and culture context: essays in honor of Harry C. Triandis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Thorton, P. H. (1999). The sociology of entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 19–46.CrossRef

Thurik, R., Bhola, R., Verheul, I., & Grilo, I. (2006). Explaining engagement levels of opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs. SCALES: Scientific Analysis of Entrepreneurship and SMES. EIM bv, Zoetermeer. Rotterdam, NL http://hdl.handle.net/1765/9705.

Verheul, I., van Stel, A., & Thurik, T. (2005). Explaining female and male entrepreneurship at the country level, Discussion papers on entrepreneurship, growth and public policy 2005-34, Max Planck Institute of Economics, Group for Entrepreneurship, Growth and Public Policy Group: http://ideas.repec.org/p/esi/egpdis/2005-39.html.

Wennekers, S., van Wennekers, A., Thurik, R., & Reynolds, P. (2005). Nascent entrepreneurship and the level of economic development. Small Business Economics, 24, 293–309.CrossRef

Wong, P. K., Ho, Y. P., & Autio, E. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic growth: evidence from GEM data. Small Business Economics, 24, 335–350.CrossRef

Titel: Cultural norms & business start-ups: the impact of national values on opportunity and necessity entrepreneurs
verfasst von: Diana M. Hechavarria
Paul D. Reynolds
Publikationsdatum: 01.12.2009
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal / Ausgabe 4/2009
Print ISSN: 1554-7191
Elektronische ISSN: 1555-1938
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-009-0115-6

Springer Professional

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu Ihrer Lizenz zu erhalten.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2009

A theory of entrepreneurial learning from performance errors

Explaining participation in off-the-books entrepreneurship in Ukraine: a gendered evaluation

Mapping the successful succession process in family firms: evidence from Greece

An analytical model for human resource management as an enabler of organizational renewal: a framework for corporate entrepreneurship

The moderating effect of the technological level of industry on the relationship between innovation and corporate reputation

Non-family-members in the family business management team: a multinational investigation